scholarly journals Direct uptake of soil nitrogen by mosses

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Ayres ◽  
René van der Wal ◽  
Martin Sommerkorn ◽  
Richard D Bardgett
Keyword(s):  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
First Time

Mosses are one of the most diverse and widespread groups of plants and often form the dominant vegetation in montane, boreal and arctic ecosystems. However, unlike higher plants, mosses lack developed root and vascular systems, which is thought to limit their access to soil nutrients. Here, we test the ability of two physiologically and taxonomically distinct moss species to take up soil- and wet deposition-derived nitrogen (N) in natural intact turfs using stable isotopic techniques ( 15 N). Both species exhibited increased concentrations of shoot 15 N when exposed to either soil- or wet deposition-derived 15 N, demonstrating conclusively and for the first time, that mosses derive N from the soil. Given the broad physiological and taxonomic differences between these moss species, we suggest soil N uptake may be common among mosses, although further studies are required to test this prediction. Soil N uptake by moss species may allow them to compete for soil N in a wide range of ecosystems. Moreover, since many terrestrial ecosystems are N limited, soil N uptake by mosses may have implications for plant community structure and nutrient cycling. Finally, soil N uptake may place some moss species at greater risk from N pollution than previously appreciated.

scholarly journals Regulation of Nitrogen Uptake at the Whole-plant Level: A Study in Almond Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farbod Youssefi ◽  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Steve A. Weinbaum
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Plant Level

It has been proposed that a pool of amino N, whose size is determined by aboveground N demand, cycles in the plant and regulates soil N uptake by exerting an inhibitory effect at the root level. Several experiments were carried out to study this hypothesis in almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Based on the evidence found, there is an association, at the whole tree level, between sap N content and soil N uptake. The data are consistent with the possibility that increased phloem sap amino acids result in decreased uptake of soil N.

scholarly journals Evolutionary History of LTR Retrotransposon Chromodomains in Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Novikov ◽  
Georgiy Smyshlyaev ◽  
Olga Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposon ◽  
Ltr Retrotransposons ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Plant Genomes ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computer Based

Chromodomain-containing LTR retrotransposons are one of the most successful groups of mobile elements in plant genomes. Previously, we demonstrated that two types of chromodomains (CHDs) are carried by plant LTR retrotransposons. Chromodomains from group I (CHD_I) were detected only in Tcn1-like LTR retrotransposons from nonseed plants such as mosses (including the model moss species Physcomitrella) and lycophytes (the Selaginella species). LTR retrotransposon chromodomains from group II (CHD_II) have been described from a wide range of higher plants. In the present study, we performed computer-based mining of plant LTR retrotransposon CHDs from diverse plants with an emphasis on spike-moss Selaginella. Our extended comparative and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that two types of CHDs are present only in the Selaginella genome, which puts this species in a unique position among plants. It appears that a transition from CHD_I to CHD_II and further diversification occurred in the evolutionary history of plant LTR retrotransposons at approximately 400 MYA and most probably was associated with the evolution of chromatin organization.

scholarly journals Inhibition of N2 Fixation by N Fertilization of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants Grown on Fields of Farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, Measured Using 15N Natural Abundance and Tissue Ureide Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Habinshuti ◽  
Sipho T. Maseko ◽  
Felix D. Dakora
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Soil N Uptake

