scholarly journals Grand challenges in space synthetic biology

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (113) ◽  
pp. 20150803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amor A. Menezes ◽  
Michael G. Montague ◽  
John Cumbers ◽  
John A. Hogan ◽  
Adam P. Arkin
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Space synthetic biology is a branch of biotechnology dedicated to engineering biological systems for space exploration, industry and science. There is significant public and private interest in designing robust and reliable organisms that can assist on long-duration astronaut missions. Recent work has also demonstrated that such synthetic biology is a feasible payload minimization and life support approach as well. This article identifies the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead in the field of space synthetic biology, while highlighting relevant progress. It also outlines anticipated broader benefits from this field, because space engineering advances will drive technological innovation on Earth.

Synthetic geomicrobiology: engineering microbe–mineral interactions for space exploration and settlement

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Cockell
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Support System ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Rock Weathering ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Practical Applications

AbstractSynthetic geomicrobiology is a potentially new branch of synthetic biology that seeks to achieve improvements in microbe–mineral interactions for practical applications. In this paper, laboratory and field data are provided on three geomicrobiology challenges in space: (1) soil formation from extraterrestrial regolith by biological rock weathering and/or the use of regolith as life support system feedstock, (2) biological extraction of economically important elements from rocks (biomining) and (3) biological solidification of surfaces and dust control on other planetary surfaces. The use of synthetic or engineered organisms in these three applications is discussed. These three examples are used to extract general common principles that might be applied to the design of organisms used in synthetic geomicrobiology.

scholarly journals Prospects for Creation of Autonomous Life Support Complexes Using Biological Systems for Arctic and Far North Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
I.V. Markin ◽  
◽  
E.S. Shchelkanova ◽  
R.A. Volodyashkin ◽  
E.A. Zhurbin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Far North ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Main Components

The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the implemented projects of closed ecological systems and the creation on their basis of own scheme of autonomous life-support complex for the conditions of the Arctic and the Far North. Materials and methods of research. The object of the study is implemented projects of closed ecological systems. The subject of the study is the principles of configuration of such projects, their main components and the relationship between them. Research results and their analysis. The support systems created at different times, with the purpose to be used in long-duration space flights or to carry out fundamental ecological research, were analyzed. Such projects were based on the use of biological systems, which opens the possibility of their use to ensure the autonomy of infrastructure in the Arctic and Far North. The scheme of the complex planned for development is proposed. This complex allows to recycle waste products, meets human nutritional needs and produces biofuel of the third generation.

Жизнеобеспечение экипажа пилотируемого космического объекта, проблемы управления

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
Boris F. ZARETSKIY ◽  
Arkadiy S. GUZENBERG ◽  
Igor A. SHANGIN
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Deep Space ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Life Support Systems ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Space Life Support

Life support for first manned spaceflights was based on supplies of consumables. Crew life support systems based on supplies of water and oxygen, in spite of their simplicity, are extremely inefficient in orbital space missions and are unfeasible in deep space missions because of mass and volume constraints. Therefore, there are currently developed and are to be used on space stations the life support systems that are based on chemical and physical regeneration of water and oxygen extracted from human waste. In view of further advances in long-duration orbital stations, and the prospects of establishment of planetary outposts and deep space exploration, the problem of constructing an automated system for controlling a suite of regenerative LSS becomes urgent. The complexity of solving the problem of constructing an efficient control system in this case owes to the existence of a large number of effectiveness criteria. The paper proposes a system of consolidated global efficiency criteria, which allows to break up this problem into a series of sub-problems of optimization in order to solve this problem. The proposed criteria are longevity, cost, comfort. The paper presents a series of specific examples of using the proposed principles with necessary generalizations. Key words: space life support systems, atmosphere revitalization equipment, automated control system, global generalized efficiency criteria, longevity, cost, comfort.

scholarly journals Bot Datasets on Twitter: Analysis and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Luis Daniel Samper-Escalante ◽  
Octavio Loyola-González ◽  
Raúl Monroy ◽  
Miguel Angel Medina-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Online News ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Twitter Analysis ◽  
Radar Chart ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Bot Detection

