scholarly journals Martyn Christian Raymond Symons. 12 November 1925 – 28 January 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Atkins

Martyn Christian Raymond Symons was born on 12 November 1925 in Ipswich, Suffolk. The talents he was later to develop were a reflection of his genetic and cultural environment. Thus, his grandfather was William Christian Symons, who achieved contemporary minor fame as a painter in water colour and oils even though his work is now largely forgotten. His grandmother, Cecilia Davenport, was a concert pianist before her marriage. Symons was to display both artistic attributes, for he was a skilful self–taught pianist and an accomplished water colourist. The environment was richer than that, though, for the three sons of the grandparent's marriage were Mark, a painter, Phillip, who became a Benedictine monk and served as organist at Downside, and Stephen, Martyn's father. Painting, as already remarked, was one of Symons's great relaxations, and in early life (but not in middle age and after) the Catholic version of the Christian religion gave him guidance and solace. Indeed, there was a stage when he was poised to become a priest, but the passion passed and after the suffering and death of his first wife, who had become a Catholic in order to marry him, he rejected religion.The technical contribution to Symonss environment came from his father, Stephen White Symons, a consultant mechanical engineer, ably supported in the female manner of the day by his wife Marjorie. Here, though, the environment temporarily withdrew its support, for the young Symons entered the John Fisher School in Purley (1933–40), and hated every minute of it. Ill taught (he claimed) and bullied (he interpreted), the teachers—with the freedom of the age–almost literally hammered knowledge of a sort into him, not realizing the sensitivity of the child in their care and presumably contributing at least a little to his unusual psychology.

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1352-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sieber ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Dan Orsholits ◽  
Bernadette W Van der Linden ◽  
Idris Guessous ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Welfare regimes in Europe modify individuals’ socioeconomic trajectories over their life-course, and, ultimately, the link between socioeconomic circumstances (SECs) and health. This paper aimed to assess whether the associations between life-course SECs (early-life, young adult-life, middle-age and old-age) and risk of poor self-rated health (SRH) trajectories in old age are modified by welfare regimes (Scandinavian [SC], Bismarckian [BM], Southern European [SE], Eastern European [EE]). Methods We used data from the longitudinal SHARE survey. Early-life SECs consisted of four indicators of living conditions at age 10. Young adult-life, middle-age, and old-age SECs indicators were education, main occupation and satisfaction with household income, respectively. The association of life-course SECs with poor SRH trajectories was analysed by confounder-adjusted multilevel logistic regression models stratified by welfare regime. We included 24 011 participants (3626 in SC, 10 256 in BM, 6891 in SE, 3238 in EE) aged 50 to 96 years from 13 European countries. Results The risk of poor SRH increased gradually with early-life SECs from most advantaged to most disadvantaged. The addition of adult-life SECs differentially attenuated the association of early-life SECs and SRH at older age across regimes: education attenuated the association only in SC and SE regimes and occupation only in SC and BM regimes; satisfaction with household income attenuated the association across regimes. Conclusions Early-life SECs have a long-lasting effect on SRH in all welfare regimes. Adult-life SECs attenuated this influence differently across welfare regimes.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0228144
Author(s):  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Hanne-Lise Falgreen Eriksen ◽  
Erik Lykke Mortensen

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 2835-2846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenling Zheng ◽  
Jianjun Mu ◽  
Chao Chu ◽  
Jiawen Hu ◽  
Yu Yan ◽  
...  

BackgroundAlthough high BP is one of the most important factors affecting renal function, whether longitudinal BP trajectories in early life course are associated with renal function damage in later life is unclear.MethodsTo investigate the correlation between BP trajectories from childhood to adulthood and renal function in middle age, we used group-based trajectory models to identify BP trajectories in 2430 individuals (aged 6–15 years old at baseline) participating in the ongoing Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Cohort. We tested the association between these trajectories and subclinical renal damage in middle age, adjusting for several covariates.ResultsWe identified four distinct systolic BP trajectories among 2430 subjects: low stable, moderate stable, high stable, and moderate increasing on the basis of systolic BP levels at baseline and during the 30-year follow-up period. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) was higher in moderate stable, high stable, and moderate increasing groups compared with the low stable group. A total of 228 individuals had subclinical renal disease by 2017. Compared with the low stable trajectory group, the other groups had increasingly greater odds of experiencing subclinical renal disease in middle age. These associations were not altered after adjustment for other covariates, except for in the moderate stable group. Analyzed results were similar for the mean arterial pressure and diastolic BP trajectory groups.ConclusionsHigher BP trajectories were correlated with higher of uACR levels and risk of subclinical renal disease in middle age. Identifying long-term BP trajectories from early age may assist in predicting individuals’ renal function in later life.


