scholarly journals Death of an order: a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study confirms that termites are eusocial cockroaches

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daegan Inward ◽  
George Beccaloni ◽  
Paul Eggleton
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Tropics

Termites are instantly recognizable mound-builders and house-eaters: their complex social lifestyles have made them incredibly successful throughout the tropics. Although known as ‘white ants’, they are not ants and their relationships with other insects remain unclear. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses, the most comprehensive yet attempted, show that termites are social cockroaches, no longer meriting being classified as a separate order (Isoptera) from the cockroaches (Blattodea). Instead, we propose that they should be treated as a family (Termitidae) of cockroaches. It is surprising to find that a group of wood-feeding cockroaches has evolved full sociality, as other ecologically dominant fully social insects (e.g. ants, social bees and social wasps) have evolved from solitary predatory wasps.

Description of Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. (Rhabditida: Anguinidae) from Iran, a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Samira Aliverdi ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Pharyngeal Bulb ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tail Tip

Summary Ditylenchus acantholimonis n. sp. is described based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. It was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Acantholimon sp. in Golestan province, Iran, and is mainly characterised by having four lines in the lateral field, a pyriform to bottle-shaped offset pharyngeal bulb, post-vulval uterine sac 36.6-56.1% of the vulva to anus distance long, and a subcylindrical to conical tail with widely rounded tip. It is further characterised by short to medium-sized females, 480-617 μm long, with a fine stylet having small rounded knobs, V = 80.8-83.6, c = 11.0-13.8, c′ = 3.3-4.6, and males with 16.0-17.0 μm long spicules. The new species was morphologically compared with six species having four lines in their lateral field, rounded tail tip and comparable morphometric data namely: D. dipsacoideus, D. emus, D. exilis, D. paraparvus, D. sturhani, and D. solani. It was also compared with two species, D. ferepolitor and D. angustus, forming a maximally supported clade in the 18S tree. The phylogenetic analyses using the maximal number of Anguinidae and several Sphaerularioidea genera based upon partial 18S and 28S rDNA D2-D3 sequences revealed that Ditylenchus is polyphyletic. In the 18S tree, the new species formed a clade with D. ferepolitor (KJ636374) and D. angustus (AJ966483); in the 28S tree it formed a poorly supported clade with D. phyllobios (KT192618) and Ditylenchus sp. (MG865719).

A molecular phylogenetic study of two relict species of melanopline grasshoppers

Genome ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Chapco ◽  
G Litzenberger
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Relict Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences ◽  
The Times

Two species belonging to the large grasshopper genus Melanoplus, Melanoplus gaspesiensis and Melanoplus madeleineae, are thought to have survived in refugia in eastern Canada during the Wisconsin glaciation period and perhaps during earlier glacial episodes as well. It has been proposed that either Melanoplus borealis, which is widely distributed today, or its antecedent gave rise to the two relict species. Our research, based on standard phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial sequences, examines this claim by establishing the positions of M. gaspesiensis and M. madeleineae within Melanoplus. There is a very close and strongly supported connection between M. madeleineae and M. borealis (d = 1.36%), whereas M. gaspesiensis is more distant from the latter (d = 2.08%) and appears closely aligned with two other species. Molecular clock estimates of the times of separation of M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis from M. borealis are 0.68 and 1.04 million years ago, respectively. Within-species diversities of 1.01 and 0.70% for M. madeleineae and M. gaspesiensis, respectively, are of comparable magnitudes to that of the continentally distributed Melanoplus sanguinipes (0.86%), clearly indicating that neither species endured bottleneck effects despite isolation.Key words: grasshopper, Melanoplus, relict species, mtDNA.

scholarly journals Herzog Vindicated: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals that Trichostomum brachydontium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) Comprises Several Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Ros ◽  
Olaf Werner ◽  
Ron D. Porley
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
New Name ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages

