scholarly journals Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs. 11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Laws
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prison Camp

Vivian Fuchs's father, Ernst, was German, but he knew virtually nothing of his German forebears. His mother, Violet Watson, was English, but German by marriage. His parents had lived in England since their marriage in 1907 and he was six years old when World War I broke out. Internment of all Germans was ordered and his father was put in a prison camp for aliens on the Isle of Man, and their money and property were confiscated. The family were now very poor but survived on the goodwill of relations; even so he had a happy childhood and did not feel in any way deprived. In 1917 his maternal grandparents died intestate, which led to ‘family strife… much unpleasantness and quite a lot of skullduggery’. His mother inherited half her father's fortune, but as she was an enemy alien it was sequestered by the government and they lived a hand–to–mouth existence for six long years after the war had ended.

scholarly journals Charles Enrique Dent, 25 August 1911 - 19 September 1976

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
World War ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Government Chemist ◽  
Greek Scholar ◽  
Short Time

Charles Dent was born in Burgos, Spain, on 25 August 1911. His paternal grandfather, who was a Church of England parson in Coverdale, a Cambridge M.A., and reputed to be a good Greek scholar, died under the age of 40. Charles’s father was Dr Frankland Dent, who studied chemistry in Leeds and, as was not unusual before World War I, went afterwards to Munich to acquire a Ph.D. He then joined the Rio Tinto Mining Company and worked in Spain, where he met his wife and married her in 1903. Charles’s mother was Carmen Colsa de Miray Perceval, who came from a well established Spanish family. She had been orphaned early in her life and was educated in a convent. She died in 1976 only a short time before Charles, in her hundredth year. Soon after his marriage, Dr Frankland Dent accepted a post in Singapore, which at that time was part of the Straits Settlement. Dr Frankland Dent was the government chemist and analyst, responsible for a territory which is now Malaysia and Singapore. The two eldest children were born in Singapore, but Charles’s mother decided to return to Spain for the birth of her third child. After about a year in Burgos, the family returned to Singapore and stayed there until the outbreak of war in 1914. Mrs Dent then decided to come to England with her children, but travelling across the Continent at that time was not easy, and the family spent some time near Marseilles before finally settling in Bedford in 1915, where Charles received his early education. He attended Bedford School for a few years where he did well at games, but showed no particular interest in academic subjects. This worried Charles’s father, and a change of school was considered desirable.

The Government of War

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-793
Author(s):  
Dina Rizk Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
World War I ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
State System ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Short Piece ◽  
The Government

I write this piece as Iraq, following Syria, descends into a civil war that is undermining the post–World War I state system and reconfiguring regional and transnational networks of mobilization and instrumentalizations of violence and identity formation. That the Middle East has come to this moment is not an inevitable product of the artificiality of national borders and the precariousness of the state system. It is important to avoid this linear narrative of inevitability, with its attendant formulations of the Middle East as a repository of a large number of absences, and instead to locate the current wars in a specific historical time: the late and post–Cold War eras, marked by the agendas of the Washington Consensus and the globalization of neoliberal discourses; the privatization of the developmental and welfare state; the institutional devolution and multiplication of security services; and the entrenchment of new forms of colonial violence and rule in Israel and Palestine and on a global scale. The conveners of this roundtable have asked us to reflect on the technopolitics of war in the context of this particular moment and in light of the pervasiveness of new governmentalities of war. What I will do in this short piece is reflect on the heuristic and methodological possibilities of the study of war as a form of governance, or what I call the “government of war,” in light of my own research and writing on Iraq.

scholarly journals The Politics of Russian Memory: The Great War in the European Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Olga S. Porshneva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Great War

