Book reviews

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-408
Author(s):  
Max Perutz
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Encounter ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Science And Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Michael Faraday ◽  
Selection Of

Twelve book reviews in the September 2003 issue of Notes and Records : Georgina Ferry, Dorothy Hodgkin: a life . J.D. Bernal: a life in science and politics . Edited by Brenda Swann and Francis Aprahamian. Max Perutz, I wish I'd made you angry earlier. Essays on science and scientists . A. Rupert Hall, Isaac Newton: eighteenth-century perspectives . G.I. Brown, Count Rumford. The extraordinary life of a scientific genius . The correspondence of Michael Faraday , volume 4. Edited by Frank A.J.L. James. The philosopher's tree: A selection of Michael Faraday's writings . Compiled, with commentary, by Peter Day. Science and exploration in the Pacific. European voyages to the Southern Oceans in the 18th century . Edited by Margarette Lincoln. Gillian Beer, Open fields: science in cultural encounter . Rocky Kolb, Blind watchers of the sky . Jan Golinski, Making natural knowledge. Constructivism and the history of science . Simon Conway Morris, The crucible of Creation: the Burgess Shale and the rise of animals .

Book Reviews: Les Chemins de fer Privés des Franches Montagnes. Naissance, Exploitation et défis d'un réseau (1892–1943) [Private Railways of the Franches Mountains. Birth, Exploitation and Challenges of a Network (1892–1943)], Das Verkehrsbuch der Schweiz. Faszinierendes und Ungewöhnliches Rund um das Thema Mobilität. Zum 50–Jahr-Jubiläum 2009 [Traffic and Transport in Switzerland. Thrilling News and Peciularities around the Topic of Mobility. Festschrift for the 50th Anniversary of the Swiss Transport Museum], Automatisierung, Schnellverkehr und Modernisierung bei den SBB 1955 bis 2005 [The Railroad of the Future: Automation, Rapid Transit and Modernization in the SBB, 1955 to 2005], La Bataille de la Route [The Battle for the Road], per Rickheden, Världens Nordligaste spårväg. Till 100–årsminnet av Kirunas spårvägar [The World's Northernmost Tram. To Commemorate the 100th Anniversary of the Kiruna Tram System], Die Moderne Straße. Planung, Bau und Verkehr vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert [The Modern Road. Planning, Building and Traffic from 18th Century to the 20th Century, Palm Oil and Small Chop, Airborne Dreams: ‘Niseir’ Stewardesses and Pan American World Airways, Railroads in the African American Experience: A Photographic Journey, Fahren und Fliegen in Krieg und Frieden. Kulturen Individueller Mobilitätsmaschinen 1880–1930 [Driving and Flying in Peace and War. Cultures of Individual Mobility Machines], Radelnde Nationen: Die Geschichte des Fahrrads in Deutschland und den Niederlanden bis 1940 [Cycling Nations. History of the Bicycle in Germany and the Netherlands until 1940], Sometimes Eagle's Wings: The Saga of Aéropostale, the Quest for Speed

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-235
Author(s):  
Etienne Auphan ◽  
Anne Ebert ◽  
Alfred Gottwaldt ◽  
Massimo Moraglio ◽  
Martin Schiefelbusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Road ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Road Planning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Peace And War

Part 1: Chapter 2 Outline History of Geological Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Brian Harland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Know How ◽  
Hydrographic Survey ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arctic Exploration ◽  
The Many ◽  
Geological Work ◽  
Geological Research ◽  
Selection Of

Useful records of observations perhaps began in 1596 with Barents' voyage and resulting chart. The many expeditions until the middle of the eighteenth century were primarily for whaling with minor additions to the charts. In 1758 A. R. Martin led a Swedish voyage and in 1773 C. J. Phipps commanded a British naval expedition, the first of several, to seek a northeast passage to the Pacific. They penetrated no further than Spitsbergen and made useful observations. At that time and for many years the British Admiralty was concerned with extensive Arctic exploration. The elaborate nature of these expeditions was not so much designed for scientific purposes as for useful employment for enterprising officers, with ships in numbers no longer needed in the period of naval supremacy after 1805. Hydrographic survey was often the principal achievement. In terms of efficiency and Arctic know-how the early whalers such as Scoresby were superior.1827 may be considered as the year when geological work began, with expeditions from Norway (B. M. Keilhau 1831) and Britain (Capt. Parry, e.g. Horner 1860; Salter 1860). Keilhau, a geologist, visited Edgeoya and Bjornoya. Admiral Parry, Hydrographer of the Navy, wintered on HMS Hecla in Sorgfjorden where further specimens were collected. In 1837 an early Swedish expedition was directed by Loven. Then, 1838 to 1840, the French voyage of La Recherche took place under the Commission Scientifique du Nord (e.g. Robert 1840).Only a selection of the many expeditions in the second half of the century are noted here.

scholarly journals SPIRITUAL VERSES ABOUT TSAREVICH JOASAPH: PLOTS AND METRICAL MODELS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (49) ◽  
pp. 88-131
Author(s):  
Alexander Petrov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Selection Of

