Concurrent Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia and Cryptococcosis in a Man With False-Negative Oral Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Results

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Oni Blackstock ◽  
Rajat Nog ◽  
Vel Sivapalan
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oral Fluid Enzyme Immunoassay for Confirmation of a Positive Rapid Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test Result

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Wesolowski ◽  
T. Sanchez ◽  
D. A. MacKellar ◽  
B. M. Branson ◽  
S. F. Ethridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Test ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Rapid Hiv Test ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Test Result

ABSTRACT The CDC recommends that a reactive rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test be confirmed with an approved supplemental test; the performance of an intermediate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is optional. In support of this recommendation, it was found that of 1,431 reactive rapid HIV test results, 2 (0.1%) had false-negative oral fluid Western blot results and both had false-negative EIA results.

scholarly journals Co-infection by Cryptococcus neoformans fungaemia and Non tuberculous Mycobacterium together with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with newly diagnosed HIV infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eihab Subahi ◽  
safwan aljafar ◽  
haidar barjas ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrazek ◽  
Fatima Rasoul
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Opportunistic infections are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Co-infections with Cryptococcus neoformans together with Mycobacterium and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) are rare, and typically occur in immunocompromised individuals, particularly AIDS patients.

scholarly journals 336. COVID-19 and Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S272-S273
Author(s):  
Christopher Saling ◽  
Sabirah N Kasule ◽  
Holenarasipur R Vikram
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Infection Age ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background More accounts of opportunistic infection in COVID-19 patients are emerging. At our institution, we identified 2 COVID-19 patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) opportunistic infection. This prompted a review of the literature to identify trends in patient characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes in this population. Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed that identified 13 other patients with both COVID-19 and PJP infection. Age, gender, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, other immunocompromised states, time between COVID-19 and PJP diagnosis, and clinical outcomes were captured for analysis. Results Eleven patients were male. The average age was 56 years. All but 2 patients were immunocompromised. At time of PJP diagnosis, seven patients had newly diagnosed HIV and one had known, well-controlled HIV. One patient had rheumatoid arthritis receiving leflunomide, 1 had ulcerative colitis receiving budesonide and sulfasalazine, 2 patients had multiple myeloma whereby both were on lenalidomide, 1 patient was a renal transplant recipient immunosuppressed on tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and methylprednisolone, and 1 patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia getting fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab. Nine patients had positive COVID-19 and PJP tests performed within 7 days of one another. One patient tested positive for PJP 54 days into admission for COVID-19. This patient received high dose steroids and tocilizumab for initial COVID-19 infection. Three patients were re-hospitalized with PJP after a recent admission for COVID-19 pneumonia, with a mean time to readmission of 25 days. One of these 3 patients had no treatment for COVID-19, while 2 received steroids. Five of the total 15 patients (33%) died. Conclusion COVID-19 treatments with high dose steroids and tocilizumab can make patients vulnerable for opportunistic infection with PJP. Furthermore, COVID-19 is known to cause lymphopenia which may further increase this risk. A diagnosis of concomitant PJP can be especially challenging due to nearly identical radiographical findings. Serum beta-D glucan and HIV testing can be especially helpful in this situation, and there should be a low threshold for performing bronchoalveolar lavage. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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