This article examines how the historical memory of World War I emerged and developed in Russia, and also compares it to how Europeans have thought about the conflict. The author argues that the politics of memory differed during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In the wake of the 1917 Revolution, Bolshevik efforts to re-format the memory of the Great War were part of its attempt to create a new society and new man. At the same time, the regime used it to mobilize society for the impending conflict with the 'imperialist' powers. The key actors that sought to inculcate the notion of the war with imperialism into Soviet mass consciousness were the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Communist Party, the Department of Agitation and Propaganda, and, in particular, the Red Army and Comintern. The latter two worked together to organize the major campaigns dedicated to war anniversaries, which were important both to reinforce the concept of imperialist war as well as to involve the masses in public commemorations, rituals and practices. The Soviet state also relied on organizations of war veterans to promote such commemorative practices while suppressing any alternative narratives. The article goes on to explain how, under Stalin, the government began to change the way it portrayed the Great War in the mid-1930s. And after the Second World War, Soviet politics of memory differed greatly from those in the West. In the USSR the Great Patriotic War was sacralized, while the earlier conflict remained a symbol of unjust imperialist wars.

Robert Allan Smith, 14 May 1909 - 16 May 1980

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 479-504
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School ◽  
Public School ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Secondary Schooling ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
Village School ◽  
Infant School ◽  
The Family

Robert Allan Smith, always known as Robin to his close associates, was born on 14 May 1909 in Kelso, Roxburghshire. Professionally, during Robin’s time first names were rarely used except between close friends. Surnames were in common usage except for Smiths, Joneses, etc., who had to be distinguished. Hence, he was often called ‘R.A.’. The combination of charm and determination, characteristic of a Borderer, was always present with Robin. He was the elder brother to (William) Allan, in the family of two, born to George J. T. Smith, tailor, a native of Kelso, and his wife, Elisabeth( née Allan), a ladies’ dressmaker and native of Eccles village, Kelso. The family ancestry was mainly in farming and business. His childhood was spent in the country in and around Kelso together with his primary and secondary schooling. On the outbreak of World War I, his father, who was a member of the Territorial Army, was called up, and his mother, Robin and Allan moved to Heeton Village near Kelso to stay with relations. A strong bond was formed between Robin and his uncle and aunts which endured throughout their life. Robin’s first school was therefore Heeton Village School where he spent a year before the family returned to Kelso. There after schooling continued at Kelso Infant School, Kelso Public School, and a Bursary to Kelso High School gave him the opportunity to go forward to higher education.

scholarly journals Sir John McMichael, 25 July 1904 - 3 March 1993

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-296
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
World War ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Village ◽  
Broad Interest ◽  
Good Manager

A quote that says much about John McMichael comes from his own autobiographical notes: ‘I come from a materially poor branch of a Galloway family’. He was born on 25 July 1904 in Gatehouse of Fleet, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, son of James and Margaret McMichael. There were two older sisters and two elder brothers, and he was something of an afterthought. His father ran a farm on the edge of the village and was also the local butcher. A ‘God-fearing, generous man’, he was not a good manager of his limited resources. Until he was ten years old John McMichael went to a school run under the patronage of the Lady of the Manor; but in 1914 this school was closed and he transferred to Girthon public school under its headmaster, William Learmonth, who was to have a major influence on the young McMichael. Learmonth’s son, eight years McMichael’s senior, became Sir James Learmonth, the well-known surgeon. Learmonth was an exceedingly capable teacher to find in a small village school and his pupils clearly felt the benefit. At the age of 14 there was a debate in the McMichael household about the next stage in John’s education. His mother, supported by Learmonth, decided he must continue and he moved to Kirkcudbright Academy, eight miles away, a hard and hilly bicycle ride. Here he blossomed, taking first place in most subjects, and ending up as Dux of the school. His decision to read medicine was influenced by two chance factors. He often spent his holidays with a fisherman on an island in the Fleet Bay where the solitary house was occupied by a doctor from the Indian Medical Service during his leaves. On wet days his medical books opened up exciting prospects in the schoolboy’s enquiring mind. During World War I a maternal cousin, Col. George Home, C.B.E., M.D., of the New Zealand Army Medical Corps, spent his leaves with the family and kindled a broad interest in science and medicine.

