scholarly journals The histone deacetylase NlHDAC1 regulates both female and male fertility in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 180158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Li Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Bo Yuan ◽  
Sun-Jie Chen ◽  
Hao-Hao Chen ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Chromatin Modification ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Acoustic Recording

Histone acetylation is a specific type of chromatin modification that serves as a key regulatory mechanism for many cellular processes in mammals. However, little is known about its biological function in invertebrates. Here, we identified 12 members of histone deacetylases (NlHDACs) in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens . RNAi-mediated silencing assay showed that NlHdac1 , NlHdac3 and NlHdac4 played critical roles in female fertility via regulating ovary maturation or ovipositor development. Silencing of NlHdac1 substantially increased acetylation level of histones H3 and H4 in ovaries, indicating NlHDAC1 is the main histone deacetylase in ovaries of BPH. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that knockdown of NlHdac1 impaired ovary development via multiple signalling pathways including the TOR pathway. Acoustic recording showed that males with NlHdac1 knockdown failed to make courtship songs, and thus were unacceptable to wild-type females, resulting in unfertilized eggs. Competition mating assay showed that wild-type females overwhelmingly preferred to mate with control males over NlHdac1 -knockdown males. These findings improve our understanding of reproductive strategies controlled by HDACs in insects and provide a potential target for pest control.

scholarly journals The Direct Interaction between E93 and Kr-h1 Mediated Their Antagonistic Effect on Ovary Development of the Brown Planthopper

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwen Mao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
Xinda Lin
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Endocrine Regulation ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Biochemical Interaction

The juvenile hormone (JH) signalling and ecdysone signalling pathways are crucial endocrine signalling pathways that orchestrate the metamorphosis of insects. The metamorphic process, the morphological change from the immature to adult forms, is orchestrated by the dramatic reduction of JH and downstream transcription factors. The Krüppel-homologue 1 (Kr-h1), a downstream transcription factor of the JH signalling pathway, represses E93 expression with an anti-metamorphic effect. However, the biochemical interaction between Kr-h1 and E93 and how the interaction regulates ovary development, a sensitive readout for endocrine regulation, remain unknown. In brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, we found that the downregulation of Kr-h1 partially recovered the deteriorating effect of E93 knock-down on metamorphosis. Dual knock down of E93 and Kr-h1 increased ovary development and the number of eggs laid when compared to the effects of the knock down of E93 alone, indicating that the knock down of Kr-h1 partially recovered the deteriorating effect of the E93 knock-down on ovary development. In summary, our results indicated that E93 and Kr-h1 have antagonistic effects on regulating metamorphosis and ovary development. We tested the biochemical interaction between these two proteins and found that these molecules interact directly. Kr-h1 V and E93 II undergo strong and specific interactions, indicating that the potential interacting domain may be located in these two regions. We inferred that the nuclear receptor interaction motif (NR-box) and helix-turn-helix DNA binding motifs of the pipsqueak family (RHF1) are candidate domains responsible for the protein–protein interaction between E93 and Kr-h1. Moreover, the HA-tagged E93 and FLAG-tagged Kr-h1 were co-localized in the nucleus, and the expression of E93 was increased when Kr-h1 was downregulated, supporting that these two proteins may interact antagonistically. JH and ecdysone signalling are critical for the control of ovary development and pest populations. Our result is important for understanding the interactions between E93 and related proteins, which makes it possible to identify potential targets and develop new pesticides for pest management.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment on the Bacterial Community of the Brown Planthopper and Its Correlation with Rice Virulence

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2327
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Xu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Hantao Zhou ◽  
Ming Tang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

The prevention and control of planthoppers represent important issues for rice production. Current long-term control methods rely on pesticides, which raise concerns about environmental pollution. Recently, evidence has suggested that bacterial symbionts are important factors influencing the formation of Hemiptera insect biotypes and the selection of host plants for insects, which suggesting that targeting bacterial communities may be an effective alternative method for planthopper control. In this study, we perturbed the bacterial communities of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, by feeding antibiotic-treated rice and used RNA-seq to examine the transcriptome of normal rice fed with perturbed BPHs by RNA-seq. Our results showed that the composition of the bacterial communities significantly changed after the perturbation, which was accompanied by changes in distinct biological processes of rice, especially the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, compared with the effect of the BPH feeding on rice without bacterial communities perturbation. Our work establishes a protocol for bacterial communities perturbation in BPH, demonstrating the link between bacterial community and the responses to BPH feeding and providing new insights into the interaction between BPH and rice.

