scholarly journals Ecophysiological constraints shape autumn migratory response to climate change in the North American field sparrow

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B Monahan ◽  
Robert J Hijmans
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
The North ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Partial Migrant ◽  
Field Sparrow ◽  
Declining Species

Our ability to accurately forecast species' geographical responses to climate change requires knowledge of the proximate and ultimate drivers of their distribution. Here, we consider the ecophysiological and demographic determinants of the distribution of a partial migrant, the North American field sparrow, Spizella pusilla . From 1940 to 1963, the field sparrow extended its winter northern range margin 222 km polewards. Such expansion was coincident with not only a geographical expansion into suitable breeding habitats, but also a decrease in mean abundance across sites occupied during the winter surveys. Combined, these trends suggest that declining populations along the expansion front either stopped migrating or altered their autumn migration. The poleward expansion was not coincident with climatically induced decreases in peak metabolic energy demand, but it did track increases in ecosystem net primary productivity. After 1963, the species' lower lethal temperature prevented further poleward movement. These findings show how different ecophysiological constraints can interact to change migration and distribution in a demographically declining species.

Climate Change in the North American Arctic: A One Health Perspective

EcoHealth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Dudley ◽  
Eric P. Hoberg ◽  
Emily J. Jenkins ◽  
Alan J. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
One Health ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Arctic

scholarly journals Toward Assessing NARCCAP Regional Climate Model Credibility for the North American Monsoon: Future Climate Simulations*

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 6707-6728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Bukovsky ◽  
Carlos M. Carrillo ◽  
David J. Gochis ◽  
Dorit M. Hammerling ◽  
Rachel R. McCrary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
North American Monsoon ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Projected Changes

Abstract This study presents climate change results from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) suite of dynamically downscaled simulations for the North American monsoon system in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. The focus is on changes in precipitation and the processes driving the projected changes from the regional climate simulations and their driving coupled atmosphere–ocean global climate models. The effect of known biases on the projections is also examined. Overall, there is strong ensemble agreement for a large decrease in precipitation during the monsoon season; however, this agreement and the magnitude of the ensemble-mean change is likely deceiving, as the greatest decreases are produced by the simulations that are the most biased in the baseline/current climate. Furthermore, some of the greatest decreases in precipitation are being driven by changes in processes/phenomena that are less credible (e.g., changes in El Niño–Southern Oscillation, when it is initially not simulated well). In other simulations, the processes driving the precipitation change may be plausible, but other biases (e.g., biases in low-level moisture or precipitation intensity) appear to be affecting the magnitude of the projected changes. The most and least credible simulations are clearly identified, while the other simulations are mixed in their abilities to produce projections of value.

scholarly journals Climate change projections of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Mearns ◽  
S. Sain ◽  
L. R. Leung ◽  
M. S. Bukovsky ◽  
S. McGinnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Projections ◽  
Change Assessment ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
The North ◽  
Climate Change Assessment

Regional Governance of Global Climate Change: The North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele M. Betsill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
North American ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Environmental Cooperation ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
The North

Over the past decade the governance of global climate change has evolved into a complex, multi-level process involving actors and initiatives at multiple levels of social organization from the global to the local in both the public and private spheres. This article analyzes the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) as one component of this multilevel governance system. Specifically, it evaluates the CEC as a site of regional climate governance based on three potential advantages of governance through regional organizations: a small number of actors, opportunities for issue linkage, and linkage between national and global governance systems. On each count I find that the benefits of a CEC-based climate governance system are limited and argue for greater consideration of how such a system would interact with other forms of climate governance in North America.

The Sensitivity of Regional Climate Projections to SSP-Based Land Use Changes in the North American CORDEX Domain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bukovsky ◽  
Linda Mearns ◽  
Jing Gao ◽  
Brian O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
North American ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
The North

<p>In order to assess the combined effects of green-house-gas-induced climate change and land-use land-cover change (LULCC), we have produced regional climate model (RCM) simulations that are complementary to the North-American Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (NA-CORDEX) simulations, but with future LULCCs that are consistent with particular Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs).  In standard, existing NA-CORDEX simulations, land surface characteristics are held constant at present day conditions.  These new simulations, in conjunction with the NA-CORDEX simulations, will help us assess the magnitude of the changes in regional climate forced by LULCC relative to those produced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations.     </p><p>Understanding the magnitude of the regional climate effects of LULCC is important to the SSP-RCP scenarios framework.  Whether or not the pattern of climate change resulting from a given SSP-RCP pairing is sensitive to the pattern of LULCC is an understudied problem.  This work helps address this question, and will inform thinking about possible needed modifications to the scenarios framework to better account for climate-land use interactions.</p><p>Accordingly, in this presentation, we will examine the state of the climate at the end of the 21<sup>st</sup> century with and without SSP-driven LULCCs in RCM simulations produced using WRF under the RCP8.5 concentration scenario.  The included LULCC change effects have been created following the SSP3 and SSP5 narratives using an existing agricultural land model linked with a new long-term spatial urban land model. </p>

scholarly journals Range Expansion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Europe Is Promoted by Climate Change

ISRN Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Marion Carmen Leiblein ◽  
Oliver Tackenberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ◽  
The North ◽  
North American Data

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., native to North America, is a problematic invasive species, because of its highly allergenic pollen. The species is expected to expand its range due to climate change. By means of ecological niche modelling (ENM), we predict habitat suitability for A. artemisiifolia in Europe under current and future climatic conditions. Overall, we compared the performance and results of 16 algorithms commonly applied in ENM. As occurrence records of invasive species may be dominated by sampling bias, we also used data from the native range. To assess the quality of the modelling approaches we assembled a new map of current occurrences of A. artemisiifolia in Europe. Our results show that ENM yields a good estimation of the potential range of A. artemisiifolia in Europe only when using the North American data. A strong sampling bias in the European Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data for A. artemisiifolia causes unrealistic results. Using the North American data reflects the realized European distribution very well. All models predict an enlargement and a northwards shift of potential range in Central and Northern Europe during the next decades. Climate warming will lead to an increase and northwards shift of A. artemisiifolia in Europe.

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