The morphologically variable moss Trichostomum brachydontium is very common in south and west Europe, particularly under Mediterranean and Atlantic climates. A morphological study was conducted alongside a molecular phylogenetic study based on nr ITS and cp rbcL regions in order to assess if T. brachydontium is an exceptionally polymorphic species as evidenced by the number of described infraspecific taxa from the last century or, alternatively, if it includes more than one species, and if so, to find the valid name for them. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and chloroplast datasets show that there are four well-supported clades. While the ITS based tree is in good agreement with the morphological data, there are a few inconsistencies with reference to the rbcL tree; this may be explained by incomplete lineage sorting or by hybridization. The morphological survey revealed well-defined discriminate differences between the four phylogenetic lineages. The taxonomic conclusions include the recognition of four species: T. brachydontium s.s., T. herzogii (a new name proposed for var. cuspidatum), T. littorale and T. meridionale (a new name proposed for var. densum). Lectotypes are designated for T. brachydontium and T. littorale. Our results underline the ongoing need of integrative studies to examine further the underestimated diversity of the T. brachydontium complex in other regions.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Tropidieae (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) with taxonomic and evolutionary implications

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Izai A. B. Sabino Kikuchi ◽  
Paul J. A. Keβler ◽  
André Schuiteman ◽  
Jin Murata ◽  
Tetsuo Ohi-Toma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
High Support ◽  
Photosynthetic Ability

The orchid tribe Tropidieae comprises three genera, Tropidia, Corymborkis and Kalimantanorchis. There are three fully mycoheterotrophic species within Tropidieae: Tropidia saprophytica, T. connata and Kalimantanorchis nagamasui. A previous phylogenetic study of K. nagamasui, based only on plastid matK data, placed K. nagamasui outside the clade of Tropidia and Corymborkis without support. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses using a nuclear ribosomal DNA spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), a low-copy nuclear coding gene (Xdh) and a mitochondrial intron (nad1b-c intron) to study the phylogenetic relationships within Tropidieae. We included six photosynthetic and all three fully mycoheterotrophic Tropidieae species. The resulting phylogenetic trees placed these fully mycoheterotrophic species inside the Tropidia clade with high support. In our trees, these three species do not form a monophyletic group together, because the photosynthetic T. graminea is nested amongst them. Our results also suggest that the loss of photosynthetic ability occurred at least twice in Tropidia.

A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of Fasciolariidae (Gastropoda: Buccinoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4684 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-65
Author(s):  
DIOGO R. COUTO ◽  
LUIZ R. L. R. SIMONE
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Tropics

Fasciolariids are buccinoid neogastropods and key predators in the tropics and subtropics, comprising more than 500 species in the subfamilies Fasciolariinae, Fusininae and Peristerniinae. Tulip shells, horse-conchs, spindles, etc., have been grouped into heterogeneous combinations of unrelated species, while several generic names have been used to group conchologically similar species. The latest molecular phylogenetic study conflicts with the current circumscription of many genera, and even more so, with the three currently recognized subfamilies. This work is the first morphological approach to the phylogeny of fasciolariids, using a parsimony analysis in TnT of 53 taxa based on 100 characters. This analysis reveals a monophyletic Fasciolariidae, with the genera Dolicholatirus and Teralatirus representing the most basal clade in the family, followed by three nodes that correspond to a fusinine grade, which includes the genus Pseudolatirus (Peristerniinae). A terminal clade groups the peristerniine genera Peristernia and Fusolatirus, fasciolariines and the remaining peristerniines. Although none of these clades correspond to currently accepted taxonomic groups, the latter two clades are corroborated in the most recent multilocus molecular phylogeny. This study supports the utility of morphological data in the recovery of groups, even in the molecular era. 

scholarly journals A molecular phylogenetic study of the caecal fluke of poultry, Postharmostomum commutatum (= P. gallinum) (Trematoda: Brachylaimidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 3927-3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa C. Valadão ◽  
Beatriz C. M. Silva ◽  
Danimar López-Hernández ◽  
Jackson V. Araújo ◽  
Sean A. Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Molecular phylogeny of Pemphiginae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inferred from nuclear gene EF-1α sequences

