scholarly journals Experimentally increased noise levels change spatial and singing behaviour

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20120771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Elizabeth McLaughlin ◽  
Hansjoerg P. Kunc
Keyword(s):  
Noise Source ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Erithacus Rubecula ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Infrastructure

The reasons why animal populations decline in response to anthropogenic noise are still poorly understood. To understand how populations are affected by noise, we must understand how individuals are affected by noise. By modifying the acoustic environment experimentally, we studied the potential relationship between noise levels and both spatial and singing behaviour in the European robin ( Erithacus rubecula ). We found that with increasing noise levels, males were more likely to move away from the noise source and changed their singing behaviour. Our results provide the first experimental evidence in a free ranging species, that not merely the presence of noise causes changes in behaviour and distribution, but that the level of noise pollution plays a crucial role as well. Our results have important implications for estimating the impact of infrastructure which differs in the level of noise produced. Thus, governmental planning bodies should not only consider the physical effect on the landscape when assessing the impact of new infrastructure, but also the noise levels emitted, which may reduce the loss of suitable habitats available for animals.

scholarly journals People exposed to traffic noise in european agglomerations from noise maps. A critical review

Noise Mapping ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Arana ◽  
Ricardo San Martin ◽  
Juan C. Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTwo of the main objectives of the European Directive on environmental noise are, firstly, to unify acoustic indices for assessing environmental noise and, secondly, to standardize assessment methodologies. The ultimate goal is to objectively and comparably manage the impact and evolution of environmental noise caused both by urban agglomerations and by traffic infrastructures (roads, rails and airports). The use of common indices and methodologies (together with five-year plan assessment required by the authorities in charge) should show how noise pollution levels are evolving plus the effectiveness of corrective measures implemented in the action plans. In this paper, available results fromnumerous European agglomerations (with particular emphasis on Spanish agglomerations) are compared and analysed. The impact and its evolution are based on the percentage of people exposed to noise. More specifically, it demonstrates the impact caused by road traffic, which proves to be the main noise source in all agglomerations. In many cases, the results are extremely remarkable. In some case, the results are illogical. For such cases, it can be concluded that either assessment methodologies have been signifi- cantly amended or the input variables to the calculation programs have been remarkably changed. The uncertainty associated with the results is such that, in our opinion, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the effectiveness of remedial measures designed within the action plans after the Directive’s first implementation Phase.

Effects of the reduction of aircraft noise emission due to the travel restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic at residential areas around Tan Son Nhat Airport

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 5114-5124
Author(s):  
Thulan Nguyen ◽  
Tran Thi Hong Nhung Nguyen ◽  
Bach Lien Trieu ◽  
Makoto Morinaga ◽  
Yasuhiro Hiraguri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Travel Restriction

The travel restrictions caused by the epidemic outbreak in early 2020 worldwide have caused many changes in all aspects of life, especially in the acoustic environment. This study examines the impact of this environmental change at Tan Son Nhat International Airport (TSN), the largest airport in Vietnam, by comparing the situations before and after the airport stopped operating all international flights in March 2020. The after-the-change survey was conducted in 2 phases, June and September 2020, three months and six months after the stop decision. The number of flights observed in August 2019 was 728; this number is 413 and 299 for the two surveys in 2020. The range of noise levels estimated for 12 sites around TSN decreased from 63-81 dB in 2019 to 32-67 dB in June 2020 and 33-69 dB in September 2020. At the same aircraft noise level, the percentage of highly annoyed (% HA) and the percentage of insomnia (%ISM) in the 2020 survey are higher than those in the 2019 survey. The comparison results of reaction to noise before and after the TSN's noise change indicated an increase in negative responses to noise might happen in the increased noise and reduced noise situation.

