Frederick Clifford Tompkins. 29 August 1910 – 5 November 1995

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
David King ◽  
John Enderby
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
Metal Films ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Grammar School ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Research Fields

Frederick Tompkins was a physical chemist of great distinction whose contributions to the development of two research fields, surface science and solid state reactions, were matched by his long service as Secretary and Editor of the Faraday Society. Throughout his career he had the knack of attracting bright young students into his research group and, through a rigorous apprenticeship, turning them out as scientists who went on to occupy senior academic positions around the world. Thus his influence extended well beyond his own immediate contributions. Tompkins's early studies of adsorption (the taking–up of gases by surfaces) on solid surfaces were on polar solids but, although this was always maintained as an interest, perhaps his best–known contributions to adsorption studies were on metal surfaces. Work initiated in the 1950s, based on metal films deposited under stringent conditions and covering a range of different physical techniques, established his reputation firmly in the field of chemisorption on metals. Students and postdoctoral workers of his continued the development of this field. Tompkins was born in Yeovil, Somerset, in 1910, and was pleased to record that his scientific attainment at Yeovil Grammar School, which won him a County Scholarship to Bristol University, was matched by his talent as an essayist and as a pianist. As an undergraduate he was greatly influenced by the teaching of William Garner (FRS 1937) and of John (later Sir John) Lennard–Jones (FRS 1933), and at the age of 20 years he graduated with first–class honours in chemistry and theoretical physics. He completed his PhD at Bristol with Garner, who first introduced him to both surface and solid state chemistry.

Synthesis and Crystal Chemistry of New Transition Metal Tellurium Oxides in Compounds Containing Lead and Barium

2000 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Wedel ◽  
Katsumasa Sugiyama ◽  
Kimio Itagaki ◽  
Hanskarl Müller-Buschbaum
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Alkaline Transition ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Channel Structures

ABSTRACTDuring the past decades the solid state chemistry of tellurium oxides has been enriched by a series of quaternary metallates. Interest attaches not only to the chemical and physical properties of these compounds, but also to their structure, which have been studied by modern methods. The partial similarity of earth alkaline metals and lead in solid state chemistry and their relationships in oxides opens a wide field of investigations. Eight new compounds in the systems Ba-M-Te-O (M= Nb, Ta) and Pb-M-Te-O (M = Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn) were prepared and structurally characterized: Ba2Nb2TeO10, Ba2M6Te2O21 (M = Nb, Ta) and the lead compounds PbMnTeO3, Pb3Ni4.5Te2.5O15, PbCu3TeO7, PbZn4SiTeO10 and the mixed compound PbMn2Ni6Te3O18. The structures of all compounds are based on frameworks of edge and corner sharing oxygen octahedra of the transition metal and the tellurium. Various different channel structures were observed and distinguished. The compounds were prepared by heating from mixtures of the oxides, and the single crystals were grown by flux method or solid state reactions on air. The synthesis conditions were modified to obtained microcrystalline material for purification and structural characterizations, which were carried out using a variety of tools including powder diffraction data and refinements of X-ray data. Relationships between lead transition metal tellurium oxides and the earth alkaline transition metals tellurium oxides are compared.

Über eine neue Präparationstechnik in der Feststoffchemie, I Hochtemperatursynthesen mit CO2-Laser / A New Preparation Technique in Solid State Chemistry, I High Temperature Reactions with CO2-Laser

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hk. Müller-Buschbaum ◽  
H. Pausch
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Temperature Method ◽  
High Temperature Reactions

Abstract A new high temperature method using a CO2-Laser radiation is reported. Its application on solid state reactions in air or in defined gas atmospheres is described.

Über eine neue Präparationstechnik in der Feststoffchemie, II Hochdruck-Hochtemperatursynthesen mit CO2 -Laser / A New Preparative Technique in Solid State Chemistry, II High Pressure -High Temperature Reactions with CO2-Lasers

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hk. Müller-Buschbaum ◽  
H. Pausch
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Solid State Chemistry ◽  
Co2 Lasers ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
High Oxygen Pressure ◽  
High Temperature Reactions ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Set Up

Abstract A new technique to realize solid state reactions under high oxygen pressure is reported. This method is based on the use of CO2-Laser radiation in combination with autoclave technique. The experimental set-up is described.

Formation of a research school: Theoretical solid state physics at Bristol 1930–54

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Keith ◽  
Paul K. Hoch
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Solid State Physics ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
State Of Matter ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University

In June 1930 the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR) of the British Government awarded a modest research grant to J. E. (later Sir John) Lennard-Jones, Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Bristol, in response to a proposal submitted under the title of ‘A theoretical investigation of the physical properties of the solid state of matter’. This initiative marked the first notable recognition by public funding bodies in Great Britain of the potential contribution to be made by the new theoretical ideas in physics to a deeper understanding of the properties of industrially important materials, particularly metals and their alloys. The possible technological relevance of such a study was, indeed, a central factor in the decision to support it. The research arising out of this initial award provided the impetus for the first stage of Bristol theoretical research on the solid state of matter, an enterprise initially associated with the name of Lennard-Jones, and later with Nevili Mott who succeeded him as Professor of Theoretical Physics in 1933.

