scholarly journals Evaluation of natural sounds in urban greenery: potential impact for urban nature preservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170037 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hedblom ◽  
I. Knez ◽  
Å. Ode Sang ◽  
B. Gunnarsson
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Natural Sounds ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Nature Preservation

Most humans now live in cities and their main experience of nature is through urban greenery. An increasing number of studies show the importance of urban green spaces for well-being, although most of them are based on visual perception. A questionnaire examining people's evaluations of natural sounds was answered by 1326 individuals living near one of six urban green areas of varying naturalness in the city of Gothenburg, Sweden. Women and the elderly reported greater calmness when hearing bird song and rustling leaves (and placed a higher importance on the richness of bird species) than did men, younger and middle-aged individuals. Independent of age and gender, urban woodlands (high naturalness) had higher evaluations than parks (low naturalness). Our results suggest that to increase positive experiences of urban green areas, demographic variables of gender and age should be taken into account, and settings that mimic nature should be prioritized in planning.

scholarly journals Lighting of urban green areas – the case of Grabiszyn Park in Wrocław. Searching for the balance between light and darkness through social and technical issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
Agata Łopuszyńska ◽  
Małgorzata Bartyna-Zielińska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Big City ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Local Awareness

Illuminating the urban green spaces could lead to conflicts of spatial, technical and social nature. This relatively new, though already global, problem is expected to grow bigger with the further increase of urban areas artificial brightness. The case of Grabiszyn Park in Wrocław is an example of how difficult it is to find a balance between big-city lights and a natural darkness. The situation is even more difficult if the light is not legally recognized as a significant source of air pollution and direct nuisance at the legal level. The aim of the paper is to recognize the broader perspective of urban greenery lighting issues, global recommendations basis and the local awareness. The authors also made an attempt to analyze and assess the project implementation, as well as to characterize the components of the quality of an urban green areas lighting.

scholarly journals The Socioeconomic Welfare of Urban Green Areas and Parks; A Literature Review of Available Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7863
Author(s):  
Antonios Kolimenakis ◽  
Alexandra D. Solomou ◽  
Nikolaos Proutsos ◽  
Evangelia V. Avramidou ◽  
Evangelia Korakaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas

Urban green areas present a lucid example for the harmonious co-existence of the artificial and natural environments best illustrated by their interdependence and interconnection in urban spaces. Urban green areas are essential for the health and wellbeing of citizens. The present study aimed to investigate those multiple benefits for citizens that arise through the existence of urban green areas, as well as important policy dimensions that should be considered when designing the expansion of urban green spaces in urban development. The study was based on a literature review to examine for available evidence on the benefit levels derived by the existence of urban green areas. An extended literature review was followed by a structured review, based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, which partly followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was conducted in two databases, and a total of 1674 articles and abstracts were identified through the database searches. After removing 114 duplicates, 1560 records were initially screened based on title and abstract. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were incorporated in the structured review and a total of 47 in the extended review. The extended literature review identified 33 additional articles examining aspects of benefits that did not fall under the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the structured review, such as health benefits and other social parameters associated with urban green spaces. The selected studies were allocated in five principal groups according to study types: three of the them consisted of studies employing “willingness to pay” (WTP) methods, five were based on property values, two studies assigned monetary values, while another two assigned CO2 values, and, finally, two studies were based on qualitative criteria. The results indicated benefits to citizens and increased welfare levels gained by the existence of urban green areas. The conducted review revealed a number of findings and recommendations that could direct future research and urban policy. Those hints could assist local authorities as well as stakeholders in order to measure and assess the benefits of green spaces and urban parks and promote measures and programs to assist their further deployment.

scholarly journals Cities, the Urban Green Environment, and Individual Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Milan, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Tavano Blessi ◽  
Enzo Grossi ◽  
Giovanni Pieretti ◽  
Guido Ferilli ◽  
Alessandra Landi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spatial Proximity ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Residential Proximity ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Individual

This paper evaluates the independent effect of the spatial proximity of green urban areas upon the individual subjective well-being of the Milan population (Italy). The methodology is based on a survey undertaken in 2010 using a sample of 1,000 of Milan citizens. Univariate and multivariate analyses and GIS localization have been employed in order to rank the major individual well-being determinants and the relationship between citizens and urban green areas. Results show that the residential proximity of citizens to urban green areas seems to have little bearing on individual subjective well-being.

scholarly journals The importance of landscape spatial plans for the shaping of urban green areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Dubicki Piotr ◽  
Kułyk Piotr
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Development Plans

Urban greenery is an indispensable component of urban composition and can be an effective tool for solving problems related to shaping and organising urban spaces. For the proper functioning of green areas, however, it is necessary to combine them into a functional system, which must be reflected in spatial planning documents. The most effective protection of urban green areas can be ensured by appropriate provisions in local spatial development plans. The aim of the paper is to assess the significance of local spatial development plans for Poland in shaping green areas. The number of local spatial development plans in individual voivodships in the years 2009–2017 will be analysed. Keywords: Green areas, landscape spatial plans, sustainable development.  

scholarly journals Perceptions of spatial patterns of visitors in urban green spaces for the sustainability of smart city

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 155014772110340
Author(s):  
Qi Liu ◽  
Li Hou ◽  
Sana Shaukat ◽  
Usman Tariq ◽  
Rabia Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Urban People