Survival analyses

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-244
Author(s):  
Sarah Cubaynes ◽  
Simon Galas ◽  
Myriam Richaud ◽  
Ana Sanz Aguilar ◽  
Roger Pradel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Imperfect Detection ◽  
Survival Analyses ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Impact

Survival analyses are a key tool for demographers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists. This chapter presents the most common methods and illustrates their use for species across the Tree of Life. It discusses the challenges associated with various types of survival data, how to model species with a complex life cycle, and includes the impact of environmental factors and individual heterogeneity. It covers the analysis of ‘known-fate’ data collected in lab conditions, using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and Cox’s proportional hazard regression analysis. Alternatively, survival data collected on free-ranging populations usually involve individuals missing at certain monitoring occasions and unknown time at death. The chapter provides an overview of capture–mark–recapture (CMR) models, from single-state to multi-state and multi-event models, and their use in animal and plant demography to estimate demographic parameters while correcting for imperfect detection of individuals. It discusses various inference frameworks available to implement CMR models using a frequentist or Bayesian approach. Only humans are an exception among free-ranging populations, with the existence of several consequent databases with perfect knowledge of age and cause of death for all individuals. The chapter presents an overview of the most common models used to describe mortality patterns over age and time using human mortality data. Throughout, focus is placed on eight case studies, which involve lab organisms, free-ranging animal populations, plant populations, and human populations. Each example includes data and codes, together with step-by-step guidance to run the survival analysis.

scholarly journals Evidence of Cnidarians sensitivity to sound after exposure to low frequency noise underwater sources

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Solé ◽  
Marc Lenoir ◽  
José Manuel Fontuño ◽  
Mercè Durfort ◽  
Mike van der Schaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Jellyfishes represent a group of species that play an important role in oceans, particularly as a food source for different taxa and as a predator of fish larvae and planktonic prey. The massive introduction of artificial sound sources in the oceans has become a concern to science and society. While we are only beginning to understand that non-hearing specialists like cephalopods can be affected by anthropogenic noises and regulation is underway to measure European water noise levels, we still don’t know yet if the impact of sound may be extended to other lower level taxa of the food web. Here we exposed two species of Mediterranean Scyphozoan medusa, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Rhizostoma pulmo to a sweep of low frequency sounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed injuries in the statocyst sensory epithelium of both species after exposure to sound, that are consistent with the manifestation of a massive acoustic trauma observed in other species. The presence of acoustic trauma in marine species that are not hearing specialists, like medusa, shows the magnitude of the problem of noise pollution and the complexity of the task to determine threshold values that would help building up regulation to prevent permanent damage of the ecosystems.

Adaptive Differential Evolution Optimization-Based Noise-Level Measurement for High-Speed Railways

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812098300
Author(s):  
R. Ganesh Babu ◽  
C. Chellaswamy ◽  
T. S. Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Adaptive Differential Evolution ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the possibilities of estimating noise pollution created by high-speed railway systems in nearby locations. Railway systems have significant effects on the environment. Therefore, a college campus situated near a high-speed railway was selected as the study area. In this paper, an adaptive differential evolution optimization (ADEO) algorithm-based noise-level measurement is proposed. Various measurements such as the noise levels indoors, outdoors, and near the track were carried out in the college area and applied to ADEO for optimization. A study of the impact of railway noise on student learning was made. ADEO was used to predict the maximum noise level and the maximum noise distribution in the college area through the model. An experimental study was performed, and the results were compared with the estimated results. The results indicated the consistency of both the estimated and experimental results and the error as less than 1 dBA; the noise level exceeded 65 dBA in a few classrooms. Therefore, the proposed noise measurement for high-speed railway based on the ADEO technique has been considered as the most effective and superior optimization tool.

Assessment of Traffic Noise on Highway Passing from Urban Agglomeration

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritesh Vijay ◽  
Chandan Kori ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
T. Chakrabarti ◽  
Rajesh Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Noise Abatement ◽  
Road Width ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of traffic noise pollution in developing countries is complex due to heterogeneity in traffic conditions like traffic volume, road width, honking, etc. To analyze the impact of such variables, a research study was carried out on a national highway passing from an urban agglomeration. Traffic volume and noise levels (L10, L min , L max , L eq and L90) were measured during morning and evening peak hours. Contribution of noise by individual vehicle was estimated using passenger car noise unit. Extent of noise pollution and impact of noisy vehicles were estimated using noise pollution level and traffic noise index, respectively. Noise levels were observed to be above the prescribed Indian and International standards. As per audio spectrum analysis of traffic noise, honking contributed an additional 3–4 dB(A) noise. Based on data analysis, a positive relationship was observed between noise levels and honking while negative correlation was observed between noise levels and road width. The study suggests that proper monitoring and analysis of traffic data is required for better planning of noise abatement measures.

