scholarly journals Divergent host-plant use promotes reproductive isolation among cynipid gall wasp populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Egan ◽  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
Jeff L. Feder ◽  
James R. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Divergent Natural Selection ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Quercus Geminata

Ecological speciation occurs when reproductive isolation evolves as a consequence of divergent natural selection among environments. A direct prediction of this process is that ecologically divergent pairs of populations will exhibit greater reproductive isolation than ecologically similar pairs of populations. By comparing allopatric populations of the cynipid gall wasp Belonocnema treatae infesting Quercus virginiana and Quercus geminata , we tested the role that divergent host use plays in generating ecological divergence and sexual isolation. We found differences in body size and gall structure associated with divergent host use, but no difference in neutral genetic divergence between populations on the same or different host plant. We observed significant assortative mating between populations from alternative host plants but not between allopatric populations on the same host plant. Thus, we provide evidence that divergent host use promotes speciation among gall wasp populations.

No character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Singh ◽  
Sujata Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sexual Isolation ◽  
Character Displacement ◽  
Sympatric Populations ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Drosophila Bipectinata ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
Drosophila Malerkotliana

To test whether character displacement for reproductive isolation between Drosophila bipectinata and Drosophila malerkotliana exists, the degree of sexual isolation was measured between their sympatric and allopatric populations. Although the isolation indices vary in different crosses, the average isolation index for sympatric populations is very close to that for allopatric populations. This shows no difference in the degree of sexual isolation between sympatric and allopatric populations of D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana. Thus there is no evidence for the existence of character displacement for sexual isolation between these two closely related sympatric species.Key words: Drosophila bipectinata, Drosophila malerkotliana, sexual isolation, sympatric and allopatric populations.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Habitat Isolation among Ecologically Divergent Gall Wasp Populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Egan ◽  
Glen R. Hood ◽  
James R. Ott
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Respective Host

Habitat isolation occurs when habitat preferences lower the probability of mating between individuals associated with differing habitats. While a potential barrier to gene flow during ecological speciation, the effect of habitat isolation on reproductive isolation has rarely been directly tested. Herein, we first estimated habitat preference for each of six populations of the gall waspBelonocnema treataeinhabiting eitherQuercus virginianaorQ. geminata. We then estimated the importance of habitat isolation in generating reproductive isolation betweenB. treataepopulations that were host specific to eitherQ. virginianaorQ. geminataby measuring mate preference in the presence and absence of the respective host plants. All populations exhibited host preference for their native plant, and assortative mating increased significantly in the presence of the respective host plants. This host-plant-mediated assortative mating demonstrates that habitat isolation likely plays an important role in promoting reproductive isolation among populations of this host-specific gall former.

scholarly journals Diversity, host ranges, and potential drivers of speciation among the inquiline enemies of oak gall wasps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna KG Ward ◽  
Sofia I Sheikh ◽  
Andrew A Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Extended Phenotype ◽  
Gall Wasp ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
The North ◽  
Gall Wasps ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
Fitness Tradeoffs

ABSTRACTAnimals that exploit an extended phenotype (e.g., residences, resources, etc.) of other animals are called inquilines. Not strictly parasites, inquilines may nevertheless possess specialized traits that adapt them to particular dimensions of the extended phenotype of their “host”. These adaptations to host traits can in turn lead to fitness tradeoffs that restrict the host range of an inquiline such that shifts to novel hosts might trigger inquiline diversification. Speciation via host shifting has been studied in many animal parasites, but we know far less about the role of host shifts in inquiline speciation. Synergus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) is a speciose but taxonomically-challenging group of inquilines that feed on the tissue of galls induced by oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Currently too little is known about Nearctic Synergus diversity or host associations to evaluate whether and how host use affects their diversification. Here, we report on a large collection of Synergus reared from galls of 33 oak gall wasp species in the upper Midwestern United States. We integrated DNA barcodes, morphology, ecology, and phenology to delimit putative species of Synergus and describe their host ranges. We find evidence of at least 23 Synergus species associated with the 33 gall wasp hosts. At least five previously described Synergus species are each a complex of two to five species, while three species fit no prior description. We also find strong evidence that oak tree section and host gall morphology define axes of specialization for Synergus. Without over-interpreting our singlegene tree, it is clear that the North American Synergus have experienced several transitions among gall hosts and tree habitats and that host-use is correlated with reproductive isolation, though it remains too early to tell whether shifts to new hosts are the initiators of speciation events in Synergus inquilines of oak gall wasps, or if host shifts occur after reproductive isolation has already evolved.

Diversity and Host Plant-Use in North American Phytomyza Holly Leafminers (Diptera: Agromyzidae): Colonization, Divergence, and Specificity in a Host-Associated Radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja J Scheffer ◽  
Matthew L Lewis ◽  
Julie B Hébert ◽  
Frode Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Host Associations

Abstract Insects that feed on plants are widely used for studies of host-plant-associated speciation due to their diversity and tractability. The value of these studies necessarily depends upon an accurate understanding of the diet of the focal insects. In North America, the 12 Phytomyza Fallén (Diptera: Agromyzidae) leafmining fly species feeding on hollies (Ilex spp. (Aquifoliaceae: Ilex)) initially appeared to be primarily a host-plant-associated radiation of largely monophagous species. However, our increased collecting efforts found that a majority of the morphospecies are oligophagous, feeding on multiple Ilex species. Patterns of host-associations suggest that colonization of new hosts followed by host-associated speciation may be an important feature of diversification. Analyses of mitochondrial COI data in three oligophagous species found evidence of host-associated genetic structure consistent with processes of host-associated divergence. However, in one of these species, evidence of geographic divergence as well as host-associated divergence was detected, illustrating complexity in factors relating to speciation and host-use evolution in this radiation of leafmining flies.

scholarly journals Host plant use by the Heath fritillary butterfly, Melitaea athalia: plant habitat, species and chemistry

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanneke H. Reudler Talsma ◽  
Kaisa Torri ◽  
Saskya van Nouhuys
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Plant Habitat ◽  
Host Plant Use

How foraging tactics determine host-plant use by a polyphagous caterpillar

Oecologia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singer ◽  
J. Stireman
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Foraging Tactics ◽  
Host Plant Use

Host-Plant Specialization Mediates the Influence of Plant Abundance on Host Use by Flower Head-Feeding Insects

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola A. F. Nobre ◽  
Leonardo L. Bergamini ◽  
Thomas M. Lewinsohn ◽  
Leonardo R. Jorge ◽  
Mário Almeida-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Flower Head ◽  
Host Use ◽  
Plant Abundance ◽  
Host Plant Specialization

Butterfly–host plant synchrony determines patterns of host use across years and regions

Oikos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Tenna Toftegaard ◽  
Diana Posledovich ◽  
José A. Navarro‐Cano ◽  
Christer Wiklund ◽  
Karl Gotthard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Use

Host Plant Use for Oviposition by the Insidious Flower Bug (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana S Pascua ◽  
Margarita Rocca ◽  
Patrick De Clercq ◽  
Nancy M Greco
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Use ◽  
Host Plant Use ◽  
Insidious Flower Bug
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document