scholarly journals When dogs look back: inhibition of independent problem-solving behaviour in domestic dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) compared with wolves ( Canis lupus )

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 20150489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique A. R. Udell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Social Sensitivity ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Puzzle Box ◽  
Average Success Rate

Domestic dogs have been recognized for their social sensitivity and aptitude in human-guided tasks. For example, prior studies have demonstrated that dogs look to humans when confronted with an unsolvable task; an action often interpreted as soliciting necessary help. Conversely, wolves persist on such tasks. While dogs' ‘looking back’ behaviour has been used as an example of socio-cognitive advancement, an alternative explanation is that pet dogs show less persistence on independent tasks more generally. In this study, pet dogs, shelter dogs and wolves were given up to three opportunities to open a solvable puzzle box: when subjects were with a neutral human caretaker, alone and when encouraged by the human. Wolves were more persistent and more successful on this task than dogs, with 80% average success rate for wolves versus a 5% average success rate for dogs in both the human-in and alone conditions. Dogs showed increased contact with the puzzle box during the encouragement condition, but only a moderate increase in problem-solving success. Social sensitivity appears to play an important role in pet and shelter dogs' willingness to engage in problem-solving behaviour, which could suggest generalized dependence on, or deference to, human action.

Training influences problem-solving abilities in dogs (canis lupus familiaris)

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 103-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Osthaus ◽  
S. E. G. Lea ◽  
A. M. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Secondary Reinforcer ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Clicker Training

One way of testing cognitive abilities (or intelligence”) is by using so-called “means-end” tests, where the desired outcome can only be achieved by utilising some means to that end. Pulling a piece of food that is out of reach into reach with the help of an attached string is one of these means-end tasks. The ability of dogs to solve this problem has so far been only tested in 4 studies, all from the 1930s and 40s, with a total of 11 dogs and varying success. Additionally to exploring this basic cognitive ability in pet dogs the study explored whether training, and in particular so-called Clicker training (operant conditioning with secondary reinforcer), had an influence on the performance in this task.

scholarly journals The oxytocin receptor gene, an integral piece of the evolution of Canis familaris from Canis lupus

2016 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Lee Oliva ◽  
Yen T Wong ◽  
Jean-Loup Rault ◽  
Belinda Appleton ◽  
Alan Lill
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor Gene ◽  
Shelter Dogs ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Object Choice Task

<p>Previous research in canids has revealed both group (dog versus wolf) and individual differences in object choice task (OCT) performance. These differences might be explained by variation in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene, as intranasally administered oxytocin has recently been shown to improve performance on this task by domestic dogs. This study looked at microsatellites at various distances from the OXTR gene to determine whether there was an association between this gene and: i) species (dog/wolf) and ii) good versus bad OCT performers. Ten primer sets were designed to amplify 10 microsatellites that were identified at various distances from the canine OXTR gene. We used 94 (52 males, 42 females) blood samples from shelter dogs, 75 (33 males, 42 females) saliva samples from pet dogs and 12 (6 males, 6 females) captive wolf saliva samples to carry out our analyses. Significant species differences were found in the two markers closest to the OXTR gene, suggesting that this gene may have played an important part in the domestic dogs’ evolution from the wolf. However, no significant, meaningful differences were found in microsatellites between good versus bad OCT performers, which suggests that other factors, such as different training and socialisation experiences, probably impacted task performance.</p>

scholarly journals Do domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) perceive the Delboeuf illusion?

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Miletto Petrazzini ◽  
Angelo Bisazza ◽  
Christian Agrillo
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Delboeuf Illusion

scholarly journals Deviation Tolerance Performance Evaluation and Experiment of Picking End Effector for Famous Tea

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Yingpeng Zhu ◽  
Chuanyu Wu ◽  
Junhua Tong ◽  
Jianneng Chen ◽  
Leiying He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
End Effectors ◽  
Average Success Rate