Fiscal News and Inflationary Expectations in Germany after World War I

1986 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Webb
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
World War ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Government Deficits ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Inflation Tax ◽  
The Government

Inflation in Germany from 1919 to 1923 resulted from the accumulation and the anticipation of government deficits. Inflationary expectations depended therefore on fiscal news. Allied demands for reparations, the occupation of the Ruhr, and domestic revolts were important negative news and led to increased inflation. Tax reforms and eventually the end to government deficits were important positive news and ushered in periods of price stability. Political events were fiscal news as they changed the chances for the government to balance the budget.

Racist Hysteria to Pragmatic Rapprochement? The German Debate about Rhenish ‘Occupation Children’, 1920–30

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA ROOS
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
World War I ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
World War ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
The Family ◽  
Illegitimate Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policy Discourses

AbstractThis essay revisits 1920s German debates over the illegitimate children of the Rhineland occupation to examine hitherto neglected fluctuations in the relationship between nationalism and racism in Weimar Germany. During the early 1920s, nationalist anxieties focused on the alleged racial ‘threats’ emanating from the mixed-race children of colonial French soldiers. After 1927, plans for the forced sterilisation and deportation of the mixed-race children were dropped; simultaneously, officials began to support German mothers’ paternity suits against French soldiers. This hitherto neglected shift in German attitudes towards the ‘Rhineland bastards’ sheds new light on the role of debates over gender and the family in the process of Franco–German rapprochement. It also enhances our understanding of the contradictory political potentials of popularised foreign policy discourses about women's and children's victimisation emerging from World War I.

‘Messing with Coloured People’: The 1918 Police Strike in Cape Town, South Africa

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Nasson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
South African ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
World War ◽  
Natural Justice ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Lower Ranking ◽  
The Government ◽  
South African Police ◽  
National Police

This article seeks to provide an interpretation of a strike by white policemen in Cape Town in 1918. It argues that this defensive dispute over wages and living conditions can best be understood not simply through an examination of service dissatisfaction in the urban police community, but by incorporating this episode into the larger picture of South African police development in the early decades of the present century. In this broader context, several factors seem general and influential: local social resentments over the terms of national police organization after Union; police practices and attitudes, especially in relation to the increasing recruitment of Afrikaners; the position of white working-class policemen in the ‘civilized labour’ stratification of Cape Town society; and, most visibly, the inflationary effect of the First World War on the living standards of poorly paid, disaffected and unorganized constables. It is argued that these converging pressures generated a severe crisis of work discipline in 1917 and 1918 which tipped the Cape Town police into a classical natural justice strike. While ordinary policemen were split between petitioners and younger, less hesitant radicals, there was considerable popular support for strikers’ claims, both within the Cape police body and the local white labour movement. The government used a strategy of provisional concessions to settle the dispute. In conclusion, it is suggested that the strike experience helped to strengthen associational bonds between lower-ranking policemen and that a commitment by the state to improved service conditions provided an anxious constabulary with a more secure ‘civilized labour’ identity in the post-World War I period.

The research laboratories of Associated Electrical Industries Ltd

1951 ◽  
Vol 210 (1101) ◽  
pp. 145-172 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
World War ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Good Selection ◽  
Transmission Equipment ◽  
The World ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Facilities

The Associated Electrical Industries Ltd. comprises a group of independent companies concerned with the manufacture of prime movers, generators, power-transmission equipment and practically every kind of electricity-consuming device. The two largest of the group of companies are the Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd. at Trafford Park, Manchester, and the British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd. at Rugby. While there are research facilities in each of the companies of the group, research has until recently been concentrated very largely in the laboratories of the two main companies, the laboratories being separate autonomous bodies independently directed. Both these laboratories have been developed since World War I and both played no insignificant part in the last war. Accounts of each are being presented by Mr Churcher and Mr Davies. I should like to make brief mention of one matter about which there is frequent misunderstanding. It is often said that industry takes the best men from the universities, but my experience has shown that this traffic is in fact two-way. It is true that our companies take hundreds of young graduate engineers from universities all over the world, and of these a good selection is recruited to the research departments; but from our laboratories have also gone very many trained scientists into a large number of university positions, over a score into professorial chairs and senior positions throughout the government scientific services. It is my profound conviction that this flow in both directions is most desirable and should be encouraged as much as possible.

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