Urban green spaces are really vital for the well-being of human in urban areas. In urban planning for green space site selection, the study of the bond among the usage of green spaces and their categories that really influence their use can provide useful references. A spatial and temporal research on the allocation of visitors in 157 green areas was carried out in Shanghai to know which green spaces are denser or crowdsourced by utilizing social media big data. We evaluated the association with statistical testing and Kernel Density Estimation among the spatial pattern of the visitor spread in urban green areas. We used check-in data from social media to test this study comparing the number of humans who visit various green parks. We have classified green areas into various categories and our main findings are focused on their characteristics: (1) famous category of green parks according to visitors’ preferences, (2) Differences in the number of visitors by daytime, and (3) crowdsourced area based upon number of check-ins. The main aim of this article is to remind policy makers of the value of providing local people access to green areas and to empower cities with a framework for contacting green parks with the purpose of increasing the comfort of urban people with the architecture of smart city.

scholarly journals Indicadores ambientales de áreas verdes urbanas para la gestión en dos ciudades costarricenses

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Morales Cerdas ◽  
Lilliana Piedra Castro ◽  
Marilyn Romero Vargas ◽  
Tania Bermúdez Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Mental Well Being

Environmental quality contributes to the physical and mental well-being of the population. In this way, the green areas (GA) of the cities are essential spaces for coexistence, sports, socialization, recreation, among others. The objective of this research was to determine the environmental conditions of green areas, using indicators as tool for urban management in two cities of Costa Rica. The study area corresponded to the districts of Heredia and Carmen, Costa Rica. The existing GA were determined using Rapid Eye satellite images, 2 012 through spatial analysis and remote sensing. Eleven indicators of urban green areas were applied, the species was identified, the height, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and the number of trees in parks and streets were measured. In addition, surveys were conducted to users of public GA, on issues related to accessibility and use of GA. Five types of GA were identified in Carmen and six were located in Heredia. The percentage of public and private green areas corresponded to 36 % and 64 % in Carmen and 13 % and 87 % in Heredia respectively. The green area per capita (m2 / hab) was 24.6 in Carmen and 2.7 in Heredia. Sixty-two species of trees were identified in the Carmen parks and 23 in Heredia. There were 1 105 trees of 61 species in the streets, sidewalks and avenues of Carmen and 278 individuals of 47 species in Heredia. Regarding the existence of riparian vegetation, it was determined that the Pirro, Burrio, Torres and Negritos streams maintain 82 %, 51 %, 81 % and 14 % of the area of protection of their margins in conforming use. 11 of the public GA’s were evaluated, nine presented a high physical accessibility. In both districts, the surveyed citizens indicated the necessity to have more GA, highlighting the recreational, ecological and touristic value of these spaces. It is concluded that the indicators of urban green areas showed that there are differences between the environmental conditions in both of the evaluated cities. In addition, the applicability of the indicators is feasible as an input for the sustainable environmental management of urban ecosystems.

scholarly journals The water needs of urban green areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Czesław Przybyła ◽  
Dariusz Kayzer ◽  
Radosław Gulczyński
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Ornamental Shrubs ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of the research was to evaluate the irrigation needs of urban green spaces in terms of automatic irrigation system. For this purpose, four research stations: two on the surface of shrubs and two on the lawn were founded. The analysis included two vegetation seasons in 2009 and 2010. To estimate the water requirements of the analyzed surfaces a method based on water balance was used. After comparison of simulation result with instrumental results, difference between soil water reserves was calculated. Normalized mean square error (NRMSE) for the post of ornamental shrubs during the vegetation season in 2009 was 0.80, and 2.76% for the lawn. However, in the same period in 2010, it was 0.21% for ornamental shrubs and 1.54% for the lawn. The assessment of the irrigation system for the whole operating period was based on indicators of effectiveness and efficiency of irrigation. The performance indicator of irrigation ranged from 83 to 100%, while the rate of irrigation efficiency from 87 to 100%. To assess the relationship between the components of the water balance multiple linear regression model was used. The analysis takes into account the impact of the many independent features on selected dependent feature. For this purpose the impact of temperature, humidity, initial retention in a balance layer, irrigation doses and natural precipitation on the water supply in the soil profiles was analyzed. As a result of the analyzes the size of a single dose of irrigation, in order to maintain a certain level of humidity for different surfaces of urban green areas, can be determined.

scholarly journals Complex Systems Thinking Approach to Urban Greenery to Provide Community-Tailored Solutions and Enhance the Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11787
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Menconi ◽  
Ambra Sipone ◽  
David Grohmann
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Open Networks ◽  
Urban Greenery ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Systems Thinking Approach ◽  
Green System

This paper presents a GIS-based method for supporting local administrations in the design of urban green areas while taking into account the complexity of the whole system. The proposed method merges the criteria of availability, accessibility, attractiveness, usability, and suitability in a multi-level approach (city, neighborhood green area) to assist in the selection of which services within green areas to enhance from those requested by citizens. The case study is an urban park in a medium-sized Italian city (Perugia). The results demonstrate that the available urban green spaces amount to 34.7 m2 per person, but only 24% of citizens have adequate access to a green area providing at least an adequate level of service, and 18% of them are without access to any appropriately equipped green area. Furthermore, citizens have limited knowledge of their city’s urban green system as a whole. Indeed, 41% of the requested services were already available in other accessible green areas with attractive and readily available dedicated equipment. These areas were suggested as alternative solutions. To achieve a complex systems approach, our results suggest observing similar systems with various and adaptable scales and studying them as open networks composed of heterogeneous internal and external variables.

Go greener, feel better? The positive effects of biodiversity on the well-being of individuals visiting urban and peri-urban green areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Carrus ◽  
Massimiliano Scopelliti ◽  
Raffaele Lafortezza ◽  
Giuseppe Colangelo ◽  
Francesco Ferrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas
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