scholarly journals New genetic and morphological evidence suggests a single hoaxer created ‘Piltdown man’

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 160328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle De Groote ◽  
Linus Girdland Flink ◽  
Rizwaan Abbas ◽  
Silvia M. Bello ◽  
Lucia Burgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Measurements ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Virtual Anthropology ◽  
Scientific Frauds

In 1912, palaeontologist Arthur Smith Woodward and amateur antiquarian and solicitor Charles Dawson announced the discovery of a fossil that supposedly provided a link between apes and humans: Eoanthropus dawsoni (Dawson's dawn man). The publication generated huge interest from scientists and the general public. However, ‘Piltdown man's’ initial celebrity has long been overshadowed by its subsequent infamy as one of the most famous scientific frauds in history. Our re-evaluation of the Piltdown fossils using the latest scientific methods (DNA analyses, high-precision measurements, spectroscopy and virtual anthropology) shows that it is highly likely that a single orang-utan specimen and at least two human specimens were used to create the fake fossils. The modus operandi was found consistent throughout the assemblage (specimens are stained brown, loaded with gravel fragments and restored using filling materials), linking all specimens from the Piltdown I and Piltdown II sites to a single forger—Charles Dawson. Whether Dawson acted alone is uncertain, but his hunger for acclaim may have driven him to risk his reputation and misdirect the course of anthropology for decades. The Piltdown hoax stands as a cautionary tale to scientists not to be led by preconceived ideas, but to use scientific integrity and rigour in the face of novel discoveries.

scholarly journals The Prevention of Hemorrhagic Stroke

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-373
Author(s):  
J. Raymond ◽  
JP Mohr ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Unruptured Aneurysms ◽  
The Face

There is currently no evidence that preventive treatment of unruptured aneurysms or AVMs is beneficial and randomized trials have been proposed to address this clinical uncertainty. Participation in a trial may necessitate a shift of point of view compared to a certain habitual clinical mentality. A review of the ethical and rational principles governing the design and realization of a trial may help integrate clinical research into expert clinical practices. The treatment of unruptured aneurysms and AVMs remains controversial, and data from observational studies cannot provide a normative basis for clinical decisions. Prevention targets healthy individuals and hence has an obligation of results. There is no opposition between the search for objective facts using scientific methods and the ethics of medical practice since a good practice cannot forbid physicians the means to define what could be beneficial to patients. Perhaps the most difficult task is to recognize the uncertainty that is crucial to allow resorting to trial methodology. The reasoning that is used in research and analysis differs from the casuistic methods typical of clinical work, but clinical judgement remains the dominant factor that decides both who enters the trial and to whom the results of the trial will apply. Randomization is still perceived as a difficult and strange method to integrate into normal practice, but in the face of uncertainty it assures the best chances for the best outcome to each participant. Some tension exists between scientific methods and normal practice, but they need to coexist if we are to progress at the same time we care for patients.

ASYMMETRIC INTERDEPENDENCE AS A BASIS FOR FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1477-1488
Author(s):  
R.V. Ozarnov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
The Face ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the study of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of financial and economic cooperation between countries at the present stage, as well as the features of financial and economic relations diversification in order to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries in the face of increasing global imbalances, increased volatility of world financial markets, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of this research is economic relations arising in the process of interaction between countries both on a bilateral basis and in a multilateral format. The paper deals with Russian-Chinese cooperation. On the one hand, the complementarity of the basic sectors of the economy of the two countries objectively contributes to increasing cooperation and trade. On the other hand, the asymmetric interdependence of Russia and its foreign trade partners, in particular China, contributes to the conservation of an archaic trade model based on Russian raw material export and Chinese manufacturing products. Methods for diversifying financial and economic relations are proposed, consisting in expanding the flows of foreign direct investment, using and developing technical and innovative progress, reducing transaction costs, trade and investment barriers, deepening Russian-Chinese cooperation within the BRICS, SCO and other organizations and expanding the scope of using national currencies in mutual settlements. The research is based on general scientific methods of cognition, such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, graphic interpretation of statistical information, time series. On the basis of the study, the author concluded that diversification of financial and economic relations helps to reduce the asymmetric interdependence of countries at the present stage. The novelty of the article lies in the substantiation of the phenomenon of asymmetric interdependence as a method for studying the problems and trends of financial and economic cooperation between countries, highlighting the drivers of diversification, which allows reducing asymmetric interdependence. On the basis of a comparative statistical analysis, the tendency of reorientation of Russia’s foreign economic activity towards Asian markets, in particular, the PRC market, has been confirmed.

