scholarly journals John Riley Holt. 15 February 1918 — 6 January 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Court ◽  
John Dainton ◽  
Terry Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Parity Violation ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Muon Decay ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Charged Pions ◽  
Experimental Physicist ◽  
Deuteron Stripping ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

John Riley Holt was an experimental physicist who dedicated his working life to research in nuclear and particle physics at the University of Liverpool. He was born in 1918 in Runcorn, Cheshire, and in 1938 was awarded a first-class honours degree in physics at Liverpool University. He obtained his PhD in 1941 and became a member of Sir James Chadwick’s team working on the UK atomic weapon project. After the war he developed several new experimental techniques, which he used to make a systematic study of the deuteron stripping process with the use of the Liverpool cyclotron. After the Liverpool synchro-cyclotron became operational in 1954 he initiated a programme of precision measurements of cross-sections for proton–proton and pion–proton scattering. After the first observation of parity violation in 1957, his group completed an important experiment that observed parity violation in muon decay. When the construction of an electron synchrotron (NIN A, at the Daresbury Laboratory) was proposed, he became leader of the magnet design team. As NIN A became operational in 1966, John established a group to measure the cross-sections for the photoproduction of neutral and charged pions. The group then developed a collaboration with colleagues in other universities to measure the spin dependence of cross-sections for meson photoproduction by using a polarized photon beam and a polarized proton target. Before his retirement he contributed to the design of the experiment to determine the spin structure of the proton, performed by the European Muon Collaboration.

Sir Edgar William John Mitchell CBE. 25 September 1925 – 30 October 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Roger A. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Experimental Physicist ◽  
University Level ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
Head Of Department ◽  
Research Centres ◽  
Science Research Council

William Mitchell was a skilled experimental physicist who made important contributions to British physics both at the university level, as head of department in both Reading and Oxford universities, and as Chairman of the Science Research Council from 1985 to 1990. He left a permanent mark on the direction of science in the UK through his encouragement of others, through the creation of interdisciplinary research centres and through his enthusiasm for central facilities.

scholarly journals How to discover QCD Instantons at the LHC

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Amoroso ◽  
Deepak Kar ◽  
Matthias Schott
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Quantum Tunnelling ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Proton Proton Collisions

AbstractThe Standard Model of particle physics predicts the existence of quantum tunnelling processes across topological inequivalent vacua, commonly known as Instantons. In Quantum Chromodynamics, these Instantons play a fundamental role in explaining much of the theory long-distance behaviour. However, they have not yet been observed experimentally. Their direct observation would mark a breakthrough in modern particle physics, shedding light on our fundamental understanding of the non perturbative dynamics in the Standard Model. Recently, new calculations for QCD Instanton processes in proton–proton collisions became public, suggesting sizeable cross sections as well as possible experimental signatures at the LHC. In this work, we explore possible analysis strategies for the LHC experiments to discover small-size QCD Instanton induced processes. Moreover, we derive a first limit on the Instanton production cross section using published data of Minimum Bias processes at $$\sqrt{s}=$$ s = 13 TeV at the LHC.

Temptations of theory, strategies of evidence: P. M. S. Blackett and the earth's magnetism, 1947–52

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY JO NYE
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Electrons And Positrons ◽  
Experimental Physicist ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Manchester ◽  
Experimental Researches

In the late spring of 1947, the experimental physicist P. M. S. Blackett succumbed to the temptations of theory. At this time, Blackett (1897–1974) was fifty years old. He was a veteran of the Cavendish tradition in particle physics and he was on his way to an unshared award of the 1948 Nobel Prize for his experimental researches in nuclear physics and cosmic-ray physics. His photographs of cloud-chamber tracks of alpha particles, protons, electrons and positrons were well known to practitioners of particle physics, even as they now grace the pages of physics textbooks.Blackett's turn toward theory in 1947 involved some risk for a well-established experimental physicist. The 3 May 1947 issue of Nature carried an announcement of his forthcoming lecture at the Royal Society:Professor P. M. S. Blackett, Langworthy Professor of Physics in the University of Manchester, will deliver a lecture on ‘The Magnetic Field of Massive Rotating Bodies’ at a meeting of the Royal Society on May 15, at 4:30 p.m.Blackett circulated a preliminary draft of his paper among colleagues in several different fields, including the geophysicist Sydney Chapman and the astrophysicist Harry Plaskett.

scholarly journals Ian William Murison Smith. 15 June 1937—8 November 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 401-419
Author(s):  
Gus Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Combustion Chemistry ◽  
Activation Barriers ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Laser Pumping ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Ian Smith was one of the world-wide leading researchers into reaction kinetics, energy transfer and molecular dynamics in gas phase systems. He was able to span all of these aspects of collisional behaviour, and to form connections and insights that allowed him to make advances in all of them, advances which have stood the tests of time. His graduate work at the University of Cambridge was followed by academic positions in Cambridge and in Birmingham. He provided new insights into molecular energy transfer by systematically measuring how vibrational frequencies and multipole moments influenced the magnitude of the energy transfer cross sections. In reaction kinetics his detailed work on the OH radical has led to an understanding of the importance of its reactions not only in applied areas such as atmospheric and combustion chemistry, but also in fundamental dynamical studies of radical recombination and the effect of reagent energies on reactive processes. Of particular significance has been his development of both cryogenic and nozzle expansion methods of studying collisional processes at temperatures down to 10 K, with the discovery that reactions without activation barriers can get faster as the temperature decreases. The impact of this work upon astrochemistry has been profound, and has stimulated theoretical explanations of the effect. He was one of the first pioneers in the UK of the use of laser techniques to study collisional processes, using laser-induced fluorescence as a sensitive detection tool, UV laser photolysis to form reactive species and laser pumping to create excited state populations in order to observe their effect upon reaction pathways and vibrational relaxation. Ian was devoted to his family—his wife Sue, their four children and 11 grandchildren. His research collaborators will always remember his scholarship, his unending suggestions of interesting problems to study, his deep integrity and humanity. His legacy lives on with his personal and academic families.