scholarly journals Intersex Plays a Role in Microbial Homeostasis in the Brown Planthopper

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Hou-Hong Zhang ◽  
Han-Jing Li ◽  
Yu-Xuan Ye ◽  
Ji-Chong Zhuo ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Combating Infection

Insects harbor a wide variety of symbiotic microorganisms that are capable of regulating host health and promoting host adaptation to their environment and food sources. However, there is little knowledge concerning the mechanisms that maintain the microbial community homeostasis within insects. In this study, we found that the intersex (ix) gene played an essential role in maintaining microbial homeostasis in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens. Injection of the double-strand RNA targeting N. lugens ix (Nlix) into the newly emerged females resulted in abnormal expansion of the copulatory bursa of BPH after mating. Further observation by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the abnormally enlarged copulatory bursa resulting from dsNlix treatment was full of microorganisms, while in contrast, the copulatory bursa of dsGFP-treated individuals stored a large number of sperm accompanied by a few bacteria. Moreover, RNA-seq analysis showed that the gene responses to bacteria were remarkably enriched in differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In addition, 16s rRNA sequencing indicated that, compared with control samples, changes in the composition of microbes presented in dsNlix-treated copulatory bursa. Together, our results revealed the immune functions of the Nlix gene in maintaining microbial homeostasis and combating infection in BPH.

scholarly journals Involvement of RpoN in Regulating Motility, Biofilm, Resistance, and Spoilage Potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiang Liu ◽  
Yifan Ye ◽  
Yin Zhu ◽  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Leyang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Swimming Motility ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Food Quality And Safety

Pseudomonas fluorescens is a typical spoiler of proteinaceous foods, and it is characterized by high spoilage activity. The sigma factor RpoN is a well-known regulator controlling nitrogen assimilation and virulence in many pathogens. However, its exact role in regulating the spoilage caused by P. fluorescens is unknown. Here, an in-frame deletion mutation of rpoN was constructed to investigate its global regulatory function through phenotypic and RNA-seq analysis. The results of phenotypic assays showed that the rpoN mutant was deficient in swimming motility, biofilm formation, and resistance to heat and nine antibiotics, while the mutant increased the resistance to H2O2. Moreover, the rpoN mutant markedly reduced extracellular protease and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) production in sterilized fish juice at 4°C; meanwhile, the juice with the rpoN mutant showed significantly higher sensory scores than that with the wild-type strain. To identify RpoN-controlled genes, RNA-seq-dependent transcriptomics analysis of the wild-type strain and the rpoN mutant was performed. A total of 1224 genes were significantly downregulated, and 474 genes were significantly upregulated by at least two folds at the RNA level in the rpoN mutant compared with the wild-type strain, revealing the involvement of RpoN in several cellular processes, mainly flagellar mobility, adhesion, polysaccharide metabolism, resistance, and amino acid transport and metabolism; this may contribute to the swimming motility, biofilm formation, stress and antibiotic resistance, and spoilage activities of P. fluorescens. Our results provide insights into the regulatory role of RpoN of P. fluorescens in food spoilage, which can be valuable to ensure food quality and safety.

scholarly journals Development of thermotolerant isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. with ethyl methanesulfonate

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanisa Wongwanich ◽  
Payorm Cobelli ◽  
Duangkamon Boonchuay ◽  
Teerada Wangsomboondee
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pest Insects ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractBeauveria bassianais an entomopathogenic fungus that is widely used in Thailand to control pest insects. However, the increasing temperature has influenced the insect control efficiency of the fungus. Therefore, determination of thermotolerant isolates ofB. bassianathat can grow and remain pathogenic at higher temperatures than its current optimum temperature may be a better way to control pest insects in a high temperature environment. Three isolates ofB. bassianaobtained from the Rice Department, Thailand were selected for mutagenesis using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) with subsequent screening at high temperatures (33 and 35°C). In addition, the recovery of fungal growth after exposure to a high temperature for a period of time (5–15 days) and then transferring to 25°C was evaluated. No isolates were found that grew at 35°C but one mutant isolate (BCNT002MT) produced larger diameter colonies and more spores than the corresponding wild type (WT) at 33°C. Growth and spore production of the BCNT002MT isolate were greater than its WT when incubated at 25°C for 14 days following exposure to 33°C for 7 days. In addition, the spore germination level (%) of BCNT002MT was significantly higher than its WT during culture at 25°C after prior exposure to 33°C for 5, 10 and 15 days. The pathogenicity against the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Stål), of this mutant isolate was also prominent.

