scholarly journals Notch signalling in T cell homeostasis and differentiation

Open Biology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 190187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D. Brandstadter ◽  
Ivan Maillard
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Notch Signalling ◽  
T Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Notch Signalling Pathway ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
And Function

The evolutionarily conserved Notch signalling pathway regulates the differentiation and function of mature T lymphocytes with major context-dependent consequences in host defence, autoimmunity and alloimmunity. The emerging effects of Notch signalling in T cell responses build upon a more established role for Notch in T cell development. Here, we provide a critical review of this burgeoning literature to make sense of what has been learned so far and highlight the experimental strategies that have been most useful in gleaning physiologically relevant information. We outline the functional consequences of Notch signalling in mature T cells in addition to key specific Notch ligand–receptor interactions and downstream molecular signalling pathways. Our goal is to help clarify future directions for this expanding body of work and the best approaches to answer important open questions.

scholarly journals Apigenin: Selective CK2 inhibitor increases Ikaros expression and improves T cell homeostasis and function in murine pancreatic cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0170197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Nelson ◽  
Karoly Szekeres ◽  
Cristina Iclozan ◽  
Ivannie Ortiz Rivera ◽  
Andrew McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ck2 Inhibitor

scholarly journals Dynamic structural cell responses in the thymus to acute injury, regeneration, and age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz L Jahn ◽  
Anastasia I Kousa ◽  
Lisa Sikkema ◽  
Angel E Flores ◽  
Kimon V Argyropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Thymic Function ◽  
Structural Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
And Function ◽  
Old Mice

The thymus, the primary site of T cell development, is extremely sensitive to insult but also harbors tremendous capacity for repair. Using single cell sequencing of thymic structural cells, as well as functional and structural analyses, we revealed distinct regenerative programs by endothelial and mesenchymal subsets after injury that stimulated epithelial repair; the compartment primarily supporting T cell development. Thymic function not only declined over lifespan, contributing to immune aging, but the capacity of the thymus to regenerate after damage also declined in old mice. This could be attributed to an inability of the old microenvironment to induce reparative programs; leading to reduced ability to restore tissue structure and function. These findings provide a detailed framework for the response of structural cells to aging and acute damage, which could have considerable implications for our understanding of aging immunity and recovery from treatments such as chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant.

scholarly journals Evolutionarily conserved cysteines in the stalk region of CD3‐epsilon are critical for T cell development and function

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yibing Wang ◽  
Dean Becker ◽  
Tibor Vass ◽  
Janice White ◽  
Philippa Marrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Adult neurogenesis in natural populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Boonstra ◽  
L Galea ◽  
S Matthews ◽  
J M Wojtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Song Production ◽  
And Function

The dogma that the adult brain produces no new neurons has been overturned, but the critics are still asking, so what? Is adult neurogenesis a biologically relevant phenomenon, or is it perhaps harmful because it disrupts the existing neuronal circuitry? Considering that the phenomenon is evolutionarily conserved in all mammalian species examined to date and that its relevance has been well documented in non-mammalian species, it seems self-evident that neurogenesis in adult mammals must have a role. In birds, it has been established that neurogenesis varies dramatically with seasonal changes in song production. In chickadees, the learning behaviour related to finding stored food is also correlated with seasonal adult neurogenesis. Such studies are still nonexistent in mammals, but the related evidence suggests that neurogenesis does vary seasonally in hamsters and shows sexual differences in meadow voles. To promote studies on natural populations asking fundamental questions of the purpose and function of neurogenesis, we organized a Workshop on "Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Natural Populations" in Toronto in May 2000. The Workshop highlighted recent discoveries in neurogenesis from the lab, and focused on its functional consequences. The consensus at the Workshop was that demonstration of a role for neurogenesis in natural behaviours will ultimately be essential if we are to understand the purpose and function of neurogenesis in humans.Key words: neurogenesis, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, learning, memory, wild population.

scholarly journals A MALT1 inhibitor suppresses human myeloid DC, effector T-cell and B-cell responses and retains Th1/regulatory T-cell homeostasis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0222548
Author(s):  
Celine Dumont ◽  
Ulf Sivars ◽  
Theresa Andreasson ◽  
Lina Odqvist ◽  
Johan Mattsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Regulatory T Cell ◽  
T Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Effector T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Cell Responses

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): Vitamin B-12 Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 1995S-2027S ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay H Allen ◽  
Joshua W Miller ◽  
Lisette de Groot ◽  
Irwin H Rosenberg ◽  
A David Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B 12 ◽  
And Function ◽  
Available Information

