scholarly journals Beta-diversity on deep-sea wood falls reflects gradients in energy availability

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 20140129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig McClain ◽  
James Barry
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Wood Fall

Wood falls on the deep-sea floor represent a significant source of energy into the food-limited deep sea. Unique communities of primarily wood- and sulfide-obligate species form on these wood falls. However, little is known regarding patterns and drivers of variation in the composition of wood fall communities through space and time, and thus, how wood falls contribute to deep-sea biodiversity. Eighteen Acacia logs varying in size were placed and retrieved after five years at a 3200 m site in the Pacific Ocean. We found that the taxonomic composition and structure of deep-sea wood fall communities varied considerably and equated with considerable differences in energy usage and availability. Our findings suggest that natural variability in wood falls may contribute significantly to deep-sea diversity.

Proposed names of features on the deep-sea floor 1. The Pacific Ocean

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D.H. Wiseman ◽  
Cameron D. Ovey
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals North West Pacific deep-sea barnacles (Cirripedia, Thoracica) collected by the TAIWAN expeditions, with descriptions of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2405 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENNY K. K. CHAN ◽  
ROMANUS EDY PRABOWO ◽  
KWEN-SHEN LEE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
North West ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Large Island ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Western

Taiwan is a large island in north western Pacific waters with the sea floor connecting to two major deep-sea basins, the eastern waters facing the Pacific Ocean (to 4000 m depth) and linking to the Philippine Basin, whilst south western waters are associated with the South China Sea Basin (up to 1000 m). Previously, the biodiversity of Taiwanese deep-sea barnacles had not been studied extensively, due to a lack of deep-sea expeditions and sampling. Recently, several TAIWAN deep-sea cruises investigated the biodiversity of the deep-sea fauna of Taiwan and sampling was conducted to depths of 4000 m. The present study reports on the biodiversity of the deep-sea barnacles of Taiwan, a total of 18 species. One species was previously recorded from Taiwanese waters and 17 are new records, including two new species belong to the genera Litoscalpellum and Altiverruca.

A Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Carbonate Dissolution in Deep-Sea Sediments and its Application to Paleoceanographic Reconstruction

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teh-Lung Ku ◽  
Tadamichi Oba
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Bottom Water ◽  
Carbonate Dissolution ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Difference

A method is proposed by which the degree of attrition of the tests of certain foraminifera species, such as Globorotalia menardii and Globorotalia tumida, is used to “scale” the amount of CaCO3 that has been dissolved from sediment. The scale is calibrated experimentally in the laboratory. The method has been applied to three calcareous cores from the Pacific and the Indian Oceans. It is shown that the original CaCO3 contents in these cores were high (82–95%) and relatively uniform compared to the present down-core values. About 65 to 85% of the originally deposited CaCO3 has been dissolved, corresponding to dissolution rates on the order of 0.1-0.3 moles/cm2/yr. These results indicate that appreciable solution could have occurred on sea floor rich in calcareous sediments and that the variation in CaCO3 content in a core may have resulted largely from dissolution. The difference in the degree of solution between glacial and interglacial sediments in these cores is not so distinct, with ⋍ 10% less intense dissolution during glacial times on the average. However, the dissolution minimum occurring around the late Wisconsin glaciation (10,000–20,000 yr B.P.) previously noted in several cores elsewhere is confirmed. At that time, near the site of core M70 PC-20 in the southwest Pacific, the CO32− concentration of the bottom water is estimated to have been approximately 5% higher than the present value, and the calcite lysocline was about 300 m deeper. To evaluate possible variations in CaCO3 deposition rate across the glacial-interglacial transitions requires precise age control, which the present study lacks.

scholarly journals A biogeographic network reveals evolutionary links between deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep faunas

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1844) ◽  
pp. 20162337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Kiel
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Active Continental Margins ◽  
Ocean Ridge

Deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seeps are inhabited by members of the same higher taxa but share few species, thus scientists have long sought habitats or regions of intermediate character that would facilitate connectivity among these habitats. Here, a network analysis of 79 vent, seep, and whale-fall communities with 121 genus-level taxa identified sedimented vents as a main intermediate link between the two types of ecosystems. Sedimented vents share hot, metal-rich fluids with mid-ocean ridge-type vents and soft sediment with seeps. Such sites are common along the active continental margins of the Pacific Ocean, facilitating connectivity among vent/seep faunas in this region. By contrast, sedimented vents are rare in the Atlantic Ocean, offering an explanation for the greater distinction between its vent and seep faunas compared with those of the Pacific Ocean. The distribution of subduction zones and associated back-arc basins, where sedimented vents are common, likely plays a major role in the evolutionary and biogeographic connectivity of vent and seep faunas. The hypothesis that decaying whale carcasses are dispersal stepping stones linking these environments is not supported.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of the Pyrene-Degrading Bacterium Cycloclasticus sp. Strain P1

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (23) ◽  
pp. 6677-6677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiliang Lai ◽  
Weiwei Li ◽  
Baojiang Wang ◽  
Zhiwei Yu ◽  
Zongze Shao
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Degrading Bacterium ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

ABSTRACTCycloclasticussp. strain P1 was isolated from deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean and characterized as a unique bacterium in the degradation of pyrene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). Here we report the complete genome of P1 and genes associated with PAH degradation.

scholarly journals Association of deep-sea incirrate octopods with manganese crusts and nodule fields in the Pacific Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. R1268-R1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autun Purser ◽  
Yann Marcon ◽  
Henk-Jan T. Hoving ◽  
Michael Vecchione ◽  
Uwe Piatkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Taxonomy and biogeography of Molgolaimus Ditlevsen, 1921 (Nematoda: Chromadoria) with reference to the origins of deep sea nematodes

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Fonseca ◽  
Ann Vanreusel ◽  
Wilfrieda Decraemer
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Total Community ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Molgolaimus is a genus of free-living marine nematodes which is found in high densities (10–35% of the total community) up to 2000 m depth. Its occurrence is often associated with organically enriched and recently disturbed areas. Currently, only 16 species have been described, mainly from shallow waters. The present study contributes 17 new species mainly from the Weddell Sea but also from the Pacific Ocean, and provides an illustrated polytomous identification key to species level. The 33 Molgolaimus species described can be identified based on just a few morphometric features: spicule length, body length, anal body diameter, tail length and pharynx length. A first insight into the biogeography of this deep sea genus at species level is presented. A comparison of morphometric characteristics between species suggests that the most similar species co-occur in the same geographical region, rather than within the same bathymetric zones or similar ecosystems separated over long distances. These observations suggest that deep sea nematodes may not have a common origin but might have derived “recently” from shallow water taxa. Therefore, global distribution of nematodes could be explained by means of palaeogeographical events.

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