scholarly journals Breeding phenology and winter activity predict subsequent breeding success in a trans-global migratory seabird

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 20150671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shoji ◽  
S. Aris-Brosou ◽  
A. Culina ◽  
A. Fayet ◽  
H. Kirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Winter Activity ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
One Year ◽  
Manx Shearwater

Inter-seasonal events are believed to connect and affect reproductive performance (RP) in animals. However, much remains unknown about such carry-over effects (COEs), in particular how behaviour patterns during highly mobile life-history stages, such as migration, affect RP. To address this question, we measured at-sea behaviour in a long-lived migratory seabird, the Manx shearwater ( Puffinus puffinus ) and obtained data for individual migration cycles over 5 years, by tracking with geolocator/immersion loggers, along with 6 years of RP data. We found that individual breeding and non-breeding phenology correlated with subsequent RP, with birds hyperactive during winter more likely to fail to reproduce. Furthermore, parental investment during one year influenced breeding success during the next, a COE reflecting the trade-off between current and future RP. Our results suggest that different life-history stages interact to influence RP in the next breeding season, so that behaviour patterns during winter may be important determinants of variation in subsequent fitness among individuals.

scholarly journals Experimental heating reveals nest temperature affects nestling condition in tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor )

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H Pérez ◽  
Daniel R Ardia ◽  
Elise K Chad ◽  
Ethan D Clotfelter
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Tachycineta Bicolor ◽  
Tree Swallow ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Treatment Status ◽  
Carry Over

Investment in one life-history stage can have delayed effects on subsequent life-history stages within a single reproductive bout. We experimentally heated tree swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor ) nests during incubation to test for effects on parental and nestling conditions. Females incubating in heated boxes maintained higher body condition and fed nestlings at higher rates. We cross-fostered nestlings and found that young nestlings (4–7 days old) incubated in heated nests had higher body condition and body mass, regardless of treatment status of their rearing parent. However, older nestlings which were fed by heated females maintained higher condition and body mass regardless of treatment status of their incubating parent. These results indicate that investment in one life-history stage can have multiple pathways of carry-over effects on future life-history stages.

scholarly journals The Marine Gastropod Crepidula fornicata Remains Resilient to Ocean Acidification Across Two Life History Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Reyes-Giler ◽  
Brooke E. Benson ◽  
Morgan Levy ◽  
Xuqing Chen ◽  
Anthony Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Life History ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Marine Gastropod ◽  
Crepidula Fornicata ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Genome Wide Gene Expression

Rising atmospheric CO2 reduces seawater pH causing ocean acidification (OA). Understanding how resilient marine organisms respond to OA may help predict how community dynamics will shift as CO2 continues rising. The common slipper shell snail Crepidula fornicata is a marine gastropod native to eastern North America that has been a successful invader along the western European coastline and elsewhere. It has also been previously shown to be resilient to global change stressors. To examine the mechanisms underlying C. fornicata’s resilience to OA, we conducted two controlled laboratory experiments. First, we examined several phenotypes and genome-wide gene expression of C. fornicata in response to pH treatments (7.5, 7.6, and 8.0) throughout the larval stage and then tested how conditions experienced as larvae influenced juvenile stages (i.e., carry-over effects). Second, we examined genome-wide gene expression patterns of C. fornicata larvae in response to acute (4, 10, 24, and 48 h) pH treatment (7.5 and 8.0). Both C. fornicata larvae and juveniles exhibited resilience to OA and their gene expression responses highlight the role of transcriptome plasticity in this resilience. Larvae did not exhibit reduced growth under OA until they were at least 8 days old. These phenotypic effects were preceded by broad transcriptomic changes, which likely served as an acclimation mechanism for combating reduced pH conditions frequently experienced in littoral zones. Larvae reared in reduced pH conditions also took longer to become competent to metamorphose. In addition, while juvenile sizes at metamorphosis reflected larval rearing pH conditions, no carry-over effects on juvenile growth rates were observed. Transcriptomic analyses suggest increased metabolism under OA, which may indicate compensation in reduced pH environments. Transcriptomic analyses through time suggest that these energetic burdens experienced under OA eventually dissipate, allowing C. fornicata to reduce metabolic demands and acclimate to reduced pH. Carry-over effects from larval OA conditions were observed in juveniles; however, these effects were larger for more severe OA conditions and larvae reared in those conditions also demonstrated less transcriptome elasticity. This study highlights the importance of assessing the effects of OA across life history stages and demonstrates how transcriptomic plasticity may allow highly resilient organisms, like C. fornicata, to acclimate to reduced pH environments.

