Comparison of Two Soil Sampling Methods for Estimating Population Densities of Heterodera glycines Cysts

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Smrtnik ◽  
Terry Niblack ◽  
Pierce Paul ◽  
Anne Dorrance ◽  
Dain Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Economic Pest

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is a significant economic pest of soybean in Ohio and the Midwest, in which yield losses are directly linked to the population density and distribution of cysts within a field. Advances in automation technology have been used to expedite soil fertility sampling for large-scale and high-density field maps. In this study, we explored the use of this technology as an option for sampling for SCN. There was a significant positive correlation for the number of SCN cysts between soil samples collected with an Automated Precision Soil Sampler and those collected using the traditional soil sampling method from three separate fields (P < 0.05, r values of 0.79 to 0.93). These results suggest that expedited soil sampling in fields with high population densities could be an added benefit for soybean farmers to encourage more sampling for SCN to monitor population levels as part of their overall management program. Accepted for publication 18 July 2016. Published 12 August 2016.

COCCINELLIDS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) AND SYRPHIDS (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) AS PREDATORS OF APHIDS IN CEREAL CROPS: A COMPARISON OF SAMPLING METHODS

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lapchin ◽  
A. Ferran ◽  
G. Iperti ◽  
J.M. Rabasse ◽  
J.P. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Predator Density ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Searching Method ◽  
Plant Sampling ◽  
Syrphid Larvae ◽  
Full Height

AbstractThe reliability of three methods for sampling aphidophagous coccinellids and syrphids in a winter wheat field was compared.In the first method, an observer recorded predators seen during 2 min per 25-m2 sub-plot. In the second, two observers worked successively through each plot, scanning the full height of wheat plants and collecting predators. This method enables calculation of predator density using De Lury’s technique. The third method consisted of collecting wheat plants from each sub-plot for examination in the laboratory.The first method may be used for appraising populations of adult coccinellids on a large scale. The detailed searching method is appropriate for studies of the population dynamics of adult and fourth-instar coccinellids. The plant sampling method is the most accurate for assesssing densities of syrphid larvae and pupae.

Jane Jacobs

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-169
Author(s):  
Paul Kidder ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
York City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
The People ◽  
Architectural Preservation ◽  
American Cities

Jane Jacobs’s classic 1961 book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, famously indicted a vision of urban development based on large scale projects, low population densities, and automobile-centered transportation infrastructure by showing that small plans, mixed uses, architectural preservation, and district autonomy contributed better to urban vitality and thus the appeal of cities. Implicit in her thinking is something that could be called “the urban good,” and recognizable within her vision of the good is the principle of subsidiarity—the idea that governance is best when it is closest to the people it serves and the needs it addresses—a principle found in Catholic papal encyclicals and related documents. Jacobs’s work illustrates and illuminates the principle of subsidiarity, not merely through her writings on cities, but also through her activism in New York City, which was influential in altering the direction of that city’s subsequent planning and development.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based decision support system for weeds detection in wheat fields

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Brahim Jabir ◽  
Noureddine Falih
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Hand Weeding

<span>In precision farming, identifying weeds is an essential first step in planning an integrated pest management program in cereals. By knowing the species present, we can learn about the types of herbicides to use to control them, especially in non-weeding crops where mechanical methods that are not effective (tillage, hand weeding, and hoeing and mowing). Therefore, using the deep learning based on convolutional neural network (CNN) will help to automatically identify weeds and then an intelligent system comes to achieve a localized spraying of the herbicides avoiding their large-scale use, preserving the environment. In this article we propose a smart system based on object detection models, implemented on a Raspberry, seek to identify the presence of relevant objects (weeds) in an area (wheat crop) in real time and classify those objects for decision support including spot spray with a chosen herbicide in accordance to the weed detected.</span>

scholarly journals Interview with Mr. Jeffrey Alderman, CEO, ACBSP

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Alderman Dr.
Keyword(s):  
Kansas City ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
General Motors ◽  
University Of Kansas ◽  
Team Student ◽  
The University