AbstractThis report on vitamin B-12 (B12) is part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) Project, which provides state-of-the art information and advice on the selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, and function. As with the other 5 reports in this series, which focused on iodine, folate, zinc, iron, and vitamin A, this B12 report was developed with the assistance of an expert panel (BOND B12 EP) and other experts who provided information during a consultation. The experts reviewed the existing literature in depth in order to consolidate existing relevant information on the biology of B12, including known and possible effects of insufficiency, and available and potential biomarkers of status. Unlike the situation for the other 5 nutrients reviewed during the BOND project, there has been relatively little previous attention paid to B12 status and its biomarkers, so this report is a landmark in terms of the consolidation and interpretation of the available information on B12 nutrition. Historically, most focus has been on diagnosis and treatment of clinical symptoms of B12 deficiency, which result primarily from pernicious anemia or strict vegetarianism. More recently, we have become aware of the high prevalence of B12 insufficiency in populations consuming low amounts of animal-source foods, which can be detected with ≥1 serum biomarker but presents the new challenge of identifying functional consequences that may require public health interventions.

Transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 regulates T cell homeostasis and function

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislâine A Martins ◽  
Luisa Cimmino ◽  
Miriam Shapiro-Shelef ◽  
Matthias Szabolcs ◽  
Alan Herron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Transcriptional Repressor ◽  
T Cell Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Homeostasis ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Contribution of Asparagine Catabolism to Salmonella Virulence

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. McLaughlin ◽  
Michael McClelland ◽  
Hee-Jeong Yang ◽  
Steffen Porwollik ◽  
Lydia Bogomolnaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Virulence ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACT Salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. Salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. We previously showed that l-asparaginase II produced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) inhibits T cell responses and mediates virulence. In addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase II of S. Typhimurium causes suppression of activation-induced T cell metabolic reprogramming. Here, we report that STM3997, which encodes a homolog of disulfide bond protein A (dsbA) of Escherichia coli, is required for l-asparaginase II stability and function. Furthermore, we report that l-asparaginase II localizes primarily to the periplasm and acts together with l-asparaginase I to provide S. Typhimurium the ability to catabolize asparagine and assimilate nitrogen. Importantly, we determined that, in a murine model of infection, S. Typhimurium lacking both l-asparaginase I and II genes competes poorly with wild-type S. Typhimurium for colonization of target tissues. Collectively, these results indicate that asparagine catabolism contributes to S. Typhimurium virulence, providing new insights into the competition for nutrients at the host-pathogen interface.

scholarly journals The Subcellular Location of Ovalbumin in Plasmodium berghei Blood Stages Influences the Magnitude of T-Cell Responses

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 4654-4665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Wen Lin ◽  
Tovah N. Shaw ◽  
Takeshi Annoura ◽  
Aurélie Fougère ◽  
Pascale Bouchier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Parasitophorous Vacuole ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTModel antigens are frequently introduced into pathogens to study determinants that influence T-cell responses to infections. To address whether an antigen's subcellular location influences the nature and magnitude of antigen-specific T-cell responses, we generatedPlasmodium bergheiparasites expressing the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) either in the parasite cytoplasm or on the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM). For cytosolic expression, OVA alone or conjugated to mCherry was expressed from a strong constitutive promoter (OVAhsp70orOVA::mCherryhsp70); for PVM expression, OVA was fused to HEP17/EXP1 (OVA::Hep17hep17). Unexpectedly, OVA expression inOVAhsp70parasites was very low, but when OVA was fused to mCherry (OVA::mCherryhsp70), it was highly expressed. OVA expression inOVA::Hep17hep17parasites was strong but significantly less than that inOVA::mCherryhsp70parasites. These transgenic parasites were used to examine the effects of antigen subcellular location and expression level on the development of T-cell responses during blood-stage infections. While all OVA-expressing parasites induced activation and proliferation of OVA-specific CD8+T cells (OT-I) and CD4+T cells (OT-II), the level of activation varied:OVA::Hep17hep17parasites induced significantly stronger splenic and intracerebral OT-I and OT-II responses than those ofOVA::mCherryhsp70parasites, butOVA::mCherryhsp70parasites promoted stronger OT-I and OT-II responses than those ofOVAhsp70parasites. Despite lower OVA expression levels,OVA::Hep17hep17parasites induced stronger T-cell responses than those ofOVA::mCherryhsp70parasites. These results indicate that unconjugated cytosolic OVA is not stably expressed inPlasmodiumparasites and, importantly, that its cellular location and expression level influence both the induction and magnitude of parasite-specific T-cell responses. These parasites represent useful tools for studying the development and function of antigen-specific T-cell responses during malaria infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document