Microstructural Variations in Melt-Spun Rapidly Solidified Ribbons

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
L. A. Bendersky ◽  
W. J. Boettinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Wheel Side ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Heat Extraction Rate

Rapid solidification produces a wide variety of sub-micron scale microstructure. Generally, the microstructure depends on the imposed melt undercooling and heat extraction rate. The microstructure can vary strongly not only due to processing parameters changes but also during the process itself, as a result of recalescence. Hence, careful examination of different locations in rapidly solidified products should be performed. Additionally, post-solidification solid-state reactions can alter the microstructure.The objective of the present work is to demonstrate the strong microstructural changes in different regions of melt-spun ribbon for three different alloys. The locations of the analyzed structures were near the wheel side (W) and near the center (C) of the ribbons. The TEM specimens were prepared by selective electropolishing or ion milling.

The wustite-spinel interface

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 268-269
Author(s):  
S.R. Summerfelt ◽  
C.B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Lattice Misfit ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Sublattice ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Small Lattice ◽  
Coherent Interfaces

The wustite-spinel interface can be viewed as a model interface because the wustite and spinel can share a common f.c.c. oxygen sublattice such that only the cations distribution changes on crossing the interface. In this study, the interface has been formed by a solid state reaction involving either external or internal oxidation. In systems with very small lattice misfit, very large particles (>lμm) with coherent interfaces have been observed. Previously, the wustite-spinel interface had been observed to facet on {111} planes for MgFe2C4 and along {100} planes for MgAl2C4 and MgCr2O4, the spinel then grows preferentially in the <001> direction. Reasons for these experimental observations have been discussed by Henriksen and Kingery by considering the strain energy. The point-defect chemistry of such solid state reactions has been examined by Schmalzried. Although MgO has been the principal matrix material examined, others such as NiO have also been studied.

TEM study of amorphization of Cu and Ti foils by cold-rolling

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
N. L. Jeon ◽  
Genbao Xu ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rapid Quenching ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Metallic Alloys ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
Amorphous Metallic Alloys ◽  
Thin Foils

For many years amorphous metallic alloys have been prepared by rapid quenching techniques such as vapor condensation or melt quenching. Recently, solid-state reactions have shown to be an alternative for synthesizing amorphous metallic alloys. While solid-state amorphization by ball milling and high energy particle irradiation have been investigated extensively, the growth of amorphous phase by cold-rolling has been limited. This paper presents a morphological and structural study of amorphization of Cu and Ti foils by rolling.Samples of high purity Cu (99.999%) and Ti (99.99%) foils with a thickness of 0.025 mm were used as starting materials. These thin foils were cut to 5 cm (w) × 10 cm (1), and the surface was cleaned with acetone. A total of twenty alternatively stacked Cu and Ti foils were then rolled. Composite layers following each rolling pass were cleaned with acetone, cut into half and stacked together, and then rolled again.

The use of high-resolution FESEM to study solid-state phase transformations and reactions

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1028-1029
Author(s):  
P. G. Kotula ◽  
D. D. Erickson ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Backscattered Electron

High-resolution field-emission-gun scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has recently emerged as an extremely powerful method for characterizing the micro- or nanostructure of materials. The development of high efficiency backscattered-electron detectors has increased the resolution attainable with backscattered-electrons to almost that attainable with secondary-electrons. This increased resolution allows backscattered-electron imaging to be utilized to study materials once possible only by TEM. In addition to providing quantitative information, such as critical dimensions, SEM is more statistically representative. That is, the amount of material that can be sampled with SEM for a given measurement is many orders of magnitude greater than that with TEM.In the present work, a Hitachi S-900 FESEM (operating at 5kV) equipped with a high-resolution backscattered electron detector, has been used to study the α-Fe2O3 enhanced or seeded solid-state phase transformations of sol-gel alumina and solid-state reactions in the NiO/α-Al2O3 system. In both cases, a thin-film cross-section approach has been developed to facilitate the investigation. Specifically, the FESEM allows transformed- or reaction-layer thicknesses along interfaces that are millimeters in length to be measured with a resolution of better than 10nm.

TEM studies of solid-state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
F. Ma ◽  
S. Vivekanand ◽  
K. Barmak ◽  
C. Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Solid state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films have been studied by transmission and analytical electron microscopy (TEM/AEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Nb/Al multilayer thin films for TEM studies were sputter-deposited on (1102)sapphire substrates. The periodicity of the films is in the range 10-500 nm. The overall composition of the films are 1/3, 2/1, and 3/1 Nb/Al, corresponding to the stoichiometric composition of the three intermetallic phases in this system.Figure 1 is a TEM micrograph of an as-deposited film with periodicity A = dA1 + dNb = 72 nm, where d's are layer thicknesses. The polycrystalline nature of the Al and Nb layers with their columnar grain structure is evident in the figure. Both Nb and Al layers exhibit crystallographic texture, with the electron diffraction pattern for this film showing stronger diffraction spots in the direction normal to the multilayer. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all films are dominated by the Al(l 11) and Nb(l 10) peaks and show a merging of these two peaks with decreasing periodicity.

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