scholarly journals Artificial light on water attracts turtle hatchlings during their near shore transit

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 160142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Thums ◽  
Scott D. Whiting ◽  
Julia Reisser ◽  
Kellie L. Pendoley ◽  
Charitha B. Pattiaratchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Current Speed ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Near Shore

We examined the effect of artificial light on the near shore trajectories of turtle hatchlings dispersing from natal beaches. Green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ) hatchlings were tagged with miniature acoustic transmitters and their movements tracked within an underwater array of 36 acoustic receivers placed in the near shore zone. A total of 40 hatchlings were tracked, 20 of which were subjected to artificial light during their transit of the array. At the same time, we measured current speed and direction, which were highly variable within and between experimental nights and treatments. Artificial lighting affected hatchling behaviour, with 88% of individual trajectories oriented towards the light and spending, on average, 23% more time in the 2.25 ha tracking array (19.5 ± 5 min) than under ambient light conditions (15.8 ± 5 min). Current speed had little to no effect on the bearing (angular direction) of the hatchling tracks when artificial light was present, but under ambient conditions it influenced the bearing of the tracks when current direction was offshore and above speeds of approximately 32.5 cm s −1 . This is the first experimental evidence that wild turtle hatchlings are attracted to artificial light after entering the ocean, a behaviour that is likely to subject them to greater risk of predation. The experimental protocol described in this study can be used to assess the effect of anthropogenic (light pollution, noise, etc.) and natural (wave action, current, wind, moonlight) influences on the in-water movements of sea turtle hatchlings during the early phase of dispersal.

Structural description of sea turtle fibropapilloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-591
Author(s):  
Luana Melo ◽  
Isabel Velasco ◽  
Julia Aquino ◽  
Rosangela Rodrigues ◽  
Edris Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Turtle ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Chemical Carcinogens ◽  
Epidermal Proliferation ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
Bulky Mass

Fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease that affects sea turtles. It is characterized by multiple papillomas, fibropapillomas and cutaneous and/or visceral fibromas. Although its etiology has not been fully elucidated, it is known that there is a strong involvement of an alpha - herpesvirus, but the influence of other factors such as parasites, genetics, chemical carcinogens, contaminants, immunosuppression and ultraviolet radiation may be important in the disease, being pointed out as one of the main causes of a reduction in the green turtle population. Thus, the objective of this article was to describe the morphology of cutaneous fibropapillomas found in specimens of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), using light and scanning electron microscopy in order to contribute to the mechanism of tumor formation. Microscopically, it presented hyperplastic stromal proliferation and epidermal proliferation with hyperkeratosis. The bulky mass was coated with keratin, with some keratinocyte invaginations, that allowed the keratin to infiltrate from the epidermis into the dermis, forming large keratinized circular spirals. Another fact that we observed was the influence of the inflammation of the tumors caused by ectoparasites.

The Effect of Invertebrate Infestation on Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Nests on Kazanlı Beach, Mersın, Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-256
Author(s):  
Cemil Aymak ◽  
Aşkın Hasan Uçar ◽  
Yusuf Katılmış ◽  
Eyup Başkale ◽  
Serap Ergene
Keyword(s):  
Green Turtle ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nesting Season

In this study invertebrate infestation in green turtle (Chelonia mydas) nests were recorded for the first time for Kazanlı beach, Mersin, Turkey. For this aim, in 2006 nesting season, 294 natural intact green turtle nests were sampled to examine their contents and invertebrate infestation was found in 76 (25.85% of the total sampling green turtle nests). These infested nests were examined in terms of the invertebrate faunal composition. The specimens found in the green sea turtle nests were identified to order, family or genus levels and they were represented in 5 orders. These invertebrate groups are Elater sp. larvae (Elateridae; Coleoptera), Pimelia sp. larvae (Tenebrionidae; Coleoptera), Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta), Cyrptostigmata (Acari), Oniscidae (Isopoda), Formicidae (Hymenoptera). Elater sp. was the most common invertebrate group in the green turtle nests. According to student t test, we found statistically significant differences between 7 independent variables and invertebrate species presence. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis explained that there is a negative relationship between hatching success rate and invertebrate species presence.

scholarly journals Plasma proteomics of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) reveals pathway shifts and potential biomarker candidates associated with health and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David P Marancik ◽  
Justin R Perrault ◽  
Lisa M Komoroske ◽  
Jamie A Stoll ◽  
Kristina N Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract Evaluating sea turtle health can be challenging due to an incomplete understanding of pathophysiologic responses in these species. Proteome characterization of clinical plasma samples can provide insights into disease progression and prospective biomarker targets. A TMT-10-plex-LC–MS/MS platform was used to characterize the plasma proteome of five, juvenile, green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and compare qualitative and quantitative protein changes during moribund and recovered states. The 10 plasma samples yielded a total of 670 unique proteins. Using ≥1.2-fold change in protein abundance as a benchmark for physiologic upregulation or downregulation, 233 (34.8%) were differentially regulated in at least one turtle between moribund and recovered states. Forty-six proteins (6.9%) were differentially regulated in all five turtles with two proteins (0.3%) demonstrating a statistically significant change. A principle component analysis showed protein abundance loosely clustered between moribund samples or recovered samples and for turtles that presented with trauma (n = 3) or as intestinal floaters (n = 2). Gene Ontology terms demonstrated that moribund samples were represented by a higher number of proteins associated with blood coagulation, adaptive immune responses and acute phase response, while recovered turtle samples included a relatively higher number of proteins associated with metabolic processes and response to nutrients. Abundance levels of 48 proteins (7.2%) in moribund samples significantly correlated with total protein, albumin and/or globulin levels quantified by biochemical analysis. Differentially regulated proteins identified with immunologic and physiologic functions are discussed for their possible role in the green turtle pathophysiologic response and for their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers. These findings enhance our ability to interpret sea turtle health and further progress conservation, research and rehabilitation programs for these ecologically important species.