The article considers the problem of the development of metrical forms of the cycle of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph. Spiritual verses related to the literary tradition are used as supplementary material. The aim of the research is to trace the evolution of the metrics of folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph in the context of the history of Russian versification. The tasks of the research are the formation of a database of texts, differentiation of the texts into thematic groups, selection of method of work, and the analysis of folk and literary variants. The research methodology is determined by its complex nature, being at the intersection of folklore, linguistics, and literary studies. Taking into account the heterogeneity of the material, special methods are used for texts created within the framework of different systems of versification: syllabic, accentual, and syllabic-accentual. The entire corpus of texts consists of seven types of plots and can be divided into metrical groups depending on the time and the environment of their creation. The earliest known text dates from the 16th century; it is a free, non-rhymed accentual verse. A significant corpus of texts was created in the 17th century, in line with the literary syllabic system of versification; these are spiritual verses with 8 or 13 syllables per line. Some of these were assimilated by folk culture and subsequently lost their syllabic equality of lines, becoming close to the accentual system. Literary texts of the 18th–19th centuries are closer to the syllabic-accentual system; sometimes they include polymetric poetic forms. Folklore texts collected in the 19th–20th centuries are based mainly on the accentual system of versification (dolnik, taktovik, accentual verse); however, as we move towards the 20th century, syllabic-accentual tendencies also intensify in this area. In the 20th century, the tradition of spiritual poetry was based on syllabic-accentual models borrowed from the works of Russian classics. The long history of the existence of this poetic cycle is, in general, in line with the evolution of Russian versification. At the same time, if the syllabic-accentual verse has been formed since the 18th century in the literary tradition of spiritual poetry, then in folklore it spread relatively late. Reliable examples of syllabic-accentual versification are found in folklore spiritual verses about Tsarevich Joasaph from the second half of the 19th century.

scholarly journals What Is the History of Science the History of? Early Modern Roots of the Ideology of Modern Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-62
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The title of the article prompts at least two questions: (1) how to determine that any particular research topic or problem belongs to the history of science and (2) the effect of the history of science and other research in problematizing the very idea that science is a natural category. The category of “science” itself has become so historicized and slippery that it calls into question the integrity of what historians of science are engaged in. The thesis of the article is that the integrity of the history of science as a distinct field of scholarship may lie in understanding the antecedents to modern science as well as its ongoing development. The evident mismatch between the common representations of “science” and the miscellany of materials typically studied by a historian of science comes from a systematic ambiguity that may itself be traced back to early modern Europe. In that cultural setting, natural philosophy was held (most famously by Francis Bacon) to involve both contemplative and practical knowledge. The resulting tension and ambiguity are typified in the 18th century by Buffon’s views. The new enterprise that was called science in the 19th century arrived at an unstable ideology of natural knowledge that was heavily indebted to those early modern developments. The two complementary and competing elements in the ideology of modern science may be described as “natural philosophy” (a discourse of contemplative knowledge) and “instrumentality” (a discourse of practical or useful knowledge). The history of science in large part deals with the interrelations — always shifting and often repudiating each other — between those two poles.

Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 1

2004 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Yiddish Literature ◽  
Jewish Experience ◽  
Jewish Settlement ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Selection Of

This book explores central themes in Jewish and European history. Launching what was to become a comprehensive and vigorous forum for discussion of all aspects of the Jewish experience in Poland, this first volume established the pattern of bringing together work by established and younger scholars from many countries. The book begins with a discussion of the reconstruction of the history of pre-Ashkenazic Jewish settlement patterns in the Slavic lands. It examines the fundamental security and the economic and political power which the Jews possessed in 16th–18th century Poland and investigates the basic characteristics of the Jewish experience in Poland. It then investigates the changes in the attitude of Polish society toward the Jews in the 18th century. Further attention is given to Polish–Jewish relations and the January uprising, the assimilation of Jews in the Kingdom of Poland, and the role of Hasidism. It next looks at Yiddish literature in Poland between the two World Wars, the underground movement in Auschwitz, Polish–Jewish dialogue and relations, and the response of the Western Allies to the Holocaust. The latter part of the volume examines a selection of published works.

Book Reviews: Naval maverick

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-320
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Napoleonic Wars ◽  
James Cook ◽  
Natural Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Insight Into

Hugh Popham, A Damned Cunning Fellow - The Eventful Life of Rear Admiral Sir Home Popham, K.C.B., K.C.H., K.M., F.R.S., 1762-1820 . The Old Ferry Press, 53 Vicarage Road, Tywardreath, Cornwall, 1991. Pp. xiii + 256, £27.50. ISBN 0-9516758-0-X Captain Home Popham was admitted to the Fellowship in 1799, following his own application on the grounds of ‘being a Gentleman well versed in . . . marine surveying, and . . . navigation . . . [with] zeal for promoting science.’ He never contributed to the Transactions and his only claims to ‘improving natural knowledge’ were his hydrographic surveys of the coast of southwest Africa, the waters around Penang and - in 1802 - the shores of the Red Sea. Nevertheless, the seven Fellows who sponsored Popham thought him likely to prove ‘an usefull and valuable member’, no doubt with Captain James Cook, F.R.S., still fresh in their memory. If the Society had seen fit to sponsor another voyage ‘à la Cook’ to distant seas, requiring naval organization, expert navigation and scientific measurements, Captain Popham would have been their man to lead it. But the Napoleonic wars prevented such ambitions and absorbed all of Popham’s very considerable creative energy and resourcefulness for his remaining active years. If this book does not provide insight into the history of natural philosophy, it does give a fascinating account of the career of a complex and dynamic character who might be described as a promoted trials of primitive forms of submarine and torpedo with their American inventor, Robert Fulton.

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