A Fuzzy Approach for Modelling the Effects of Noise Pollution on Human Performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheeruddin ◽  
◽  
V. K. Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Performance ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Noise

In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a fuzzy model for determining the work efficiency of humans as a function of noise level, exposure time, and the type of task. The modelling technique is based on the concept of fuzzy logic, which offers a convenient way of representing the relationships between the inputs and outputs of a system in the form of IF-THEN rules. It has been established on the basis of surveys that the impact of noise on work efficiency depends to a large extent on the type of tasks. The complex tasks get significantly affected even at much lower noise levels whereas the simple tasks remain unaffected up to very high noise levels. In addition, the duration of noise exposure is an important factor in determining the work efficiency. Finally, we have compared our model results with the deduction based on the criterion of Safe Exposure Limit recommended for industrial workers.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the noise pollution: case study in the city of Skopje

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087-2094
Author(s):  
Simona Domazetovska ◽  
Maja Anachkova ◽  
Viktor Gavriloski ◽  
Ankica Sokolikj ◽  
Sandra Stojkovska
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The lockdown that the city of Skopje has suffered during the months of April to June 2020 in order to control the spread of COVID-19 has significantly changed the acoustic environment in the urban parts of the city. The absence of vehicles, people on the streets and closed restaurants has led to a noise reduction captured by the low-cost wireless sensor network in the City of Skopje. The analysis carried out in this paper show reduction in noise pollution strongly correlated with the population's activity and behavior to the new circumstances. Overall, the sound pressure levels vary around 65 dB; however, some extreme decrease can be noticed, especially during the quarantine weekends. Also, the noise levels were compared between the same time periods during the year of 2019 and 2020, where it can be perceived reduction in the sound level for 36,5% for the day-evening-night noise level indicator (L). Significant variations occur for the indicators L, L, and L, especially during the lockdown weekends.

scholarly journals The Impact of Noise Pollution on Workers’ Health in Selected Industries of Mirzapur Industrial Area, Tangail, Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Alam ◽  
ST Akter ◽  
MS Sheikh ◽  
I Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Spinning Mill ◽  
The Impact

The unwanted and intolerable sound causes noise. The study was conducted through interviewing of workers and measuring of noise levels on six types of industries. The data were collected on April, May and June, 2013. The data of noise levels were measured at main gate, administration office and working place of the selected industries. The noise level at the working places during day time of the selected industries were 81.50 dB (textile mill), 104.20 dB (cotton mill), 90.50 dB (jute mill), 95.90 dB (spinning mill), 89.25 dB (knit and garments factory) and 83.50 dB (knitting factory), respectively. All the recorded noise level data in working places of the industries exceeded the DoE standard (75 dB at day time and 70 dB at night time) that caused noise pollution. The important contributors of noise pollution were machineries and overcrowding of the workers in the industry. Most of the common impacts of noise pollution were headache, heart diseases and hearing problem. To resolve the noise problem in industry it was suggested to eliminate the noise sources substituting noisy machineries and so on.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(2): 155-160 2016

scholarly journals Representation of the soundscape quality in urban areas through colours

Noise Mapping ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Virginia Puyana-Romero ◽  
Giuseppe Ciaburro ◽  
Giovanni Brambilla ◽  
Christiam Garzón ◽  
Luigi Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Noise Mapping ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractNoise mapping is a useful and widespread method to visualise various items like the exposure to noise pollution, statistics of affected population, different noise source contribution analysis, and it is also a useful tool in designing noise-control plans. Some researches have moved a step further, proposing maps to represent the people perception of the acoustic environment. Most of these maps use colours as mere tools to display the spatial variability of acoustic parameters. In this paper the colours associated by interviewed people to different urban soundscapes have been analysed, and the possibility of using meaningful colours to represent the soundscape quality in noise mapping has been examined. For this purpose, correspondence analysiswas applied on the data collected fromon-site interviews, performed in the water front of Naples and its surroundings. The outcomes show that in the pedestrian areas nearby the sea, the blue colour was often associated with the soundscape rating, whereas in the areas nearby the sea but open to road traffic the interviewees selected mainly the blue and grey colours. In the areas away from the sea, a wider selection of colours was observed: red and greywere predominantly selected in the areas open to road traffic and green, yellow and red in the green areas.

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