The reach and influence of social networks over modern society and its functioning have created new challenges and opportunities to prevent the misuse or tampering of such powerful tools of social interaction. Twitter, a social networking service that specializes in online news and information exchange involving billions of users world-wide, has been infested by bots for several years. In this paper, we analyze both public and private databases from the literature of bot detection on Twitter. We summarize their advantages, disadvantages, and differences, recommending which is more suitable to work with depending on the necessities of the researcher. From this analysis, we present five distinct behaviors in automated accounts exhibited across all the bot datasets analyzed from these databases. We measure their level of presence in each dataset using a radar chart for visual comparison. Finally, we identify four challenges that researchers of bot detection on Twitter have to face when using these databases from the literature.

scholarly journals The first 10 years of the international coordination network for standards in systems and synthetic biology (COMBINE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Waltemath ◽  
Martin Golebiewski ◽  
Michael L Blinov ◽  
Padraig Gleeson ◽  
Henning Hermjakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Stakeholder Workshop ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Modeling In Biology

AbstractThis paper presents a report on outcomes of the 10th Computational Modeling in Biology Network (COMBINE) meeting that was held in Heidelberg, Germany, in July of 2019. The annual event brings together researchers, biocurators and software engineers to present recent results and discuss future work in the area of standards for systems and synthetic biology. The COMBINE initiative coordinates the development of various community standards and formats for computational models in the life sciences. Over the past 10 years, COMBINE has brought together standard communities that have further developed and harmonized their standards for better interoperability of models and data. COMBINE 2019 was co-located with a stakeholder workshop of the European EU-STANDS4PM initiative that aims at harmonized data and model standardization for in silico models in the field of personalized medicine, as well as with the FAIRDOM PALs meeting to discuss findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) data sharing. This report briefly describes the work discussed in invited and contributed talks as well as during breakout sessions. It also highlights recent advancements in data, model, and annotation standardization efforts. Finally, this report concludes with some challenges and opportunities that this community will face during the next 10 years.

scholarly journals Integrated multiscale biomaterials experiment and modelling: a perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20150098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J. Buehler ◽  
Guy M. Genin
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Multiscale Models ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Advances in multiscale models and computational power have enabled a broad toolset to predict how molecules, cells, tissues and organs behave and develop. A key theme in biological systems is the emergence of macroscale behaviour from collective behaviours across a range of length and timescales, and a key element of these models is therefore hierarchical simulation. However, this predictive capacity has far outstripped our ability to validate predictions experimentally, particularly when multiple hierarchical levels are involved. The state of the art represents careful integration of multiscale experiment and modelling, and yields not only validation, but also insights into deformation and relaxation mechanisms across scales. We present here a sampling of key results that highlight both challenges and opportunities for integrated multiscale experiment and modelling in biological systems.

scholarly journals Public and private sectors collective response to combat COVID-19 in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Siang Tan ◽  
Saim Lokman ◽  
Yao Rao ◽  
Szu Hua Kok ◽  
Long Chiau Ming
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

AbstractOver the last year, the dangerous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly around the world. Malaysia has not been excluded from this COVID-19 pandemic. The resurgence of COVID-19 cases has overwhelmed the public healthcare system and overloaded the healthcare resources. Ministry of Health (MOH) Malaysia has adopted an Emergency Ordinance (EO) to instruct private hospitals to receive both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients to reduce the strain on public facilities. The treatment of COVID-19 patients at private hospitals could help to boost the bed and critical care occupancy. However, with the absence of insurance coverage because COVID-19 is categorised as pandemic-related diseases, there are some challenges and opportunities posed by the treatment fees management. Another major issue in the collaboration between public and private hospitals is the willingness of private medical consultants to participate in the management of COVID-19 patients, because medical consultants in private hospitals in Malaysia are not hospital employees, but what are termed “private contractors” who provide patient care services to the hospitals. Other collaborative measures with private healthcare providers, e.g. tele-conferencing by private medical clinics to monitor COVID-19 patients and the rollout of national vaccination programme. The public and private healthcare partnership must be enhanced, and continue to find effective ways to collaborate further to combat the pandemic. The MOH, private healthcare sectors and insurance providers need to have a synergistic COVID-19 treatment plans to ensure public as well as insurance policy holders have equal opportunities for COVID-19 screening tests, vaccinations and treatment.

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