scholarly journals Richard Henry Dalitz. 28 February 1925 — 13 January 2006

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. R. Aitchison ◽  
Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Dalitz Plot ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Particle Theory ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Baryon Spectroscopy ◽  
Talented Students ◽  
Baryon Resonances

Richard (Dick) Henry Dalitz was a theoretical physicist whose principal contributions were intimately connected to some of the major breakthroughs of the twentieth century in particle and nuclear physics. His formulation of the ‘τ–θ’ puzzle led to the discovery that parity is not a symmetry of nature—the first of the assumed space-time symmetries to fail. He pioneered the theoretical study of hypernuclei, of strange baryon resonances, and of baryon spectroscopy in the quark model (at a time when many considered it ‘naive’), to all of which he made lasting contributions. The ‘Dalitz plot’ and ‘Dalitz pairs’ are part of the vocabulary of particle physics. Throughout his career he remained in close touch with many experimentalists, and he had an encyclopaedic knowledge of the data. Many of his papers were stimulated by experimental results and were concerned with their analysis and interpretation, work that often required the forging of new phenomenological tools; many also indicated what new experiments needed to be done. As a consequence, he was a theorist exceptionally valued by experimentalists. He created and ran a strong particle theory group at Oxford, which attracted many talented students and researchers, and which has continued to thrive.

Q & A. Lisa Randall. [interview]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Talent Search ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Fundamental Forces

Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist working in particle physics and cosmology. She was born in Queens, New York City, on June 18, 1962. Lisa Randall is an alumna of Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics; and she graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1980. She won first place in the 1980 Westinghouse Science Talent Search at the age of 18; and at Harvard University, Lisa Randall earned both a BA in physics (1983) and a PhD in theoretical particle physics (1987) under advisor Howard Mason Georgi III, a theoretical physicist. She is currently Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science on the physics faculty of Harvard University, where he has been for the past a decade. Her works concerns elementary particles and fundamental forces, and has involved the study of a wide variety of models, the most recent involving dimensions. She has also worked on supersymmetry, Standard Model observables, cosmological inflation, baryogenesis, grand unified theories, and general relativity. Consequently, her studies have made her among the most cited and influential theoretical physicists and she has received numerous awards and honors for her scientific endeavors. Since December 27, 2010 at 00:42 (GMT+7), Lisa Randall is Twitter’s user with account @lirarandall. “Thanks to new followers. Interesting how different it feels broadcasting on line vs.via book or article. Explanations? Pithiness? Rapidity?” is her first tweet.

scholarly journals The NUMEN Project: Toward New Experiments with High-Intensity Beams

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Clementina Agodi ◽  
Antonio D. Russo ◽  
Luciano Calabretta ◽  
Grazia D’Agostino ◽  
Francesco Cappuzzello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Double Charge Exchange ◽  
Superconducting Cyclotron ◽  
Double Charge

The search for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is currently a key topic in physics, due to its possible wide implications for nuclear physics, particle physics, and cosmology. The NUMEN project aims to provide experimental information on the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) that are involved in the expression of 0νββ decay half-life by measuring the cross section of nuclear double-charge exchange (DCE) reactions. NUMEN has already demonstrated the feasibility of measuring these tiny cross sections for some nuclei of interest for the 0νββ using the superconducting cyclotron (CS) and the MAGNEX spectrometer at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS.) Catania, Italy. However, since the DCE cross sections are very small and need to be measured with high sensitivity, the systematic exploration of all nuclei of interest requires major upgrade of the facility. R&D for technological tools has been completed. The realization of new radiation-tolerant detectors capable of sustaining high rates while preserving the requested resolution and sensitivity is underway, as well as the upgrade of the CS to deliver beams of higher intensity. Strategies to carry out DCE cross-section measurements with high-intensity beams were developed in order to achieve the challenging sensitivity requested to provide experimental constraints to 0νββ NMEs.