Inhibition of N2 fixation in N-fertilized common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants growing on the fields of farmers in the Eastern Cape of South Africa was measured using 15N natural abundance and tissue ureide analysis. The N-fertilized bean plants revealed greater soil N uptake, higher concentrations of nitrate in organs, low tissue ureide levels, and much lower percent relative ureide-N abundance when compared with unfertilized plants. In contrast, the unfertilized plants showed greater nodule fresh weight, higher N derived from fixation (e.g., 84.6, 90.4, and 97.1% at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), increased amount of N-fixed (e.g., 163.3, 161.3, and 140.3 kg ha−1 at Lujecweni fields 2, 3, and 4, respectively), greater ureide concentration in stems and petioles, higher % relative ureide-N abundance, and low soil N uptake. We also found that the percent N derived from fixation (%Ndfa) was very high for some bean plants receiving a double dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Lujecweni field 1 (51.8%) and Tikitiki field 1 (53.3%], and quite high for others receiving a single dose of N fertilizer [e.g., Tikitiki field 2 (50.1%), Mfabantu fields 1 and 2 (45.5 and 79.9%, respectively), and St. Luthberts field 1 (58.9%)]. Though not assessed in this study, it is likely that the rhizobia that effectively nodulated the N-fertilized bean plants and fixed considerable amounts of symbiotic N had constitutive and/or inducible nitrate reductase genes for reducing nitrate in nodules and bacteroids, hence their ability to form root nodules and derived high %Ndfa in bean with added N. While single- and double-dose N fertilizer applications increased plant growth and grain yield compared to unfertilized bean plants, the single-dose N fertilizer application produced much greater grain yield than the double dose. This indicates that farmers should stop using a double dose of N fertilizers on bean production, as it decreases yields and can potentially pollute the environment. This study has however shown that government supply of free N fertilizers to resource-poor farmers in South Africa increased bean yields for food/nutritional security.

scholarly journals Contribution of previous year’s leaf N and soil N uptake to current year’s leaf growth in sessile oak

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Bazot ◽  
Chantal Fresneau ◽  
Claire Damesin ◽  
Laure Barthes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
Previous Autumn ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
N Pool

Abstract. The origin of the N which contributes to the synthesis of N reserves of in situ forest trees in autumn, and to the growth of new organs the following spring, is currently poorly documented. To characterize the metabolism of various possible N sources (plant N and soil N), six distinct 20 year-old sessile oaks were 15N labelled by spraying 15NH415NO3: (i) on leaves in May, to label the N pool remobilized in the autumn for synthesis of reserves; (ii) on soil in the autumn, to label the N pool taken up from soil; (iii) on soil at the beginning of the following spring, to label the N pool taken up from soil in the spring. The partitioning of 15N in leaves, twigs, phloem, xylem, fine roots, rhizospheric soil and microbial biomass was followed during two growing seasons. Results showed a significant incorporation of 15N in the soil-tree system; more than 30 % of the administered 15N was recovered. Analysis of the partitioning clearly revealed that in autumn, roots’ N reserves were formed from foliage 15N (73 %) and to a lesser extent from soil 15N (27 %). The following spring, 15N used for the synthesis of new leaves came first from 15N stored during the previous autumn, mainly from 15N reserves formed from foliage (95 %). Thereafter, when leaves were fully expanded, 15N uptake from soil during the previous autumn and before budburst contributed to the formation of new leaves (60 %).

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Correlation Between Microbiome Structure and Leonardite Characteristics from Kazakhstan Coal Deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
A.A. Zhubanova ◽  
Q. Xiaohui ◽  
P.S. Ualieva ◽  
G.Zh. Abdieva ◽  
K.T. Tastambek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
First Time

Coal microbial communities have not been well examined, despite their importance in the formation and maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. Microorganisms are geographically versatile, exhibit wide morphological diversity and provide a rich platform for studying energy and carbon flows through different ecosystems. The coal characteristics, in turn, are important environmental factors that control the composition, structure and activity of terrestrial bio-communities through various endogenous physiological and biochemical processes. The total phylogenetic structure of prokaryotes is closely related to their functional diversity and, ultimately, to the variety of environmental conditions in oxidized coal (leonardite). Metagenomic studies in this area attempt to assess the relationship between the coal properties and its microbiome. The microbial community of the coal profiles, collected from various Kazakhstan coal deposits, have been studied in detail for the first time using high-throughput sequencing. As part of this study, a wide range of leonardites generated in various bioclimatic and geomorphological conditions are considered. A comprehensive characterization of the phylogenetic structure and diversity of coal was given on the basis of the 16S rDNA gene analysis. The revealed features of the prokaryotic composition can be used as bioindicators of the leonardite condition. In addition, metagenomic characteristics of coals of different origin can serve as valuable platform to assess the terrestrial ecosystem health.