scholarly journals A Mechanosensory Receptor TMC Regulates Ovary Development in the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Long Jia ◽  
Yi-Jie Zhang ◽  
Di Guo ◽  
Chen-Yu Li ◽  
Jun-Yu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Ovary Development

scholarly journals Overexpression of OsGID1 Enhances the Resistance of Rice to the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Chen ◽  
Tiantian Cao ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Yonggen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Lignin Level

Gibberellins (GAs) play pivotal roles in plant growth and development, and in defenses against pathogens. Thus far, how the GA-mediated signaling pathway regulates plant defenses against herbivores remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned the rice GA receptor gene OsGID1, whose expression was induced by damage from the brown planthopper (BPH) Niaparvata lugens, mechanical wounding, and treatment with salicylic acid (SA), but not jasmonic acid. The overexpression of OsGID1 (oe-GID1) decreased BPH-induced levels of SA, H2O2, and three SA-pathway-related WRKY transcripts, but enhanced BPH-induced levels of ethylene. Bioassays in the laboratory revealed that gravid BPH females preferred to feed and lay eggs on wild type (WT) plants than on oe-GID1 plants. Moreover, the hatching rate of BPH eggs on oe-GID1 plants was significantly lower than that on WT plants. In the field, population densities of BPH adults and nymphs were consistently and significantly lower on oe-OsGID1 plants than on WT plants. The increased resistance in oe-GID1 plants was probably due to the increased lignin level mediated by the GA pathway, and to the decrease in the expression of the three WRKY genes. Our findings illustrated that the OsGID1-mediated GA pathway plays a positive role in mediating the resistance of rice to BPH.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Functions of FoxN1: Regulating Different Target Genes during Embryogenesis and Nymph Molting in the Brown Planthopper

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4222
Author(s):  
Yu-Xuan Ye ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Type I ◽  
Keratin Gene ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions ◽  
Foxn1 Gene

FoxN1 gene belongs to the forkhead box gene family that comprises a diverse group of “winged helix” transcription factors that have been implicated in a variety of biochemical and cellular processes. In the brown planthopper (BPH), FoxN1 is highly expressed in the ovaries and newly laid eggs, where it acted as an indispensable gene through its molecular targets to regulate early embryonic development. Moreover, the results of the RNAi experiments indicated that Nilaparvata lugens FoxN1 (NlFoxN1) exhibited pleiotropism: they not only affected the embryogenesis, but also played an important role in molting. RNA-seq and RNAi were further used to reveal potential target genes of NlFoxN1 in different stages. In the eggs, ten downregulated genes were defined as potential target genes of NlFoxN1 because of the similar expression patterns and functions with NlFoxN1. Knockdown of NlFoxN1 or any of these genes prevented the development of the eggs, resulting in a zero hatchability. In the nymphs, NlFoxN1 regulated the expression of a keratin gene, type I cytoskeletal keratin 9 (NlKrt9), to participate in the formation of an intermediate filament framework. Depletion of NlFoxN1 or NlKrt9 in nymphs, BPHs failed to shed their old cuticle during nymph-to-nymph or nymph-to-adult molting and the mortality was almost 100%. Altogether, the pleiotropic roles of NlFoxN1 during embryogenesis and nymph molting were supported by the ability to coordinate the temporal and spatial gene expression of their target genes.

Altered Yersinia pestis virulence is associated with the small regulatory RNA HmsA encoded on the plasmid pPCP1

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Gao ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Zizhong Liu ◽  
Yujing Bi ◽  
Yajun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Competition Index ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Expression Screening ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Small Regulatory Rna ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Aim: The aim of this study was to access the effect of HmsA, a 65-nt small regulatory RNA encoded by the pPCP1 plasmid, on Yersinia pestis virulence. Materials & methods: Survival and the competition index were determined in mice infected with wild-type  Y. pestis and an hmsA deletion mutant. RNA-seq was used to identify HmsA-regulated genes. Results: HmsA deletion enhanced Y. pestis virulence. However, there was no overlap between 18 upregulated genes associated with pathogenicity and potential direct HmsA targets, based on gene expression screening after HmsA-pulse overexpression. Conclusion: HmsA inhibits Y. pestis virulence, but this effect may be mediated by indirect effects on pathogenesis, iron homeostasis and/or other cellular processes.

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