Planck, Max Karl Ernst Ludwig (1858–1947)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Howard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Quantum Hypothesis ◽  
Ernst Mach ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Realist Conception

Planck was a German theoretical physicist and leader of the German physics community in the first half of the twentieth century. Famous for his introduction of the quantum hypothesis in physics, Planck was also a prolific writer on popular-scientific and philosophical topics. Even more so than his younger contemporary Albert Einstein, Planck was well-known in his day for his defence of a realist conception of science and his explicit criticism of the positivism of Ernst Mach and the Vienna Circle.

scholarly journals “Why Do We Do Physics? Because Physics Is Fun!”

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
James D. Bjorken
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Gravitation Theory ◽  
Career Trajectory ◽  
Experimental Physics ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Theoretical Physicist

In this informal memoir, the author describes his passage through a golden age of elementary particle physics. It includes not only his career trajectory as a theoretical physicist but also his excursions into experimental physics and particle accelerator theory. While his successes are highlighted, some unsuccessful efforts are included in the narrative as well. Those “losers” were arguably as pleasurable as the less-frequent “winners.” Since retirement, the author has become interested in gravitation theory and cosmology—a new golden age. This activity is also briefly described.

scholarly journals Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giuliani ◽  
Alfredo Poves
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
Majorana Neutrino ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Status ◽  
Majorana Neutrino Mass

This paper introduces the neutrinoless double-beta decay (the rarest nuclear weak process) and describes the status of the research for this transition, both from the point of view of theoretical nuclear physics and in terms of the present and future experimental scenarios. Implications of this phenomenon on crucial aspects of particle physics are briefly discussed. The calculations of the nuclear matrix elements in case of mass mechanisms are reviewed, and a range for these quantities is proposed for the most appealing candidates. After introducing general experimental concepts—such as the choice of the best candidates, the different proposed technological approaches, and the sensitivity—we make the point on the experimental situation. Searches running or in preparation are described, providing an organic presentation which picks up similarities and differences. A critical comparison of the adopted technologies and of their physics reach (in terms of sensitivity to the effective Majorana neutrino mass) is performed. As a conclusion, we try to envisage what we expect round the corner and at a longer time scale.

scholarly journals A Fast Universal Kinematic Fitting Code for Low-Energy Nuclear Physics: FUNKI_FIT

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Smith ◽  
Jack Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Charged Particle ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Monte Carlo Data ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Strip Detectors ◽  
Low Energy Nuclear Physics

We present an open-source kinematic fitting routine designed for low-energy nuclear physics applications. Although kinematic fitting is commonly used in high-energy particle physics, it is rarely used in low-energy nuclear physics, despite its effectiveness. A FORTRAN and ROOT C++ version of the FUNKI_FIT kinematic fitting code have been developed and published open access. The FUNKI_FIT code is universal in the sense that the constraint equations can be easily modified to suit different experimental set-ups and reactions. Two case studies for the use of this code, utilising experimental and Monte–Carlo data, are presented: (1) charged-particle spectroscopy using silicon-strip detectors; (2) charged-particle spectroscopy using active target detectors. The kinematic fitting routine provides an improvement in resolution in both cases, demonstrating, for the first time, the applicability of kinematic fitting across a range of nuclear physics applications. The ROOT macro has been developed in order to easily apply this technique in standard data analysis routines used by the nuclear physics community.

Conflicted Progress: Coeducation and Gender Equity in Twentieth-Century French School Reforms

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Mavrinac
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
School Reforms ◽  
Reform Movements ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
French School ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Talented Students

Since the Third French Republic was established in 1875, French education has operated under a mandate to provide compulsory citizenship training to all children and to select an elite group of talented students who will receive a more rigorous form of schooling. In the twentieth century, France has experienced two major education reform movements aimed at democratizing this mandate — one between 1920 and 1930, and the other between 1960 and 1980. Both reform waves concentrated on changing the selection process for this elite group, which had almost exclusively included middle- and upper-class males. In these waves of change, which resulted in the standardization and centralization of France's schools, much attention was paid to issues of class, but little was paid to issues of gender equity. Mavrinac examines the effects of these reforms on gender equity and the effects of increased school centralization on girls' access to equitable education. She concludes by highlighting the lack of connection between movements for school reform and gender equity proposals and suggests that, despite its modification in recent years, the patriarchal structure of the educational bureaucracy remains powerfully in place.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document