scholarly journals Down‐regulation of ATF1 leads to early neuroectoderm differentiation of human embryonic stem cells by increasing the expression level of SOX2

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 10577-10592
Author(s):  
Shang‐Chih Yang ◽  
Jan‐Jan Liu ◽  
Cheng‐Kai Wang ◽  
Yu‐Tsen Lin ◽  
Su‐Yi Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Down Regulation

scholarly journals A role for NANOG in G1 to S transition in human embryonic stem cells through direct binding of CDK6 and CDC25A

2009 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Irina Neganova ◽  
Stefan Przyborski ◽  
Chunbo Yang ◽  
Michael Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Phase Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phase Entry

In this study, we show that NANOG, a master transcription factor, regulates S-phase entry in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) via transcriptional regulation of cell cycle regulatory components. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with reporter-based transfection assays show that the C-terminal region of NANOG binds to the regulatory regions of CDK6 and CDC25A genes under normal physiological conditions. Decreased CDK6 and CDC25A expression in hESCs suggest that both CDK6 and CDC25A are involved in S-phase regulation. The effects of NANOG overexpression on S-phase regulation are mitigated by the down-regulation of CDK6 or CDC25A alone. Overexpression of CDK6 or CDC25A alone can rescue the impact of NANOG down-regulation on S-phase entry, suggesting that CDK6 and CDC25A are downstream cell cycle effectors of NANOG during the G1 to S transition.

scholarly journals A novel RNA-mediated mechanism causing down-regulation of insulating promoter interactions in human embryonic stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjuan Liu ◽  
Simon G. Williams ◽  
Hayden R. Jones ◽  
Bernard D. Keavney ◽  
Mun-Kit Choy
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Interaction Sites ◽  
Genome Wide

AbstractThe genome-wide promoter interactome is primarily maintained and regulated by architectural proteins such as CTCF and cohesin. However, some studies suggest a role for non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in this process. We aimed to characterise the regulatory role of RNA-mediated promoter interactions in the control of gene expression. We integrated genome-wide datasets of RNA-chromatin and promoter-genome interactions in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to identify putative RNA-mediated promoter interactions. We discovered that CTCF sites were enriched in RNA-PIRs (promoter interacting regions co-localising with RNA-chromatin interaction sites) and genes interacting with RNA-PIRs containing CTCF sites showed higher expression levels. One of the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed in hESCs, Syntaxin 18-Antisense 1 (STX18-AS1), appeared to be involved in an insulating promoter interaction with the neighbouring gene, MSX1. By knocking down STX18-AS1, the MSX1 promoter-PIR interaction was intensified and the target gene (MSX1) expression was down-regulated. Conversely, reduced MSX1 promoter-PIR interactions, resulting from CRISPR-Cas9 deletion of the PIR, increased the expression of MSX1. We conclude that STX18-AS1 RNA antagonised local CTCF-mediated insulating promoter interactions to augment gene expression. Such down-regulation of the insulating promoter interactions by this novel mechanism may explain the higher expression of genes interacting with RNA-PIRs linked to CTCF sites.

Ethanol alters cell cycle gene expression in human embryonic stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Brian Gerwe ◽  
Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro ◽  
Rachel Nash ◽  
Jagan Arumugham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene Expression
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