scholarly journals 614 Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency of Apple Rootstocks and Scions

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 553C-553
Author(s):  
Paula B. Aguirre ◽  
Teryl R. Roper ◽  
Armand R. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Total N ◽  
Wood Tissue ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Soil N Uptake

The uptake efficiency of apple scions and rootstocks has not been studied in the field. Using 15N (ammonium nitrate, 1 atom % 15N) we compared nitrogen uptake efficiency of 12 rootstocks grafted to one scion (Gala) and of 20 scions on the same clonal rootstock (M.9 EMLA) in orchards located in northeastern Wisconsin. Trees were treated in either Fall or Spring 1998 with 40 g actual N per tree applied as a liquid to the soil. N uptake was assessed by measuring 15N in leaf and wood tissue taken monthly from June to Oct. 1998. Tissues were oven-dried and analized using a ratio mass spectrometer. Treatment differences were greater among scions with the same rootstocks than among rootstocks with the same scion. Total N and 15N content differences were found between roostocks and these values were inversely related to tree size.

scholarly journals Contribution of previous year's leaf N and soil N uptake to current year's leaf growth in sessile oak

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3475-3484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Bazot ◽  
Chantal Fresneau ◽  
Claire Damesin ◽  
Laure Barthes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soil N Uptake ◽  
Previous Autumn ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
N Pool

Abstract. The origin of N which contributes to the synthesis of N reserves of in situ forest trees in autumn and to the growth of new organs the following spring is currently poorly documented. To characterize the metabolism of various possible N sources (plant N and soil N), six distinct 20-year-old sessile oaks were 15N labelled by spraying 15NH415NO3: (i) on leaves in May, to label the N pool remobilized in the autumn for synthesis of reserves, (ii) on soil in the autumn, to label the N pool taken up from soil and (iii) on soil at the beginning of the following spring, to label the N pool taken up from soil in the spring. The partitioning of 15N in leaves, twigs, phloem, xylem, fine roots, rhizospheric soil and microbial biomass was followed during two growing seasons. Results showed a significant incorporation of 15N into the soil–tree system; more than 30 % of the administered 15N was recovered. Analysis of the partitioning clearly revealed that in autumn, roots' N reserves were formed from foliage 15N (73 %) and to a lesser extent from soil 15N (27 %). The following spring, 15N used for the synthesis of new leaves came first from 15N stored during the previous autumn, mainly from 15N reserves formed from foliage (95 %). Thereafter, when leaves were fully expanded, 15N uptake from the soil during the previous autumn and before budburst contributed to the formation of new leaves (60 %).

scholarly journals Calculation of Sulphur and Nitrogen Deposition with the Frame Model and Assessment of the Exceedance of Critical Loads in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Kryza ◽  
Wojciech Mill ◽  
Anthony J. Dore ◽  
Małgorzata Werner ◽  
Marek Błaś
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Frame Model ◽  
First Time

Abstract Sulphur and nitrogen deposition were calculated with the FRAME model and used to assess the exceedances of the critical loads for acidification and eutrophication of natural ecosystems in Poland. For the first time two tools: the FRAME and SONOX models were used jointly to provide information on ecosystems at risk. The FRAME model obtained close agreement with available sulphur and nitrogen wet deposition measurements. The total mass of sulphur deposited in Poland in year 2008 was estimated as 292 Gg S. Total deposition of nitrogen (oxidized + reduced) is 389 Gg N. 11% of the ecosystems in Poland were calculated to be at risk of acidification due to deposition of sulphur and nitrogen. In the case of eutrophication, over 95% of terrestrial ecosystems are at risk due to the large deposition of nitrogen compounds.

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