Author(s):  
Crawford Gribben ◽  
Graeme Murdock

Calvinism did not develop as a uniform Christian tradition across early modern Europe. Nor did Calvinism make a discrete, standalone impact on the development of European culture. This introduction does not seek to establish or to reinforce a set of unambiguous arguments about what Calvinist culture was, is, or ought to be, nor is it concerned with outlining how, in some linear fashion, Calvinism shaped European and global cultures or contributed to the cultures of modernity. Instead, this introduction offers a portrait of Calvinism and Reformed religion, understood as a sociocultural phenomenon as well as an expression of truth claims about God and the world, to examine how this form of Christian religion developed in different cultural settings. This introduction also supports an analysis of the ways in which Calvinism related to the multi-confessional cultural environment that prevailed in Europe after the Reformation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Löfving ◽  
Peter Allebeck ◽  
Tomas Hemmingsson

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabel K. Short ◽  
Pamela M. Maras ◽  
Aidan L. Pham ◽  
Autumn S. Ivy ◽  
Tallie Z. Baram

AbstractIn humans, early-life adversity (ELA) is associated with impairments in learning and memory that may emerge later in life. In rodent models, ELA directly impacts hippocampal neuron structure and connectivity with progressive deficits in long-term potentiation and spatial memory function. Previous work has demonstrated that augmented release and actions of the stress-activated neuropeptide, CRH, contribute to the deleterious effects of ELA on hippocampal structure and memory-function. Early-life adversity increases CRH production and levels, and blocking CRH receptor type 1 (CRHR1) within the hippocampus immediately following adversity prevented the memory and LTP problems caused by ELA. Here we queried if blocking CRHR1 during adulthood ameliorates the adverse impact of ELA on memory in middle age. Blocking CRHR1 for a week in two month old male rats prevented ELA-induced deficits in object recognition memory that emerge during middle age. The intervention failed to mitigate the reduction of spatial memory at 4 and 8 months, but restored hippocampus-dependent location memory in ELA-experiencing rats during middle age (12 months of age).Notably, neither ELA nor blocking CRHR1 influenced anxiety- or depression-related behaviors These findings suggest a sensitive period during which interventions can fully prevent long-lasting effects of ELA, yet indicate that interventions later in life offer significant benefits.


2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i61-i62
Author(s):  
T. O. Yang ◽  
M. E. Kroll ◽  
B. J. Cairns ◽  
G. K. Reeves ◽  
V. Beral

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Yang ◽  
Justin Lessler ◽  
Huachen Zhu ◽  
Chao Qiang Jiang ◽  
Jonathan M. Read ◽  
...  

AbstractComplex exposure histories and immune mediated interactions between influenza strains contribute to the life course of human immunity to influenza. Antibody profiles can be generated by characterizing immune responses to multiple antigenically variant strains, but how these profiles vary across individuals and determine future responses is unclear. We used hemagglutination inhibition titers from 21 H3N2 strains to construct 777 paired antibody profiles from people aged 2 to 86, and developed novel metrics to capture features of these profiles. Total antibody titer per potential influenza exposure increases in early life, then decreases in middle age. Increased titers to one or more strains were seen in 97.8% of participants, suggesting widespread influenza exposure. While titer changes were seen to all strains, recently circulating strains exhibited the greatest variation. Higher pre-existing, homologous titers reduced the risk of seroconversion to recent strains. After adjusting for homologous titer, we also found an increased frequency of seroconversion among those with higher immunity to older previously exposed strains. Our results suggest that a comprehensive quantitative description of immunity encompassing past exposures could lead to improved correlates of risk of influenza.


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