scholarly journals Bottlenecked but long-lived: high genetic diversity retained in white-tailed eagles upon recovery from population decline

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Hailer ◽  
Björn Helander ◽  
Alv O Folkestad ◽  
Sergei A Ganusevich ◽  
Steinar Garstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Effective Time ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Persistent Pollutants ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Ringing Data ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity

Most of the white-tailed eagle ( Haliaeetus albicilla ) populations in Europe experienced dramatic declines during the twentieth century. However, owing to intense conservation actions and the ban of DDT and other persistent pollutants, populations are currently recovering. We show that despite passing through demographic bottlenecks, white-tailed eagle populations have retained significant levels of genetic diversity. Both genetic and ringing data indicate that migration between populations has not been a major factor for the maintenance of genetic variability. We argue that the long generation time of eagles has acted as an intrinsic buffer against loss of genetic diversity, leading to a shorter effective time of the experienced bottleneck. Notably, conservation actions taken in several small sub-populations have ensured the preservation of a larger proportion of the total genetic diversity than if conservation had focused on the population stronghold in Norway. For conservation programmes targeting other endangered, long-lived species, our results highlight the possibility for local retention of high genetic diversity in isolated remnant populations.

Population decline is accompanied by loss of genetic diversity in the Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor

Ibis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA KVIST ◽  
DAVID GIRALT ◽  
FRANCISCO VALERA ◽  
HERBERT HOI ◽  
ANTON KRISTIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Lesser Grey Shrike ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grey Shrike

Genetic diversity among geographically separated populations of Nepenthes mirabilis

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunrat Chaveerach ◽  
Alongkod Tanomtong ◽  
Runglawan Sudmoon ◽  
Tawatchai Tanee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Diversity Profile ◽  
Great Genetic Diversity

AbstractThe distribution of Nepenthes mirabilis ranges from Northeast (NE) to South (S) Thailand. Eleven individuals from NE, S and Suen Jatujak market in Bangkok, Central (C) Thailand, were collected and divided into four populations according to their geographical areas. These four populations were analyzed to determine a genetic diversity profile using thirteen inter-simple sequence repeat markers. The individuals produced 75.18% polymorphic banding profiles. The Shannon’s index was used to estimate genetic diversity. Total genetic diversity (H T) and inter-population genetic diversity (H S) were 0.854 and 0.678, respectively. The degree of genetic differentiation (G ST) of the species populations is 0.206, whereas the gene flow (Nm) among all the various geographical area populations is 1.016. Both the dendrogram and the results of the Shannon’s diversity index suggest great genetic diversity. These results support the broad range of distribution sites of Nepenthes mirabilis, which would require high genetic diversity to adapt to the environmental variations that can be found between NE, C, and S Thailand. ANOVA shows that the genetic diversity in each population is not significantly different (P > 0.05). Mantel tests reveal that geographical distance is an important factor for affecting the genetic distances among populations.

scholarly journals Microsatellite variability reveals high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in a critical giant panda population

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiandong Yang ◽  
Zhihe Zhang ◽  
Fujun Shen ◽  
Xuyu Yang ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ailuropoda Melanoleuca ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
High Level

Abstract Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and management strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve (NR) is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca in China. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tangjiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 individuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations. F statistic analyses revealed a low FIS-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number (A), Allelic richness (AR) and mean expected heterozygosity (HE) for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort.

Genetic diversity of mocó cotton (Gossypium hirsutum race marie-galante) from the northeast of Brazil: implications for conservation

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivandilson Pessoa Pinto de Menezes ◽  
Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso ◽  
Lúcia Vieira Hoffmann ◽  
Valeska Silva Lucena ◽  
Marc Giband
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Extinction Process ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Level

Mocó cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum  L. race marie-galante (Watt) Hutch.) is a potential source of valuable alleles for breeding programs, mainly because of its great adaptability to semi-arid conditions. With the aim of quantifying mocó cotton genetic variability, 187 plants collected in the northeast of Brazil were evaluated using 12 microsatellite markers. A total of 62 alleles were amplified, ranging from three to eight polymorphic alleles per locus. Total genetic diversity was high (0.52), and when measured on a per state basis, was of 0.37 on average. The population showed a low level of heterozygozity (HO = 0.16), reflecting a high level of endogamy (FIS = 0.67). Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method revealed that plants sampled in different states tended to cluster according to their geographic origin, except for those collected in the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, which grouped together. Plants from the state of Piauí formed two groups, one with an apparent allelic contribution from G. barbadense, while the second group of plants was closer to those from the states of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. Despite the high genetic diversity that was observed in the remaining populations, urgent conservation efforts should be undertaken, owing to the high level of endogamy and accelerated extinction process that characterizes these populations. Such efforts should focus on the collection and ex situ maintenance of representative genetic diversity.

