scholarly journals Growth hormone transgenic salmon pay for growth potential with increased predation mortality

2004 ◽  
Vol 271 (suppl_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Sundström ◽  
M. Lôhmus ◽  
J. I. Johnsson ◽  
R. H. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Predation Mortality ◽  
Transgenic Salmon

scholarly journals The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases epiphyseal growth plate height and tibial length in peripubertal male mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Eshet ◽  
G Maor ◽  
T Ben Ari ◽  
M Ben Eliezer ◽  
G Gat-Yablonski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Longitudinal Growth ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Plate Height ◽  
Igf I

Sex hormones may influence longitudinal growth, either indirectly, by affecting the growth-hormone-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis, or directly, by affecting changes within the epiphyseal growth plate (EGP). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, on longitudinal growth and changes in the EGP in vivo. Eighteen peripubertal male mice were divided into three groups. The first group was killed at baseline, the second was injected with letrozole (Femara) s.c., 2 mg/kg body weight/day, for 10 days, and the third was injected with the vehicle alone. Serum testosterone levels were found to be significantly higher in the treated group than in the controls. Letrozole induced a significant increase in body weight, tail length and serum growth hormone level, but had no significant effect on the level of serum IGF-I. On histomorphometric study, there was a significant increase (12%) in EGP height in the treated animals compared with controls. Immunohistochemistry showed a 3.4-fold letrozole-induced increase in the proliferation of the EGP chondrocytes, as estimated by the number of proliferation cell nuclear antigen-stained cells, and a decrease in the differentiation of the EGP chondrocytes, as estimated by type X collagen staining. Letrozole did not interfere with type II collagen levels. The study group also showed a twofold increase in the number of IGF-I receptor-positive cells compared with controls. In conclusion, the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, appears to increase the linear growth potential of the EGP in mice.

Differences in the somatotropic axis, in blood cortisol, insulin and thyroid hormone concentrations between two pig genotypes with markedly divergent growth rates and the effects of growth hormone treatment

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Elsaesser ◽  
M. W. Pfaffl ◽  
H. H. D. Meyer ◽  
B. Serpek ◽  
H. Sauerwein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Molecular Control

AbstractThe intention of the current study was to gain more insight into the endocrine and molecular control mechanisms of growth in the pig. For this purpose various growth related parameters were determined in 4-month-old barrows of two extreme pig genotyes, the small, obese Göttingen Miniature (GM) and the large and lean German Landrace (DL). Mean growth hormone (GH) concentration, GH pulse frequency and GH pulse amplitude did not differ between breeds. Likewise, plasma IGF-1, thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentrations were similar in both breeds. However the plasma GH response (maximum level and area under curve) to a single i.v. injection of GHRH in DL was higher than in GM (P < 0·05). Furthermore, basal plasma insulin and in particular plasma cortisol concentrations were higher in GM compared with DL pigs (P 0·05 and 0·01 respectively). Analysis of cortisol during 4-h frequent blood sampling indicated higher cortisol amplitudes in GM compared with DL (P ≤ 0·01). Specific bGH-binding to hepatic membrane preparations was not different between breeds and IGF-1 m RNA concentrations determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in liver, m. semimenbranosus and m. longissimus dorsi were similar in both breeds. I.m. treatment with recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST; 70 µg/kg live weight) over an 8-day period in contemporary barrows increased without any breed difference, plasma IGF-1, T3 and insulin concentrations and hepatic specific bGH-binding, but did not affect thyroxine or cortisol concentrations in plasma. IGF-1 gene expression was also elevated in liver and muscle tissues in rpST-treated animals without obvious breed effects. The observations underline the complexity of the hormonal and molecular control of growth and support the notion that differences in growth potential are the consequence of differences at various levels of the somatotropic axis and apparently relate to differences in other control systems of energy metabolism such as the pituitary adrenal axis or the endocrine pancreas as well.

scholarly journals Growth hormone retesting during puberty: a cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (6) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cavarzere ◽  
Rossella Gaudino ◽  
Marco Sandri ◽  
Diego Alberto Ramaroli ◽  
Angelo Pietrobelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Study Population

Objectives To report the frequency and characteristics of growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in adolescents who had normalized GH secretion at mid-puberty and to identify possible factors predictive for GH sufficiency at puberty. Design Clinical analysis of children affected by GHD at five time points: diagnosis; first year of therapy; intermediate stage of puberty; retesting and end of growth phase. Methods The study population was 80 children with idiopathic GHD and treated with GH for at least 2 years. Treatment was discontinued at the intermediate stage of puberty. Retesting with an arginine test was performed 12 weeks later. If GH peak at retesting was ≥8 μg/L, the therapy was definitively discontinued, otherwise it was restarted and continued until achievement of near-final height. Results GH therapy was discontinued in 44 children (55%), and restarted in 36 (45%). No evidence of differences in definitive height and in the delta height between the genetic target and the definitive height was found between the two groups. The only predictive factor for GHD at mid-puberty was the insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level at 1 year of GH treatment. Conclusions GH secretion should be retested at mid-puberty. Retesting at puberty may reduce potential side effects and minimize costs, without impairing growth potential and final height.

scholarly journals Cultured growth hormone transgenic salmon are reproductively out-competed by wild-reared salmon in semi-natural mating arenas

Aquaculture ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 312 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Hamid Akbarashandiz ◽  
Dionne Sakhrani ◽  
Carlo A. Biagi ◽  
Trevor E. Pitcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Transgenic Salmon

scholarly journals LINC-07. PREVALENCE AND SPECTRUM OF EARLY ENDOCRINE DISORDERS IN SURVIVORS OF PEDIATRIC EMBRYONAL BRAIN TUMORS (PEBT): EXPERIENCE FROM INDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii379-iii379
Author(s):  
Maya Prasad ◽  
Kalasekhar Vijayasekharan Nair ◽  
Rahul Krishnatry ◽  
Girish Chinnaswamy ◽  
Tejpal Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Endocrine Disorder

Abstract BACKGROUND Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at high risk of developing endocrine disorders, potentially impacting growth,development and quality of life. METHODS etrospective audit of 2-year survivors of PEBT(3-18years at diagnosis)viz. medulloblastoma(MB),Central nervous system Primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors(CNS-PNET) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor(ATRT) treated January 2006-December 2017 at Tata Memorial Centre,Mumbai, with surgery, cranio-spinal irradiation(CSI; 35Gy in high-risk MB,CNS-PNET,ATRT and 23.4Gy in average-risk MB with tumor boost 19.8Gy)and six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy(cyclophosphamide,cisplatin and vincristine).Patients were followed up by a paediatric endocrinology team specialized in management of PEBT. RESULTS Of 249 PEBT treated during this period,88 are alive in remission &gt;2 years (69-MB, 15-CNS PNET,4-ATRT),median age at diagnosis 6 years. At a median follow-up of 5.6 years (range 3- 12.5years),63 patients(72%) had at least one endocrine disorder,26(29.%)≥2 hormonal deficiencies. The most common endocrine disorders were central hypothyroidism(57%),growth hormone deficiency(40%), central hypogonadism(5%)and central hypoadrenalism (3.5%).The median time to develop hypothyroidism was 2.8 years(range 5months to 8.5 years) from CSI. Growth hormone replacement therapy began after a median period of 4.2 years(range-1.5 to 11.5years) from CSI. Higher dose of CSI was associated with development of endocrine disorder (odds ratio [OR] 2.71; 95% CI, 1.03 to 7.04,p-0.04). CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of endocrine deficits in survivors of PEBT necessitates early and lifelong monitoring. Early and appropriate management is crucial to achieve full growth potential.

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