The impact of fibropapillomatosis on clinical characteristics, blood gas, plasma biochemistry, and hematological profiles in juvenile green turtles ( Chelonia mydas)

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-734
Author(s):  
Tsung-Hsien Li ◽  
Chao-Chin Chang
Keyword(s):  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor- forming disease that afflicts all marine turtles and is the most common in green turtles (Chelonia mydas). In this study, the morphometric characteristics, blood gas, biochemistry, and hematological profiles of 28 (6 FP-positive and 22 FP-negative) green turtles from the coast of Taiwan were investigated. The results indicated that body weight ( P < 0.001) and curved carapace length (CCL; P < 0.001) in green turtles with FP were significantly higher than in turtles without FP. Furthermore, green turtles with FP had a significantly lower value of hemoglobin (HB; P = 0.010) and packed cell volume (PCV; P = 0.005) than turtles without FP. Blood cell counts of white blood cells (WBC; P = 0.008) and lymphocytes ( P = 0.022) were observed with significant difference; green turtles with FP had lower counts than turtles without FP. In addition, turtles with FP had significantly higher pH ( P = 0.036), base excess in extracellular fluid (BEecf; P = 0.012), bicarbonate (HCO3– ; P = 0.008), and total carbon dioxide (TCO2 ; P = 0.025) values than turtles without FP. The findings of this study provide valuable clinical parameters for the medical care of the species in sea turtle rehabilitation centers and help us to understand the physiological response of green turtles to different tumor-forming conditions.

Wavelength-dependent temporal properties of retinal horizontal cells in turtles

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (05) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Dvorak ◽  
A.M. Granda
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Maximum Amplitude ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Horizontal Cells ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Pseudemys Scripta

AbstractElectrical reponses of luminosity horizontal cells (L cells) to monochromatic stimuli were analyzed by intracellular recordings in the retinas of the freshwater turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) and of the sea turtle (Chelonia mydas mydas). Light intensity, duration, and wavelength were varied to assess temporal effects. For a given intensity of monochromatic light, response amplitude increased with stimulus duration until maximum amplitude occurred at a specific duration. This suprathreshold metric of temporal integration is calledhere summation time, and it is wavelength-dependent.L cells always had some level of red-sensitive cone input, although in some cells inputs from green- and blue-sensitive cones were also observed. For these latter cells, summation times were shorter for 640-nm than for 540-nm or 450-nm lights. These results were most evident in cells that received dominant inputs from blue- or green-sensitive cones.Responses of some other L cells were almost completely dominated by inputs from red-sensitive cones. Summation times of these cells were not wavelength-dependent. But when these inputs also included green-sensitive cones, shorter summation times were obtained to 640-nm light than to 540-nm light, even though dominant inputs were still from red-sensitive cones. These results, obtained from both retinal and 3,4-dehydroretinal photopigment systems, are consistent with reported observations inPseudemys scripta elegansthat show linear responses of red-sensitive cones to have shorterintegration times and times-to-peakthan green-sensitive cones.Responses from horizontal cells dominated by blue-sensitive cone inputs were the most sensitive of all; they also had the longest summation times. These results support the hypothesis that a gain in sensitivity occurs from the integration of absorbed photons over longer periods of time.These intracellular responses are of particular importance because behavioral critical durations in turtle, as defined by Bloch&amp;'s law, are similarly wavelength-dependent.

Immunological studies with the gonadotropins and their subunits from the green sea turtle Chelonia mydas

1977 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Licht ◽  
Duncan S. MacKenzie ◽  
Harold Papkoff ◽  
Susan Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Sea Turtle ◽  
Green Sea Turtle

scholarly journals The strategy of creating highly productive forms of radish, adapted for cultivation under artificial light conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kochetov ◽  
N. G. Sinyavina
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
First And Second Generation ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Different Origin

The strategy of creating new radish forms adapted for cultivation under artificial lighting was developed and implemented. It was based on the original methodology of obtaining transgressive forms of various cultures with a predictable complex of economically valuable properties. Plants were grown in controlled conditions, under incandescent lamps DNAZ-400 (12 hours photoperiod, irradiation of 40-60 W/m2 PAR), in a small volume of the root medium. At the first stage, the intraspecific diversity of radish (26 varieties of different origin) under artificial lighting has been studied. Differences between varieties were determined for the complex of selective-valuable characteristics (early maturity, productivity, morphological characteristics). The most productive varieties are revealed, as well as varieties donors of economically valuable properties that are realized under artificial lighting at a short day and high temperature. Parent pairs have been selected for the subsequent receipt of highly productive transgressive forms using the original breeding methodology. The evaluation of hybrids of the first and second generation showed the presence of heterosis on the mass of the root up to 230% in various combinations of hybridization and revealed promising transgressive forms.

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