scholarly journals Ubiquitin–proteasome system and the role of its inhibitors in cancer therapy

Open Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Aliabadi ◽  
Beheshteh Sohrabi ◽  
Ebrahim Mostafavi ◽  
Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Tumour Suppressor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Despite all the other cells that have the potential to prevent cancer development and metastasis through tumour suppressor proteins, cancer cells can upregulate the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) by which they can degrade tumour suppressor proteins and avoid apoptosis. This system plays an extensive role in cell regulation organized in two steps. Each step has an important role in controlling cancer. This demonstrates the importance of understanding UPS inhibitors and improving these inhibitors to foster a new hope in cancer therapy. UPS inhibitors, as less invasive chemotherapy drugs, are increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of various cancers in malignant states. Despite their success in reducing the development of cancer with the lowest side effects, thus far, an appropriate inhibitor that can effectively inactivate this system with the least drug resistance has not yet been fully investigated. A fundamental understanding of the system is necessary to fully elucidate its role in causing/controlling cancer. In this review, we first comprehensively investigate this system, and then each step containing ubiquitination and protein degradation as well as their inhibitors are discussed. Ultimately, its advantages and disadvantages and some perspectives for improving the efficiency of these inhibitors are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Primary Cilia in the Crosstalk between the Ubiquitin–Proteasome System and Autophagy

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Wiegering ◽  
Ulrich Rüther ◽  
Christoph Gerhardt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Novel Studies ◽  
Safety Mechanism ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Protein degradation is a pivotal process for eukaryotic development and homeostasis. The majority of proteins are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome system and by autophagy. Recent studies describe a crosstalk between these two main eukaryotic degradation systems which allows for establishing a kind of safety mechanism. If one of these degradation systems is hampered, the other compensates for this defect. The mechanism behind this crosstalk is poorly understood. Novel studies suggest that primary cilia, little cellular protrusions, are involved in the regulation of the crosstalk between the two degradation systems. In this review article, we summarise the current knowledge about the association between cilia, the ubiquitin–proteasome system and autophagy.

Aurora Kinase Inhibitors in Head and Neck Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Guangying Qi ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Sisi Mi ◽  
Takaaki Tsunematsu ◽  
Shengjian Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Aurora Kinases ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Aurora Kinase Inhibitors

Aurora kinases are a group of serine/threonine kinases responsible for the regulation of mitosis. In recent years, with the increase in Aurora kinase-related research, the important role of Aurora kinases in tumorigenesis has been gradually recognized. Aurora kinases have been regarded as a new target for cancer therapy, resulting in the development of Aurora kinase inhibitors. The study and application of these small-molecule inhibitors, especially in combination with chemotherapy drugs, represent a new direction in cancer treatment. This paper reviews studies on Aurora kinases from recent years, including studies of their biological function, their relationship with tumor progression, and their inhibitors.

Imaging of Pancreatic-Neuroendocrine Tumours: An Outline of Conventional Radiological Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Affan Zamir ◽  
Wasim Hakim ◽  
Siraj Yusuf ◽  
Robert Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours ◽  
Direct Management ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Similar Imaging

IIntroduction: Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours (p-NETs) are an important disease entity and comprise of peptide-secreting tumours often with a functional syndrome. : Accounting for a small percentage of all pancreatic tumours, they have a good overall survival rate when diagnosed early, with surgery being curative. The role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of these tumours is evident. However, the vast majority of patients will require extensive imaging in the form of conventional radiological techniques. It is important for clinicians to have a fundamental understanding of the p-NET appearances to aid prompt identification and to help direct management through neoplastic staging. Methods: This article will review the advantages and disadvantages of conventional radiological techniques in the context of p-NETs and highlight features that these tumours exhibit. Conclusion: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours are a unique collection of neoplasms that have markedly disparate clinical features but similar imaging characteristics. Most p-NETs are small and welldefined with homogenous enhancement following contrast administration, although larger and less welldifferentiated tumours can demonstrate areas of necrosis and cystic architecture with heterogeneous enhancement characteristics. : Prognosis is generally favourable for these tumours with various treatment options available. However, conventional radiological techniques will remain the foundation for the initial diagnosis and staging of these tumours, and a grasp of these modalities is extremely important for physicians.

