scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity in an ant with strong caste–genotype association

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 20170705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Kuhn ◽  
Hugo Darras ◽  
Serge Aron
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Caste Determination ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Social Hymenoptera ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Genetically Determined

Caste determination in social Hymenoptera (whether a female egg develops into a reproductive queen or a sterile worker) is a remarkable example of phenotypic plasticity where females with highly similar genomes exhibit striking differences in morphology and behaviour. This phenotypic dichotomy is typically influenced by environmental factors. However, recent studies have revealed a strong caste–genotype association in hybridogenetic ants: workers are all interlineage hybrids while queens are all purebred, suggesting that female caste fate is genetically determined. Using the hybridogenetic ant Cataglyphis mauritanica , we show that under laboratory conditions, purebred offspring develop into reproductive queens but occasionally give rise to workers. Moreover, while hybrids typically become workers, juvenile hormone treatment can switch their developmental pathway to the reproductive caste. These results indicate that phenotypic plasticity has been retained in an ant with a strong caste–genotype association, despite its lack of expression in natural conditions.

The role of hormones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Frederik Nijhout ◽  
Emily Laub
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Plastic Trait

Many behaviors of insects are stimulated, modified, or modulated by hormones. The principal hormones involved are the same as the ones that control moulting, metamorphosis, and other aspects of development, principally ecdysone and juvenile hormone. In addition, a small handful of neurosecretory hormones are involved in the control of specific behaviors. Because behavior is a plastic trait, this chapter begins by outlining the biology and hormonal control of phenotypic plasticity in insects, and how the hormonal control of behavior fits in with other aspects of the control of phenotypic plasticity. The rest of the chapter is organized around the diversity of behaviors that are known to be controlled by or affected by hormones. These include eclosion and moulting behavior, the synthesis and release of pheromones, migration, parental care, dominance, reproductive behavior, and social behavior.

The Leucocyte Antigenic System HL-A as a Possible Genetic Marker of Schizophrenia

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (584) ◽  
pp. 25-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Cazzullo ◽  
E. Smeraldi ◽  
G. Penati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Familial Occurrence ◽  
The Real ◽  
Genetically Determined

Many inheritance models of schizophrenia have been proposed, in view of its variable age at onset, variable familial occurrence and the relevant influence of a great number of environmental factors (Gottsman and Shields, 1967; Heston, 1970; Ödegård, 1972). However, the real genetic predisposition to schizophrenia has not yet been experimentally verified, and genetic markers have to be looked for, i.e. we need some character, genetically determined, whose transmission is associated with schizophrenia transmission: the more polymorphous the character, the greater will be the probability of finding such associations.

scholarly journals 1334Appetitive behaviors in school-age and their genetic and environmental predisposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Alison Fildes ◽  
Andreia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Environmental Contribution ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Old Portuguese ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Behavioral Influences ◽  
Appetitive Behaviors

Abstract Background Given the great variability in adiposity and the exposure to obesogenic food environments, it has been suggested that individuals respond in divergent ways to the environment they live in. Our aim was to explore the genetic and environmental contribution of variations on appetitive behaviors in 10-year-old Portuguese children. Methods Participants were twins from the Generation XXI cohort (n = 86 pairs). Appetitive behaviors at 10 years was assessed through the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Intra-class correlations for appetitive behaviors were calculated for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and structural equation modelling was conducted to estimate genetic (A), shared (C) and non-shared (E) environmental variances. Results Twins were mainly dizygotic (65%), and a third was classified as having excess weight (30.2%). For all appetitive behaviors, with exception to Emotional Undereating, moderate to strong heritability were found and non-shared environmental effects contributed to appetite variability. For Emotional Undereating, environmental effects seem to be more important than genetic effects (C: 0.81; 95%CI 0.71;0.88 and E: 0.19; 95%CI 0.12;0.29). Conclusions There is a significant genetic contribution, followed by non-shared environmental effects, on appetitive behaviors in school-age years. Results indicate that Emotional Undereating was not heritable, being explained by shared and non-shared environmental factors. Key messages Appetitive behaviors among 10-year-olds seem to be genetically determined, with exception to Emotional Undereating, which showed to be explained by environmental factors. Understanding which genes are associated with child appetitive behaviors would give an insight in biological and behavioral influences on child eating and obesity risk.

