Aphid-Transmissibility Variants of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Infected Citrus Trees

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Raccah
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

scholarly journals Three genes of Citrus tristeza virus are dispensable for infection and movement throughout some varieties of citrus trees

Virology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 376 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanarayana Tatineni ◽  
Cecile J. Robertson ◽  
Stephen M. Garnsey ◽  
Moshe Bar-Joseph ◽  
Siddarame Gowda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

scholarly journals First Report of Citrus tristeza virus Infecting Citrus Trees in Georgia, USA

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emran Ali ◽  
Allina Bennett ◽  
Tammy Stackhouse ◽  
Sumyya Waliullah ◽  
Jonathan E Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Infected Plant Material ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) [genus Closterovirus; family Closteroviridae] is one of the most important, economically devastating viruses of citrus worldwide. On citrus trees grafted onto sour orange rootstock, typical CTV symptoms include dieback and defoliation, stunting, curling and chlorotic leaves, stem-pitting, and pinholes below the bud union on the inner face of the bark (Moreno et al. 2008). This single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus is most efficiently transmitted by the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida), but it can also be transmitted by other aphid species and through grafting of infected plant material onto healthy plants (Moreno et al 2008; Herron et al. 2006). In Fall 2020, leaf material for virus testing was collected from 13 navel orange trees (Citrus × sinensis) grafted onto Poncirus trifoliata rootstocks (including ‘Flying Dragon’) located in a citrus research orchard in Tifton, GA. Trees ranged in age from 2 to 10 years, with the younger trees having been grafted from cuttings taken from the older trees. The oldest of these trees was derived from cuttings taken in 2009 from an orange tree growing locally in a residential yard in Tifton; this parent tree was more than 15 years old when these cuttings were obtained and was no longer available for sampling as of 2020. Symptoms or other visible signs of disease had not been noted on any of the tested trees, and trees were chosen for testing prior to the further dissemination of this plant material. The presence of CTV was verified via molecular and serological testing. CTV infection was initially confirmed in 8 of 13 tested samples using the ImmunoStrip® for CTV assay (Agdia® Inc., Elkhart, IN, cat no: ISK 78900/0025) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA was extracted from leaf material collected from the 13 sampled trees using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). Following cDNA synthesis, samples were tested for the presence of CTV by reverse-transcription PCR using primer pair AR18F (5’-ATGTCAGGCAGCTTGGGAAATT-3’) and AR18R (5’-TTCGTGTCTAAGTCRCGCTAAACA-3’) which produces a 511 bp amplicon (Roy et al., 2005). PCR reactions confirmed the presence of CTV, with the same eight samples that had previously tested positive via Immunostrip® producing PCR fragments of the expected size. Amplified products from two of these samples were then sequenced using Sanger sequencing (Retrogen Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) and subjected to BLAST analysis (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) for further identification. Sequence analysis revealed that the obtained partial sequences (MW540805) from the p18 gene of both isolates were 100% identical to one another and shared 100% identity to corresponding sequences from CTV strain N4 (MK779711.1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CTV infecting citrus plants in Georgia. CTV could pose an imminent threat to the emerging citrus industry in Georgia if it were to become established in commercial citrus plantings either via the dissemination of infected plant material or via vector transfer of the virus under field conditions. While the brown citrus aphid is not known to be widespread in Georgia at this time, other CTV vectors are prevalent including the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) and the black citrus aphid (T. aurantia). Georgia citrus growers and plant propagators should be aware of this virus and take appropriate control measures to prevent the spread of this viral diseas.

scholarly journals Identification of Key Residues Required for RNA Silencing Suppressor Activity of p23 Protein from a Mild Strain of Citrus Tristeza Virus

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoran Li ◽  
Yizhong He ◽  
Tao Luo ◽  
Xi Zhang ◽  
Haoliang Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Silencing Suppressor ◽  
Mild Strain ◽  
High Sequence Identity ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

The severe strain of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) causes quick decline of citrus trees. However, the CTV mild strain causes no symptoms and commonly presents in citrus trees. Viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) plays an important role in the successful invasion of viruses into plants. For CTV, VSR has mostly been studied in severe strains. In this study, the N4 mild strain in China was sequenced and found to have high sequence identity with the T30 strain. Furthermore, we verified the functions of three VSRs in the N4 strain, and p23 was found to be the most effective in terms of local silencing suppressor activity among the three CTV VSRs and localized to both nucleus and plasmodesmata, which is similar to CTV T36 strain. Several conserved amino acids were identified in p23. Mutation of E95A/V96A and M99A/L100AA impaired p23 protein stability. Consequently, these two mutants lost most of its suppressor activity and their protein levels could not be rescued by co-expressing p19. Q93A and R143A/E144A abolished p23 suppressor activity only and their protein levels increased to wild type level when co-expressed with p19. This work may facilitate a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of CTV mild strains.

Estimation of the number of aphids carrying Citrus tristeza virus that visit adult citrus trees

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Marroquı́n ◽  
Antonio Olmos ◽  
Marı́a Teresa Gorris ◽  
Edson Bertolini ◽  
M. Carmen Martı́nez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

scholarly journals Amplification of Citrus Tristeza Virus from a cDNA Clone and Infection of Citrus Trees

Virology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Satyanarayana ◽  
M. Bar-Joseph ◽  
M. Mawassi ◽  
M.R. Albiach-Martí ◽  
M.A. Ayllón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Clone ◽  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza ◽  
Citrus Trees

First report of citrus tristeza virus in commercial citrus orchards in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Najar ◽  
Imen Hamdi ◽  
Souad Mahmoud ◽  
Lassaad Medhioub ◽  
Imed Jaouadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Citrus Orchards ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

A model for the spread and control of citrus tristeza virus disease

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Ruth Marcus ◽  
Hovav Talpaz ◽  
Moshe Bar-Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Citrus Tristeza
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