scholarly journals TTC3-Mediated Protein Quality Control, A Potential Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhou ◽  
Xiongjin Chen ◽  
Tingting Hong ◽  
Miaoping Zhang ◽  
Yujie Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Quality Control ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Repeat Domain ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Domain 3

AbstractThe tetrapeptide repeat domain 3 (TTC3) gene falls within Down's syndrome (DS) critical region. Cognitive impairment is a common phenotype of DS and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and overexpression of TTC3 can accelerate cognitive decline, but the specific mechanism is unknown. The TTC3-mediated protein quality control (PQC) mechanism, similar to the PQC system, is divided into three parts: it acts as a cochaperone to assist proteins in folding correctly; it acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3s) involved in protein degradation processes through the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS); and it may also eventually cause autophagy by affecting mitochondrial function. Thus, this article reviews the research progress on the structure, function, and metabolism of TTC3, including the recent research progress on TTC3 in DS and AD; the role of TTC3 in cognitive impairment through PQC in combination with the abovementioned attributes of TTC3; and the potential targets of TTC3 in the treatment of such diseases.

Beta-Blocker Attenuates Cardiotoxicity Related Anthracycline Usage

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Therapy Effectiveness ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents

To summarize the recent trials and studies of the role of beta-blocker on the treatment for cancer patients treated with anthracycline to decrease morbidity and mortality rate. Good management of cancer will result in large numbers of cancer survivors. On the other hand, cancer therapy also has side effects, one of which is cardiotoxicity. Cardiotoxicity could reduce therapy effectiveness, hence, increase disease progression and mortality rate. Anthracyclines is one of the chemotherapy agents with cardiotoxicity as a side effect. Beta-blocker has the ability to reduce cardiotoxicity due to anthracyclines usage. Keywords: Beta-blocker; Cardiotoxicity; Anthracyclines

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE MODEL OF STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK UNDER CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Olena Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Further Development

The article deals with the development of the model of students’ independent work under conditions of distance learning. The importance of the research into this problem is determined, on the one hand, by the growing possibilities of using various information technologies and, on the other hand by the necessity to adapt to the conditions of today’s world where independent work of students is becoming increasingly important. The advantages and disadvantages of distance learning have been explored. The author studied the role of independent work in the formation of the professional competences of students. The issue of modeling in the area of education has been tackled. The approaches to the development of the model of independent work have been identified and analyzed. The components of the model, such as the goal, the tasks, the content, the methods, the means and evaluation of results have been determined and characterized. The prospects of further development of this research are related to the exploration of models of independent work of students majoring in different areas.

Another look at phenolic compounds in cancer therapy the effect of polyphenols on ubiquitin-proteasome system

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 291-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Golonko ◽  
Tomasz Pienkowski ◽  
Renata Swislocka ◽  
Ryszard Lazny ◽  
Marek Roszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

Protein Quality Control in Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yasmeena Akhter ◽  
Jahangir Nabi ◽  
Hinna Hamid ◽  
Nahida Tabassum ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Quality Control ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Security System ◽  
Conformational Disorders ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Multi Level

Proteostasis is essential for regulating the integrity of the proteome. Disruption of proteostasis under some rigorous conditions leads to the aggregation and accumulation of misfolded toxic proteins, which plays a central role in the pathogenesis of protein conformational disorders. The protein quality control (PQC) system serves as a multi-level security system to shield cells from abnormal proteins. The intrinsic PQC systems maintaining proteostasis include the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), and autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) that serve to target misfolded proteins for unfolding, refolding, or degradation. Alterations of PQC systems in neurons have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. This chapter provides an overview of PQC pathways to set a framework for discussion of the role of PQC in neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, various pharmacological approaches targeting PQC are summarized.

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