The Face of the Contemporary: Lost World Fantasies of Finding Lot’s Wife

Sodomscapes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lowell Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Intercultural Contact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Incarnational Theology

Chapter six examines a relatively unknown Victorian lost-world romance fantasy, Alfred Clark’s The Finding of Lot’s Wife (1896). The novel converts the legend of Lot’s wife, traditionally a cautionary tale of moral turpitude, into a stark lesson on the perilous consequences of intercultural contact in the Orientalizing theatre of colonial Palestine. Clark’s central contribution to the Sodom archive, however, resides in the novel’s prescient staging of a world in which insights associated with Hans Blumenberg’s philosophical anthropology of myth converge with the theological residue in Levinas’s writings – notably, the self-emptying action of kenosis, which Levinas takes from Pauline incarnational theology. Clark is no theologian, but his interest in the ethical provocations of kenosis is as keen as Levinas’s—and perhaps more viscerally arresting because of its narrative immediacy. This feature powerfully contributes to the innovation The Finding of Lot’s Wife brings to the Sodom archive. Clark’s ingenious intertwining of Blumenbergian and Levinasian treatments of myth effectively imagines the urgent contemporariness of the legacy of Lot’s wife. Clark shows how the lethal and reparative dimensions of that legacy asymmetrically impinge on each other, producing an arresting narrative image of dread commingled with hope and urgent consequence.

scholarly journals Himalayan misconceptions and distortions: What are the facts?

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack D Ives
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Politics ◽  
Scientific Attention

Himalayan Delusions: Who’s kidding who and why — Science at the service of media, politics and the development agencies. EDITOR’S NOTE: Jack Ives’ article, drawn from his new book Himalayan Perceptions, is a cautionary tale that might almost be read as a gloss on Peter Weingart’s “Moment of truth for science” (see page 11-14). Ives begins by recounting the life and times of the “Theory of Himalayan Environmental Degradation,” a grossly exaggerated but convenient “theory of everything” that suited almost everybody’s agenda — from the media (always hungry for neatly packaged disaster scenarios), to the politicians (happy to point fingers conveniently away from their own failings), to the developers (ready and willing to focus their energies in the pleasant hills of Nepal rather than the steamy lowlands of Bangladesh and India), to the scientists (eager for fame and funding). True to Weingart’s prediction, there was a scientific reaction to the alarmist theories: the Mohonk Conference successfully rallied a generation of “montologists” to investigate critically the bases for predictions of Himalayan deforestation and subcontinental flooding. As a result, the theory was effectively debunked. Unfortunately, it seems to rear its head now and then — most notably in China. And, even more unfortunately, there seems to be a ready supply of successor theories. One media favorite is the impending catastrophic collapse of glacial lakes swollen by glaciers retreating in the face of global warming. Let’s hope that Weingart’s optimism is justified: melting glaciers and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) obviously deserve scientific attention. The question is, will the media and politicians pay any attention at all if researchers predict something less than a super-catastrophe? Himalayan Journal of Sciences 3(5) 2005 p.15-25

scholarly journals Green Energy in Ukraine: State, Public Demands, and Trends

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7745
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kuzior ◽  
Alla Lobanova ◽  
Liudmyla Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Face ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Sociological Studies

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze and address the challenges of implementing green energy in Ukraine, in particular, to identify its advantages and disadvantages. The implementation of solar renewable sources—stations, panels, and batteries—is emphasized. The results of sociological surveys of Ukrainian public opinion on environmental issues, in particular, energy issues, are presented. The existence of public demand for renewable energy and the readiness of the population to use renewable energy sources are identified. A strategy for strengthening the country’s energy independence in the face of new globalization challenges is defined. General scientific methods as well as special methods were used in this paper: statistical analysis, secondary analysis of data from sociological studies of public institutions, and desk analysis of documents and reports from public services. In this paper, it is concluded that Ukraine is geographically and territorially attractive for green energy development and investment. It is important that there is a public and state demand in the country to strengthen the country’s energy security, in particular, through the introduction of renewable energy sources. Therefore, despite drawbacks and obstacles, green energy in Ukraine has great prospects.

scholarly journals Lateralization (handedness) in Magellanic penguins

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Stor ◽  
Ginger A. Rebstock ◽  
Pablo García Borboroglu ◽  
P. Dee Boersma
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Brain Lateralization ◽  
Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽  
Magellanic Penguins ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Side Preference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Lateralization, or asymmetry in form and/or function, is found in many animal species. Brain lateralization is considered adaptive for an individual, and often results in “handedness,” “footedness,” or a side preference, manifest in behavior and morphology. We tested for lateralization in several behaviors in a wild population of Magellanic penguins Spheniscus magellanicus breeding at Punta Tombo, Argentina. We found no preferred foot in the population (each penguin observed once) in stepping up onto an obstacle: 53% stepped up with the right foot, 47% with the left foot (n = 300, binomial test p = 0.27). We found mixed evidence for a dominant foot when a penguin extended a foot for thermoregulation, possibly depending on the ambient temperature (each penguin observed once). Penguins extended the right foot twice as often as the left foot (n = 121, p < 0.0005) in 2 years when we concentrated our effort during the heat of the day. In a third year when we observed penguins early and late in the day, there was no preference (n = 232, p = 0.59). Penguins use their flippers for swimming, including searching for and chasing prey. We found morphological evidence of a dominant flipper in individual adults: 60.5% of sternum keels curved one direction or the other (n = 76 sterna from carcasses), and 11% of penguins had more feather wear on one flipper than the other (n = 1217). Right-flippered and left-flippered penguins were equally likely in both samples (keels: p = 0.88, feather wear: p = 0.26), indicating individual but not population lateralization. In fights, aggressive penguins used their left eyes preferentially, consistent with the right side of the brain controlling aggression. Penguins that recently fought (each penguin observed once) were twice as likely to have blood only on the right side of the face (69%) as only on the left side (31%, n = 175, p < 0.001). The proportion of penguins with blood only on the right side increased with the amount of blood. In most fights, the more aggressive penguin used its left eye and attacked the other penguin’s right side. Lateralization depended on the behavior tested and, in thermoregulation, likely on the temperature. We found no lateralization or mixed results in the population of Magellanic penguins in three individual behaviors, stepping up, swimming, and thermoregulation. We found lateralization in the population in the social behavior fighting.