scholarly journals How much genetic variation is stored in the endangered and fragmented shrub Tetraena mongolica Maxim?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbiao Zhi ◽  
Zhonglou Sun ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Kai Zhao ◽  
Yangnan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Population Demography ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Over Exploitation

Tetraena mongolica Maxim (Zygophyllaceae) is an endangered species endemic to western Inner Mongolia and China, and is currently threatened by habitat loss and human over-exploitation. We explored the genetic background, its genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history, based on 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Our results indicated high genetic diversity in extant populations, but no distinguishable gene cluster corresponding with a specific biogeography. Population demography analysis using a MSVAR indicated a strong, recent population decline approximately 5,455 years ago. These results suggest that the Yellow River and Zhuozi Mountain range may not prevent pollination between populations. Finally, we surmised that the population demography of T. mongolica was likely to have been affected by early mankind activities.

scholarly journals Multilocus approach reveals a complex evolutionary history of the invasive mile-a-minute plant, Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae), in its natural habitat

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-215
Author(s):  
Sara Mataroli De Godoy ◽  
João Fernando Marques Da Silva ◽  
Paulo Maurício Ruas ◽  
Mara Rejane Ritter ◽  
Gabriela Barbosa Navarro De Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mikania Micrantha ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Multilocus Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Abstract Mikania micrantha is native to Central and South America and exhibits morphological and cytological polymorphism, and evidence of a non-monophyletic origin. In Brazil, the species is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest, one of the most threatened biomes in the world. AFLP, ITS, ETS and rps16 markers were employed to estimate the genetic diversity and the existence of independent evolutionary lineages in the species, and chromosomes were counted to determine ploidy of 11 populations of M. micrantha. Molecular markers showed relatively high genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure, and chromosome counts revealed pure diploid and tetraploid populations and mixed-cytotype populations in M. micrantha. There was no significant genetic difference between cytotypes, suggesting an autopolyploid origin for tetraploids. However, analyses of species delimitation showed that two highly divergent genetic clusters, constituted of samples from different populations, consisted of two independent evolutionary lineages, demonstrating putative cryptic species in M. micrantha. Our data highlight the need for more genetic studies in M. micrantha to ensure effective conservation actions in its natural area of occurrence and the correct management of the species in introduced areas, where it causes severe damage to forests and plantations.

scholarly journals Genetic assessment reveals no population substructure and divergent regional and sex-specific histories in the Chachapoyas from northeast Peru

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244497
Author(s):  
Evelyn K. Guevara ◽  
Jukka U. Palo ◽  
Sanni Översti ◽  
Jonathan L. King ◽  
Maria Seidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Population Substructure ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Montane Forests ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spanish Conquest

Many native populations in South America have been severely impacted by two relatively recent historical events, the Inca and the Spanish conquest. However decisive these disruptive events may have been, the populations and their gene pools have been shaped markedly also by the history prior to the conquests. This study focuses mainly on the Chachapoya peoples that inhabit the montane forests on the eastern slopes of the northern Peruvian Andes, but also includes three distinct neighboring populations (the Jívaro, the Huancas and the Cajamarca). By assessing mitochondrial, Y-chromosomal and autosomal diversity in the region, we explore questions that have emerged from archaeological and historical studies of the regional culture (s). These studies have shown, among others, that Chachapoyas was a crossroads for Coast-Andes-Amazon interactions since very early times. In this study, we examine the following questions: 1) was there pre-Hispanic genetic population substructure in the Chachapoyas sample? 2) did the Spanish conquest cause a more severe population decline on Chachapoyan males than on females? 3) can we detect different patterns of European gene flow in the Chachapoyas region? and, 4) did the demographic history in the Chachapoyas resemble the one from the Andean area? Despite cultural differences within the Chachapoyas region as shown by archaeological and ethnohistorical research, genetic markers show no significant evidence for past or current population substructure, although an Amazonian gene flow dynamic in the northern part of this territory is suggested. The data also indicates a bottleneck c. 25 generations ago that was more severe among males than females, as well as divergent population histories for populations in the Andean and Amazonian regions. In line with previous studies, we observe high genetic diversity in the Chachapoyas, despite the documented dramatic population declines. The diverse topography and great biodiversity of the northeastern Peruvian montane forests are potential contributing agents in shaping and maintaining the high genetic diversity in the Chachapoyas region.

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