scholarly journals Novel chemistry of invasive exotic plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Cappuccino ◽  
J.Thor Arnason
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Many ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
New Habitats

Of the many exotic plants that have become naturalized in North America, only a small proportion are pests capable of invading and dominating intact natural communities. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the most invasive plants are phytochemically unique in their new habitats. A comparison of exotic plant species that are highly invasive in North America with exotics that are widespread, but non-invasive revealed that the invasive plants were more likely to have potent secondary compounds that have not been reported from North American native plants. On average, the compounds found in the invasive plants were reported from fewer species, fewer genera and fewer families than those from non-invasive plants. Many of the unique phytochemicals from invasive plants have been reported to have multiple activities, including antiherbivore, antifungal, antimicrobial and allelopathic (phytotoxic) effects, which may provide the plants with several advantages in their new environments.

scholarly journals Invasive exotic plants suffer less herbivory than non-invasive exotic plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Cappuccino ◽  
David Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
The Relationship

We surveyed naturally occurring leaf herbivory in nine invasive and nine non-invasive exotic plant species sampled in natural areas in Ontario, New York and Massachusetts, and found that invasive plants experienced, on average, 96% less leaf damage than non-invasive species. Invasive plants were also more taxonomically isolated than non-invasive plants, belonging to families with 75% fewer native North American genera. However, the relationship between taxonomic isolation at the family level and herbivory was weak. We suggest that invasive plants may possess novel phytochemicals with anti-herbivore properties in addition to allelopathic and anti-microbial characteristics. Herbivory could be employed as an easily measured predictor of the likelihood that recently introduced exotic plants may become invasive.

Do vegetal communities dominated by invasive exotic plant species affect the structure of bird communities in an Atlantic Forest area?

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-249
Author(s):  
Cleverton da Silva ◽  
Arleu Barbosa Viana-Junior ◽  
Cristiano Schetini de Azevedo ◽  
Juliano Ricardo Fabricante
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Exotic

scholarly journals Review of Existing Knowledge and Practices of Tarping for the Control of Invasive Knotweeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Marie-Anne Dusz ◽  
François-Marie Martin ◽  
Fanny Dommanget ◽  
Anne Petit ◽  
Caroline Dechaume-Moncharmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
International Survey ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Exotic ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Managing invasive exotic plant species is a complex challenge, especially for Asian knotweeds (Reynoutria spp.). Tarping is a regularly cited but poorly documented control method, which consists of covering the ground with a tarp (agricultural tarp, geotextile, geomembrane, etc.) to create a physical barrier to hinder plant growth and deprive the plants of light in order to deplete their rhizomatous reserves. To improve our knowledge of tarping in order to identify the key factors of its success or failure, we reviewed the relevant grey and scientific literature and conducted an international survey among managers to collect feedback on tarping experiments. In the literature, as well as in the field, practices are quite heterogeneous, and the method’s effectiveness is highly contrasted. A better consideration of knotweed biology may improve the efficacy of the method. Based on the bibliography and survey work, we propose practical recommendations including covering the entire stand, extending the tarping up to 2.5 m beyond its edges for a period of at least six years, and ensuring regular monitoring. Even though tarping does not seem to be a one-size-fits-all solution to eradicate knotweed, it could still be a useful control method once knotweed has become a critical management issue.

scholarly journals Along urbanization sprawl, exotic plants distort native bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) assemblages in high elevation Andes ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Henríquez-Piskulich ◽  
Alejandro Vera ◽  
Gino Sandoval ◽  
Cristian Villagra
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Native Bee

Native bees contribute with a considerable portion of pollination services for endemic as well as economically important plant species. Their decline has been attributed to several human-derived influences including global warming as well as the reduction, alteration and loss of bees’ habitat. Moreover, together with human expansion comes along the introduction of exotic plant species with negative impacts over native ecosystems. Anthropic effects may have even a deeper impact on communities adapted to extreme environments, such as high elevation habitats, where abiotic stressors alone are a natural limitation to biodiversity. In these, human-borne alterations, such as the introduction of exotic plants and urbanization, may have a greater influence on native communities. In this work we explored such problem, studying the relationship between landscape and its effect over richness and abundance of native bees from the subandean belt in the Andes mountain chain. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of exotic plant abundance on this high-altitude bee assemblage. Despite landscape did not show an effect over bee richness and abundance, exotic plants did have a significant influence over native bee assemblage. The abundance of exotic plants was associated with a relative increase in the proportion of small and medium bee species. Moreover, Halictidae was the only family that appeared to be favored by an increase in the abundance of exotic plant species. We discuss these results and the urgent need for further research of high-altitude environments due to their vulnerability and high endemicity.

COMPARATIVE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF AN INVASIVE EXOTIC PLANT SPECIES, Prosopis glandulosa TORR. var. glandulosa, AND FIVE INDIGENOUS PLANT SPECIES COMMONLY BROWSED BY SMALL STOCK IN THE BORAVAST AREA, SOUTH-WESTERN BOTSWANA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Moffat Pinkie Setshogo ◽  
Marks Kgosimotse Matlotlo Ditlhogo ◽  
Gaone Mosweunyane
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Prosopis Glandulosa ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Exotic Plant Species ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Multiple Mineral ◽  
Invasive Exotic

Nutritive value of an invasive exotic plant species, Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa, and five indigenous plant species commonly browsed by livestock in Bokspits, Rapplespan, Vaalhoek and Struizendam (BORAVAST), southwest Botswana, was determined and compared. These five indigenous plant species were Vachellia hebeclada (DC.) Kyal. & Boatwr. subsp. hebeclada, Vachellia erioloba (E. Mey.) P.J.H. Hurter, Senegalia mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger subsp. detinens (Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. var. albitrunca and Rhigozum trichotomum Burch. The levels of Crude Protein (CP), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (C), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) were determined for the plants foliage and pods (where available). All plant species had a CP value higher than the recommended daily intake. There are however multiple mineral deficiencies in the plant species analysed. Nutritive value of Prosopis glandulosa is comparable to those other species despite the perception that livestock that browse on it are more productive than those that browse on the other plant species.

Herbivory on invasive exotic plants and their non-invasive relatives

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Jogesh ◽  
David Carpenter ◽  
Naomi Cappuccino
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Exotic
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