MEASUREMENT OF PARITY VIOLATION IN PROTON-PROTON SCATTERING AT 13.6 MeV

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (C6) ◽  
pp. C6-519-C6-522
Author(s):  
P. D. EVERSHEIM ◽  
W. SCHMITT ◽  
F. HINTERBERGER ◽  
S. KUHN ◽  
R. GEBEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parity Violation ◽  
Proton Scattering ◽  
Proton Proton

National Astronomy Meeting, Portsmouth (United Kingdom), 23rd–26th June, 2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Pamela Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Solar Physics ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Physics Community ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

Around six hundred astronomers and space scientists gathered at the University of Portsmouth in June 2014 for the Royal Astronomical Society’s National Astronomy Meeting (NAM). NAM is one of the largest professional astronomy conferences in Europe, and this year’s gathering included the UK Solar Physics annual meeting as well as attendance from the magnetosphere, ionosphere and solar-terrestrial physics community. Conference tracks ranged from discussion of the molecular universe to cosmic chronometers, and from spectroscopic cosmology to industrial applications of astrophysics and astronomy.

scholarly journals Charmed and bottomed hadronic cross sections from a statistical model

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Balassa ◽  
György Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Heavy Quarks ◽  
Open Charm ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Final State ◽  
Proton Antiproton ◽  
Proton Proton

Abstract In this work, we extended our statistical model with charmed and bottomed hadrons, and fit the quark creational probabilities for the heavy quarks, using low energy inclusive charmonium and bottomonium data. With the finalized fit for all the relevant types of quarks (up, down, strange, charm, bottom) at the energy range from a few GeV up to a few tens of GeV’s, the model is now considered complete. Some examples are also given for proton–proton, pion–proton, and proton–antiproton collisions with charmonium, bottomonium, and open charm hadrons in the final state.

scholarly journals The NUMEN Project: Toward New Experiments with High-Intensity Beams

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Clementina Agodi ◽  
Antonio D. Russo ◽  
Luciano Calabretta ◽  
Grazia D’Agostino ◽  
Francesco Cappuzzello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Double Charge Exchange ◽  
Superconducting Cyclotron ◽  
Double Charge

The search for neutrinoless double-beta (0νββ) decay is currently a key topic in physics, due to its possible wide implications for nuclear physics, particle physics, and cosmology. The NUMEN project aims to provide experimental information on the nuclear matrix elements (NMEs) that are involved in the expression of 0νββ decay half-life by measuring the cross section of nuclear double-charge exchange (DCE) reactions. NUMEN has already demonstrated the feasibility of measuring these tiny cross sections for some nuclei of interest for the 0νββ using the superconducting cyclotron (CS) and the MAGNEX spectrometer at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS.) Catania, Italy. However, since the DCE cross sections are very small and need to be measured with high sensitivity, the systematic exploration of all nuclei of interest requires major upgrade of the facility. R&D for technological tools has been completed. The realization of new radiation-tolerant detectors capable of sustaining high rates while preserving the requested resolution and sensitivity is underway, as well as the upgrade of the CS to deliver beams of higher intensity. Strategies to carry out DCE cross-section measurements with high-intensity beams were developed in order to achieve the challenging sensitivity requested to provide experimental constraints to 0νββ NMEs.

scholarly journals The BabySaver: Design of a New Device for Neonatal Resuscitation at Birth with Intact Placental Circulation

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
James Ditai ◽  
Aisling Barry ◽  
Kathy Burgoine ◽  
Anthony K. Mbonye ◽  
Julius N. Wandabwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Skilled Birth Attendants ◽  
New Device ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

The initial bedside care of premature babies with an intact cord has been shown to reduce mortality; there is evidence that resuscitation of term babies with an intact cord may also improve outcomes. This process has been facilitated by the development of bedside resuscitation surfaces. These new devices are unaffordable, however, in most of sub-Saharan Africa, where 42% of the world’s 2.4 million annual newborn deaths occur. This paper describes the rationale and design of BabySaver, an innovative low-cost mobile resuscitation unit, which was developed iteratively over five years in a collaboration between the Sanyu Africa Research Institute (SAfRI) in Uganda and the University of Liverpool in the UK. The final BabySaver design comprises two compartments; a tray to provide a firm resuscitation surface, and a base to store resuscitation equipment. The design was formed while considering contextual factors, using the views of individual women from the community served by the local hospitals, medical staff, and skilled birth attendants in both Uganda and the UK.

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