scholarly journals Husband and wife with sarcoidosis: possible environmental factors involved

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Leli ◽  
Ivano Salimbene ◽  
Francesco Varone ◽  
Leonello Fuso ◽  
Salvatore Valente
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Node Biopsy ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Unclear Etiology ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Chronic Lymphadenitis

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous multisystem disorder of unclear etiology that involves any organ, most commonly the lung and the lymph nodes. It is hypothesized that the disease derives from the interaction between single or multiple environmental factors and genetically determined host factors. Multiple potential etiologic agents for sarcoidosis have been proposed without any definitive demonstration of causality. We report the case of two patients, husband (57 years old) and wife (55 years old), both suffering from sarcoidosis. They underwent a lymph node biopsy by mediastinoscopy which showed a “granulomatous epithelioid giant cell non-necrotising chronic lymphadenitis”. They had lived up to 3 years ago in the country in a farm, in contact with organic dusts, animals such as dogs, chickens, rabbits, pigeons; now they have lived since about 3 years in an urban area where there are numerous chemical industries and stone quarries. The aim of this case report was to focus on environmental factors that might be related to the pathogenesis of the sarcoidosis.

PheGee@Home

2012 ◽  
pp. 1885-1903
Author(s):  
Bertil Schmidt ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Weiguo Liu ◽  
Wayne P. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Computer Architectures ◽  
Graphics Hardware ◽  
Microbial Genomes ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Physical Manifestation ◽  
Grid Based

In this chapter we present PheGee@Home, a grid-based comparative genomics tool that nominates candidate genes responsible for a given phenotype. A phenotype is the physical manifestation of the interplay of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Our tool is designed to facilitate the discovery and prioritization of candidate genes controlling or contributing to the genetically determined portion of a specified phenotype. However, in order to make reliable nominations of candidate genes from sequence data, several genome-size sequence datasets are required. This makes the approach impractical on traditional computer architectures leading to prohibitively long runtimes. Therefore, we use a computational architecture based on a desktop grid environment and commodity graphics hardware to significantly accelerate PheGee. We validate this approach by showing the deployment and evaluation on a grid testbed for the comparison of microbial genomes.

scholarly journals interactions between genetic and environmental factors determine direction of population lateralization

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
chao deng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Head Turning ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetically Determined

direction of the embyro's head rotation is determined by asymmetrical expression of several genes (such as shh, nodal, lefty, and fgf8) in hensen's node. this genetically determined head-turning bias provides a base for light-aligned population lateralization in chicks, in which the direction of the lateralization is determined by genetic factors and the degree of the lateralization is determined by environmental factors.

Genetics of Gibberella fujikuroi. IV. Natural occurrence of compatibility alleles at the mating locus

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmel S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Gibberella Fujikuroi ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Sexual Compatibility

Gibberella fujikuroi is a heterothallic bipolar fungus and both mat+ and mat− mating types are found in nature but, they rarely cross under natural conditions. However, mat+ and mat− field isolates cross with the two tester strains under laboratory conditions and show variable degrees of sexual compatibility as measured in terms of number of fertile perithecia. Fifteen mat+ and fifteen mat− field isolates were crossed with the two tester strains. Variable degrees of compatibility, ranging from 2.2 to 47.7 perithecia when crossed with 223 (mat−) and 1.1 to 39.9 perithecia when crossed with 80 (mat+), were obtained. The genetic control of six easily distinguishable degrees of compatibility were studied from testcrosses made with the tester strains using random and unordered tetrad analyses. Three alleles in mat+ and three alleles in mat− were distinguished. Frequency of natural occurrence of mat+ and mat− was found to be 27 and 73%, respectively.

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