scholarly journals Unravelling the life history of Amazonian fishes through otolith microchemistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 160206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Hermann ◽  
Donald J. Stewart ◽  
Karin E. Limburg ◽  
Leandro Castello
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Nursery Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migratory Strategies

Amazonian fishes employ diverse migratory strategies, but the details of these behaviours remain poorly studied despite numerous environmental threats and heavy commercial exploitation of many species. Otolith microchemistry offers a practical, cost-effective means of studying fish life history in such a system. This study employed a multi-method, multi-elemental approach to elucidate the migrations of five Amazonian fishes: two ‘sedentary’ species ( Arapaima sp. and Plagioscion squamosissimus ), one ‘floodplain migrant’ ( Prochilodus nigricans ) and two long-distance migratory catfishes ( Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii and B. filamentosum ). The Sr : Ca and Zn : Ca patterns in Arapaima were consistent with its previously observed sedentary life history, whereas Sr : Ca and Mn : Ca indicated that Plagioscion may migrate among multiple, chemically distinct environments during different life-history stages. Mn : Ca was found to be potentially useful as a marker for identifying Prochilodus 's transition from its nursery habitats into black water. Sr : Ca and Ba : Ca suggested that B. rousseauxii resided in the Amazon estuary for the first 1.5–2 years of life, shown by the simultaneous increase/decrease of otolith Sr : Ca/Ba : Ca, respectively. Our results further suggested that B. filamentosum did not enter the estuary during its life history. These results introduce what should be a productive line of research desperately needed to better understand the migrations of these unique and imperilled fishes.

Needle Technology for Insulin Administration: A Century of Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 193229682110595
Author(s):  
Lutz Heinemann ◽  
Trung Nguyen ◽  
Timothy S. Bailey ◽  
Ahmed Hassoun ◽  
Bernd Kulzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Insulin Delivery ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Injection Technology

Innovations in syringe and pen needle (PN) technology over the last 100 years have led to important advances in insulin delivery for people with diabetes, paralleling the strides made in developing recombinant DNA human insulin and insulin analogs with varying onset and duration of action. In this review, the history of advances in insulin delivery is described, focusing on progress in syringe, needle, and PN technologies. The early glass and metal syringes that required sterilization by boiling have been replaced by disposable, single-use syringes or pens with clear labeling for precise insulin dosing. The early needles ranging in length from 19 to 26 mm that required manual sharpening against a whetstone have been replaced by syringe needles of 6 mm and PNs of 4 mm in length as slender as 34 gauge. Imaging studies using ultrasound and computed tomography measured the thickness of skin and subcutaneous tissue layers to show feasibility of targeted insulin administration with shorter needles. These developments, coupled with innovations in needle/PN wall and tip structure, have led to improved injection experience for people with diabetes. It is also important to acknowledge the role of injection technique education, together with these advances in injection technology, for improving clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. With continued projected growth of diabetes prevalence, particularly in developing countries where expensive and complex insulin delivery systems may not be practical, insulin syringes and pens will continue to serve as reliable and cost-effective means of insulin delivery for people with diabetes.

Frog in the Pond: Gökçeada (Imbros), an Aegean Stepping-stone in the Chalcolithic use of Spondylus Shell

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 363-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Baysal ◽  
Burçin Erdoğu
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
White Marble ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Culture Production

The use of marine shells in the manufacture of bracelets and beads is a well-attested phenomenon of the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods of Western Anatolia, the Aegean, and the Balkans. The site of Gökçeada-Uğurlu, located on an island in the Aegean between mainland Europe and Anatolia, shows evidence for the manufacture and use of bracelets and beads from Spondylus and Glycymeris shell. This use of personal ornamentation ties the site into one of the widest material culture production and trade networks of the prehistoric period. This article explores the possible role of, and influences on, an island site within the wider context of long-distance exchange. The life history of shell products is investigated, showing that a bracelet may have gone through processes of transformation in order to remain in use. The article also questions whether there was a relationship between the use of marine shell and white marble from which similar products were manufactured in contemporary contexts. In its conclusions the article addresses the value of materials and of the personal ornaments they were used to make.

Connectivity in the early life history of sandeel inferred from otolith microchemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona M. Gibb ◽  
Thomas Régnier ◽  
Kirsty Donald ◽  
Peter J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
History Of

Laboratory Observations On the Life History of the Isopod Sphaeroma Quadridentatum Say, 1818

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty Borowsky
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
History Of

AbstractAdult Sphaeroma quadridentatum were maintained in the laboratory for up to tcn months. It was found that males exhibit terminal molts, but females continue to molt until they die. Mature females alternate reproductive and resting intermolt periods, and these periods are characterized by distinct oostegite morphologies. Immature females have small rounded oostegites; brooding females have large, overlapping oostegites, and females in the resting stage have small oostegites with arrow-shaped, angled tips. Amplexus only precedes a reproductive molt, but is not a prerequisite for fertilization. Copulation occurs in the interval between the female's shedding the posterior and anterior parts of the exoskeleton. Brood sizes ranged from 14 to 67, x = 33.7±11.3. Offspring were cultured to maturity in the laboratory, but this took as long as five months, and there was a mortality rate of 48%. Given the relatively lengthy time to maturity, and the relatively high rate of juvenile mortality, culturing this species for use in bioassays is not cost-effective.

scholarly journals The demise of mass migration of the Brown Awl Badamia exclamationis (Fabricius 1775) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae): a consequence of land clearing in Queensland?

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Species Loss ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The impacts of human activities on the environment are frequently measured by reference to habitat loss or the successive listing of species as extinct or threatened with extinction. There is another measure of disturbance that relates to significant behavioural change that may fall short, at least for the moment, of species loss. Brower and Malcolm (1991) first drew attention to this new conservation theme of "endangered phenomena". They defined an endangered phenomenon as a "spectacular aspect of the life history of an animal or plant species involving a large number of individuals that is threatened with impoverishment or demise". In this paper the apparent decline of seasonal long-distance migration in a skipper butterfly, the Brown Awl Badamia exclamationis is documented and linked to large scale vegetation clearing in Queensland.

scholarly journals Life history of American eel Anguilla rostrata: new insights from otolith microchemistry

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
BM Jessop ◽  
DK Cairns ◽  
I Thibault ◽  
WN Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
American Eel ◽  
History Of

Life history of anadromous burbot (Lota lota, Linneaus) in the brackish Baltic Sea inferred from otolith microchemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehis Rohtla ◽  
Markus Vetemaa ◽  
Imre Taal ◽  
Roland Svirgsden ◽  
Kristjan Urtson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Lota Lota ◽  
History Of
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