Introduction

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Reproductive Life History

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book is primarily about physiological mechanisms, but it also addresses the specific question of what we know about the physiological, metabolic, energetic, and hormonal mechanisms that regulate, and potentially determine, individual, or phenotypic, variation in key reproductive life-history traits, trade-offs between these traits, and trade-offs and carry-over effects between different life-history stages. Initially, it focuses on the avian reproductive cycle (from seasonal gonadal development, through egg-laying and incubation, to chick-rearing), and then it expands this view to consider reproduction in the broader context of the annual cycle and over an individual's entire lifetime. Throughout the book develops two major themes: that we need to consider reproductive physiology and ecology from a female perspective and that we need to consider the causes and consequences of individual (phenotypic) variation in reproductive life-history traits.

scholarly journals Coinfection with a virus constrains within-host infection load but increases transmission potential of a highly virulent fungal plant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Susi ◽  
Suvi Sallinen ◽  
Anna-Liisa Laine
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Pathogen Populations

The trade-off between within-host infection load and transmission to new hosts is predicted to constrain pathogen evolution, and to maintain polymorphism in pathogen populations. The life-history stages and their correlations that underpin infection development may change under coinfection with other parasites as they compete for the same limited host resources. Cross-kingdom interactions are common among pathogens in both natural and cultivated systems yet their impact on disease ecology and evolution are rarely studied. Host plant Plantago lanceolata is naturally infected by both Phompopsis subordinaria, a seed killing fungus, as well as Plantago lanceolata latent virus (PlLV) in the Åland Islands, SW Finland. We performed an inoculation assay to test whether coinfection with PlLV affects performance of two P. subordinaria strains, and the correlation between within-host infection load and transmission potential. The strains differed in the measured life-history traits and their correlations. Moreover, we found that under virus coinfection, within-host infection load of P. subordinaria was lower but transmission potential was higher compared to strains under single infection. The negative correlation between within-host infection load and transmission potential detected under single infection became positive under coinfection with PlLV. In wild populations, within-host infection load was positively associated with within-population disease prevalence. Jointly, our results suggest that the trade-off between within-host infection load and transmission may be strain specific, and that the pathogen life-history that underpin epidemics may change depending on the diversity of infection, generating variation in disease dynamics.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analyses of the termite, Cryptotermes secundus, reveal a gene network underlying a long lifespan and high fecundity

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silu Lin ◽  
Jana Werle ◽  
Judith Korb
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Social Communication ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Social Insect ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Trade Off

AbstractOrganisms are typically characterized by a trade-off between fecundity and longevity. Notable exceptions are social insects. In insect colonies, the reproducing caste (queens) outlive their non-reproducing nestmate workers by orders of magnitude and realize fecundities and lifespans unparalleled among insects. How this is achieved is not understood. Here, we identified a single module of co-expressed genes that characterized queens in the termite species Cryptotermes secundus. It encompassed genes from all essential pathways known to be involved in life-history regulation in solitary model organisms. By manipulating its endocrine component, we tested the recent hypothesis that re-wiring along the nutrient-sensing/endocrine/fecundity axis can account for the reversal of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insect queens. Our data from termites do not support this hypothesis. However, they revealed striking links to social communication that offer new avenues to understand the re-modelling of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in social insects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document