SDMIMD is proud in receving the accreditation from the Accreditation Council for Business Schools and Programm (ACBSP), US, for our flagship management program PGDM. Mr. Jeffrey Alderman, President/ CEO, ACBSP, recently, has visited India. Prior to joining ACBSP, Mr. Alderman served as Vice President of the Kansas City, Kansas Chamber of Commerce overseeing business development for the Chamber by working with small to large scale businesses on consulting, branding, and marketing initiatives. A sampling of member companies includes General Motors, Kansas Speedway, Sporting Kansas City, and The University of Kansas Medical Center. SDMIMD had the honor to have Mr. Alderman in the campus, where he addressed the students and interacted with the faculty members. The Dimension Team (Student Magazine) from SDMIMD has an opportunity to interview Mr. Alderman on various aspects. The discussion has been summarized below.

Non-Probabilistic Sampling in Quantitative Clinical Research

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Quantitative researchers need a probabilistic sample to generalise their findings, but research constraints often compel them to use non-probabilistic samples. The use of non-probability sampling methods in quantitative studies has therefore become a norm. Interestingly, even studies published in top-quality journals compromise best practices that the use of non-probabilistic samples requires. Based on a thorough review of relevant studies, we developed a typology of non-probability sampling methods used in quantitative health studies. An attempt was made to discuss the limit of inference under each type of non-probability sampling method. Non-probability sampling in quantitative research was also delineated as a way to maximise response rate. This study is expected to guide students and early career epidemiologists to understand how to apply non-probabilistic sampling methods in quantitative approaches and plausibly document or report their chosen methods.

Digital instruments for reporting of gastrointestinal symptoms in clinical trials: comparison of end-of-day diaries versus experience sampling method (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham B. Beckers ◽  
Johanna T.W. Snijkers ◽  
Zsa Zsa R.M. Weerts ◽  
Lisa Vork ◽  
Tim Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Irritable Bowel

BACKGROUND Questionnaires are necessary tools for assessing symptoms of disorders of the brain-gut interaction in clinical trials. We previously reported on the excellent compliance to a smartphone app used as symptom diary in a randomized clinical trial in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Other sampling methods, such as the experience sampling method (ESM), are better equipped to measure symptom variability over time, provide useful information regarding possible symptom triggers and are free of ecological and recall bias. The high frequency of measurements, however, could limit the feasibility of ESM in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare compliance rates of a smartphone-based end-of-day diary and ESM for symptom assessment in irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS Data from four studies were included. Patients with IBS participated in a randomized controlled trial, which involved a smartphone end-of-day diary of 2+8 weeks (pre-treatment + treatment period), and an observational study, during which patients completed ESM assessments using a smartphone application for one week. Patients with FD participated in a randomized controlled trial, which involved a smartphone end-of-day diary of 2+12 weeks (pre-treatment + treatment period), and an observational study, during which patients completed ESM assessments using a smartphone application for one week. Compliance rates were compared between these two symptom sampling methods. RESULTS Twenty-five patients with IBS and fifteen patients with FD were included. Overall compliance rates for the end-of-day diaries were significantly higher than for ESM (IBS: 92.7% versus 69.8%, FD: 90.1% versus 61.4%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We here demonstrate excellent compliance rates for smartphone application-based end-of-day diaries as used in two separate clinical trials. Overall compliance rates for ESM were significantly lower, rendering it more suitable for intermittent sampling periods rather than continuously during longer clinical trials.

Sukuk as an Infrastructure-Financing Tool

2020 ◽  
pp. 770-787
Author(s):  
Ahliddin Malikov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Depth Interviews

Although many studies have stressed potential benefits of using Sukuk for funding large-scale infrastructure projects, several technical, legal, and political obstacles that are encountered by new sovereign and corporate issuers, investors, and Shari'ah boards remain largely unexplored. This research evaluates the opportunities, barriers, and potential risks for future Sukuk issuances that are proposed for funding large-scale infrastructure projects in developing countries. A purposive sampling method was employed to conduct in-depth interviews with several Islamic finance experts in support of the qualitative data analysis. Using the maximal variation and snowball approach, the researcher identifies the key challenges for large-scale Sukuk issuances and provides useful interpretations that can contribute to the expansion of Sukuk structures for a wider international investor base.

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