Why non-Muslims subscribe to Islamic banking?

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Buerhan Saiti ◽  
Abubakar Aliyu Ardo ◽  
Ibrahim Guran Yumusak
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Face ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Potential Benefits

Purpose Islamic finance has exhibited immense potential to transform the global financial landscape in the recent years. In reaction to the trend, Nigeria introduced Islamic banking system to cater to the need of the teeming population and promote financial inclusion, among other potential benefits. Unfortunately, the notable growth recorded by the banks since the inception of the Islamic banking system is slowing down because of religiously induced sentiments and criticisms championed by certain non-Muslim segments of the society. Interestingly, even with the impish hype and publicity, non-Muslims make a significant customer base of the Islamic banks. Therefore, the current paper aims to investigate the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers, using the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach This research adopts a positivist approach and relies on facts and quantitative data in an objective manner. Positivism emphasizes on using scientific methods to derive factual and quantifiable results. Findings Based on the regression analysis, subjective norm was found to be the most significant factor influencing the choice of Islamic banking followed by perceived behavioural control and attitude. As a result, it is important for Islamic banking institutions and relevant regulatory agencies to take preemptive measures that may protect and enhance these factors in a bid to promote patronage and eventual success of Islamic banking in Nigeria, especially in the face of growing scepticism. Originality/value The existing literature focuses on the choices of either Muslims without due emphasis on the determinant of choice in the case of non-Muslim customers. The growing support of Islamic banking products, cutting across religious divides, compels research on the factors that influence the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers. Hence, this research seeks to bridge the gap in the existing literature by embarking on an investigation into the factors influencing the choice of Islamic banking among non-Muslim customers in the context of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Contrasting molecular and morphological evidence for the identification of an anomalousButeo: a cautionary tale for hybrid diagnosis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2850 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Clark ◽  
Spencer C. Galen ◽  
Joshua M. Hull ◽  
Megan A. Mayo ◽  
Christopher C. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
Buteo Jamaicensis ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Rare Genetic Variation ◽  
The University ◽  
Fisheries Biology

An adultButeowas found dead as a road-kill south of Sacramento, California, and was thought to represent the first state record of the eastern Red-shouldered Hawk (B. lineatus lineatus;). It is now a specimen in the Museum of Wildlife and Fisheries Biology (WFB 4816) at the University of California, Davis. We examined this specimen and found that many of its plumage characters differed from all other adult Red-shouldered Hawks examined, including nominate adults. Plumage markings and measurements were intermediate between Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis,sspcalurus) and Red-shouldered Hawk (sspelegans), leading us to hypothesize that the bird was a hybrid. However, mtDNA sequences and nuDNA microsatellites proved definitively that the bird was a Red-shouldered Hawk, most likely of eastern origin. This case illustrates that apparent hybrids or apparent vagrants could be individuals with anomalous phenotypes caused by rare genetic variation or novel epigenetic effects.

scholarly journals Desenleio: Espaços e entremeios de acesso à leitura

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Ochi Flexor ◽  
Cleomar De Sousa Rocha ◽  
Olira Saraiva Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Media ◽  
And Storage

A proposta deste artigo é destrinçar questões que abordem configurações de bibliotecas contemporâneas, diante do contexto da cultura digital, com a compreensão de características multissensoriais e de fluxo e conexão, frente às inovações tecnológicas. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica em uma abordagem qualitativa, versar sob o modus operandi que conduz a biblioteca contemporânea à superação de sua própria delimitação espaço-temporal, diante do aspecto multissensorial das mídias nos processos comunicacionais, bem como os modos de acesso, compartilhamento e armazenamento ao objeto exposto à leitura.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to identify issues that approach contemporary library configurations, in the content of digital culture, with the understanding of multisensory characteristics and flow and connection, in the face of technological innovations. Through a bibliographical research in a qualitative approach, to study under the modus operandi that leads the contemporary library to overcoming its own space-temporal delimitation, in face of the multisensorial aspect of the media in the communicational processes, as well as the modes of access, sharing and storage to the object to read.

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