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.C. Zhang ◽  
G.X. Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThree traditional tribes of Fordini, Pemphigini and Eriosomatini comprise Pemphiginae, and there are two subtribes in Fordini and Pemphigini, respectively. Most of the species in this subfamily live heteroecious holocyclic lives with distinct primary host specificity. The three tribes of Pemphigini (except Prociphilina), Eriosomatini and Fordini use three families of plants, Salicaceae (Populus), Ulmaceae (Ulums) and Anacardiaceae (Pistacia and Rhus), as primary hosts, respectively, and form galls on them. Therefore, the Pemphigids are well known as gall makers, and their galls can be divided into true galls and pseudo-galls in type. We performed the first molecular phylogenetic study of Pemphiginae based on molecular data (EF-1α sequences). Results show that Pemphiginae is probably not a monophylum, but the monophyly of Fordini is supported robustly. The monophyly of Pemphigini is not supported, and two subtribes in it, Pemphigina and Prociphilina, are suggested to be raised to tribal level, equal with Fordini and Eriosomatini. The molecular phylogenetic analysis does not show definite relationships among the four tribes of Pemphiginae, as in the previous phylogenetic study based on morphology. It seems that the four tribes radiated at nearly the same time and then evolved independently. Based on this, we can speculate that galls originated independently four times in the four tribes, and there is no evidence to support that true galls are preceded by pseudo-galls, as in the case of thrips and willow sawflies.

scholarly journals Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Elson Felipe Sandoli Rossetto ◽  
Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Reproductive Characters

Several genera of Nyctaginaceae, currently merged under Pisonia, have been described for the Indo-Pacific region. Results from a recent molecular phylogenetic study of tribe Pisonieae showed that Pisonia is non-monophyletic and comprises three well-supported lineages: one including typical Pisonia and allies (Pisonia s.str.), a clade of species which corresponds to the original description of Ceodes and a third lineage whose single representative was formerly treated under the monotypic genus Rockia. Thus, as part of an effort to achieve a natural classification for tribe Pisonieae, this work proposes to re-establish Ceodes and Rockia to accommodate taxa with inconspicuous glands on anthocarps, recognising 21 species (20 for the former and one for the latter), of which 16 are new combinations: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. and Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. A general distribution of each species recognised in this work is also included, along with line drawings and colour pictures of representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia and an updated dichotomous key based on reproductive characters for the nine genera (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella and Rockia) comprising the tribe Pisonieae. Résumé Plusieurs genres de Nyctaginaceae actuellement fusionnés sous Pisonia ont été décrits pour la région Indo-Pacifique. Les résultats d’une récente étude phylogénétique moléculaire de la tribu Pisonieae ont montré que Pisonia est non monophylétique et comprend trois lignées bien supportées: une comprenant Pisonia typique et ses alliés (Pisonia s.str.), un clade d’espèces qui correspond à la description originale de Ceodes et une troisième lignée dont l’unique représentant était auparavant traité sous le genre monotypique Rockia. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’un effort pour parvenir à une classification naturelle de la tribu Pisonieae, ce travail proposons de rétablir les Ceodes et Rockia pour accueillir des taxons avec des glandes discrètes sur les anthocarpes, reconnaissant 21 espèces (20 pour les premières et une pour les dernières), dont 16 sont de nouvelles combinaisons: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. et Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. Une distribution générale de chaque espèce reconnue dans ce travail est également incluse, ainsi que des dessins au trait et des images en couleur des espèces représentatives de Ceodes, Pisonia et Rockia, et préparé une clé dichotomique mise à jour basée sur les caractères reproductifs des neuf genres (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella et Rockia) comprenant la tribu Pisonieae.

scholarly journals Conservation Pattern, Homology Modeling and Molecular Phylogenetic Study of BMP Ligands

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Md. Shaifur Rahman ◽  
Sudarshan Chatterjee ◽  
Madhuri Haque ◽  
Hossen M. Jamil ◽  
Naznin Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Homology Modeling ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Conservation Pattern
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