scholarly journals Planar cell polarity in the larval epidermis of Drosophila and the role of microtubules

Open Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 200290
Author(s):  
Stefano Pietra ◽  
KangBo Ng ◽  
Peter A. Lawrence ◽  
José Casal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Intercellular Bridges ◽  
Gradient Model

We investigate planar cell polarity (PCP) in the Drosophila larval epidermis. The intricate pattern of denticles depends on only one system of PCP, the Dachsous/Fat system. Dachsous molecules in one cell bind to Fat molecules in a neighbour cell to make intercellular bridges. The disposition and orientation of these Dachsous–Fat bridges allows each cell to compare two neighbours and point its denticles towards the neighbour with the most Dachsous. Measurements of the amount of Dachsous reveal a peak at the back of the anterior compartment of each segment. Localization of Dachs and orientation of ectopic denticles help reveal the polarity of every cell. We discuss whether these findings support our gradient model of Dachsous activity. Several groups have proposed that Dachsous and Fat fix the direction of PCP via oriented microtubules that transport PCP proteins to one side of the cell. We test this proposition in the larval cells and find that most microtubules grow perpendicularly to the axis of PCP. We find no meaningful bias in the polarity of microtubules aligned close to that axis. We also reexamine published data from the pupal abdomen and find no evidence supporting the hypothesis that microtubular orientation draws the arrow of PCP.

scholarly journals Planar cell polarity in the larval epidermis of Drosophila and the role of microtubules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pietra ◽  
KangBo Ng ◽  
Peter A. Lawrence ◽  
José Casal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Anterior Compartment ◽  
Gradient Model

ABSTRACTWe investigate the mechanisms of planar cell polarity (PCP) in the Drosophila larva. The epidermis displays an intricate pattern of polarity and is excellent for the study of one system of PCP, the Dachsous/Fat system; partly because the Starry Night/Frizzled system plays no discernable role in the larva. Measurements of the amount of Dachsous reveal a peak near the rear of the anterior compartment. Localisation of Dachs and orientation of ectopic denticles reveal the polarity of every cell in the segment. We discuss how well these findings evidence our gradient model of Dachsous activity. Several groups have proposed that Dachsous and Fat fix the direction of PCP via oriented microtubules that transport PCP proteins to one side of the cell. We test this proposition in the larval cells and find that most microtubules grow perpendicularly to the axis of PCP. We find no meaningful bias in the polarity of those microtubules aligned close to that axis. We also reexamine published data from the pupal abdomen and fail to find evidence supporting the hypothesis that microtubular orientation draws the arrow of PCP.

Role of the planar cell polarity pathway in regulating ectopic hair cell-like cells induced by Math1 and testosterone treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 1615 ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-yu Yang ◽  
Kai Jin ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Juan-mei Yang ◽  
Wen-wei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity Pathway

Shaping the nervous system: role of the core planar cell polarity genes

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 525-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadel Tissir ◽  
André M. Goffinet
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
The Core

scholarly journals Developmental role of plk4 in Xenopus laevis and Danio rerio: implications for Seckel Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace Elaine Rapchak ◽  
Neeraj Patel ◽  
John Hudson ◽  
Michael Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Planar Cell Polarity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Otic Vesicle ◽  
Seckel Syndrome ◽  
Brain Expression

The polo-like kinases are a family of conserved serine/threonine kinases that play multiple roles in regulation of the cell cycle. Unlike its four other family members, the role of Plk4 in embryonic development has not been well characterized. In mice, Plk4−/− embryos arrest at E7.5, just prior to the initiation of somitogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that Plk4 expression may be essential to somitogenesis. Recently characterized human mutations lead to Seckel Syndrome. Riboprobe in situ hybridization revealed that plk4 is ubiquitously expressed during early stages of development of Xenopus and Danio; in later stages, expression in frogs restricts to somites as well as eye, otic vesicle, and branchial arch, and brain. Expression patterns in fish remain ubiquitous. Both somite and eye development require planar cell polarity, and disruption of plk4 function in frog by means of morpholino-mediated translational knockdown yields orientational disorganization of both these structures. These results provide the first steps in defining a new role for plk4 in organogenesis and implies a role in planar cell polarity, segmentation, and in recently described PLK4 mutations in human.

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