Accurately obtaining the posture and spatial position of tea buds through machine vision and other technologies is difficult due to the small size, different shapes, and complex growth environment of tea buds. Therefore, end effectors are prone to problems, such as picking omission and picking error. This study designs a picking end effector based on negative pressure guidance for famous tea. This end effector uses negative pressure to guide tea buds in a top-down manner, thereby correcting their posture and spatial position. Therefore, the designed end effector has deviation tolerance performance that can improve the picking success rate. The pre-experiment is designed, the tip of apical bud is referred to as the descent position, and the negative pressure range is determined to be 0.6 to 0.9 kPa. A deviation tolerance orthogonal experiment is designed. Experimental results show that various experimental factors are ranked in terms of the significance level of the effect on the average success rate, and the significance ranking is as follows: negative pressure (P) > pipe diameter (D) > descent speed (V). An evaluation method of deviation tolerance performance is presented, and the optimal experiment factor-level combination is determined as: P = 0.9 kPa, D = 34 mm, V = 20 mm/s. Within the deviation range of a 10 mm radius, the average success rate of the negative pressure guidance of the end effector is 97.36%. The designed end effector can be applied to the intelligent picking of famous tea. This study can provide a reference for the design of similar picking end effectors for famous tea.

Successful cloning of coyotes through interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer using domestic dog oocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Insung Hwang ◽  
Yeon Woo Jeong ◽  
Joung Joo Kim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Lee ◽  
Mina Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canis Lupus Familiaris ◽  
Cloning Efficiency ◽  
Donor Cells

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) is an emerging assisted reproductive technology (ART) for preserving Nature’s diversity. The scarcity of oocytes from some species makes utilisation of readily available oocytes inevitable. In the present study, we describe the successful cloning of coyotes (Canis latrans) through iSCNT using oocytes from domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris or dingo). Transfer of 320 interspecies-reconstructed embryos into 22 domestic dog recipients resulted in six pregnancies, from which eight viable offspring were delivered. Fusion rate and cloning efficiency during iSCNT cloning of coyotes were not significantly different from those observed during intraspecies cloning of domestic dogs. Using neonatal fibroblasts as donor cells significantly improved the cloning efficiency compared with cloning using adult fibroblast donor cells (P < 0.05). The use of domestic dog oocytes in the cloning of coyotes in the present study holds promise for cloning other endangered species in the Canidae family using similar techniques. However, there are still limitations of the iSCNT technology, as demonstrated by births of morphologically abnormal coyotes and the clones’ inheritance of maternal domestic dog mitochondrial DNA.

Effect of semen collection method on sperm motility of gray wolves (Canis lupus) and domestic dogs (C. l. familiaris)

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce W. Christensen ◽  
Cheryl S. Asa ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Lindsey Vansandt ◽  
Karen Bauman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Semen Collection

Treatment Strategies in Osteochondral Defects of the Talar Dome: a Systematic Review

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Tol ◽  
P.A.A. Struijs ◽  
P.M.M. Bossuyt ◽  
R.A.W. Verhagen ◽  
C.N. van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Osteochondral Defects ◽  
Cancellous Bone Grafting ◽  
Surgical Strategies ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Average Success Rate

The aim of this study was to investigate the results of different treatment strategies for osteochondral defects (OCD) of the talus. Electronic databases from 1966 to July 1998 were systematically screened. Based on our inclusion criteria 32 studies describing the results of treatment strategies for OCD of the talus were included. No randomized clinical trials (RCT's) were identified. Fourteen studies described the results of excision alone, 11 the results of (EC), 14 the results of (ECD), 1 the results of cancellous bone grafting after EC, 1 the results of osteochondral transplantation and 3 the results of fixation. The average success rate of non-operative treatment (NT) was 45%. Comparison of different surgical procedures shows that the average highest success rate was reached by excision, curettage and drilling (ECD) (85%) followed by excision and curettage (EC) (78%) and excision alone (38%). Based on this systematic review we conclude that NT and excision alone are not to be recommended in treating talar OCD. Both EC and ECD have been shown to lead to a high percentage good/excellent results. However, due to great diversity in the articles and variability in treatment results, no definitive conclusions can be drawn. Further prospective randomized controlled trials are required to compare the outcome of these two surgical strategies for OCD of the talus.

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