First Report of Pierce's Disease in New Mexico

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Randall ◽  
Maxim Radionenko ◽  
Jason M. French ◽  
Natalie P. Goldberg ◽  
Stephen F. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Symptomatic Tissue

In the fall of 2006, Vitis vinifera Chardonnay grapevines from two vineyards in southern New Mexico exhibited leaf scorch and dieback symptoms consistent with Pierce's disease. ELISA, PCR, and culturing assays all detected the presence of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease, in symptomatic tissue from both vineyards confirming Pierce's disease in New Mexico. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that isolates from New Mexico grapes are closely related to a X. fastidiosa isolate recently found in the landscape plant Chitalpa tashkentensis in New Mexico. Accepted for publication 20 April 2007. Published 2 October 2007.

scholarly journals First Report of Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) in Arizona, New Mexico, California, and Texas

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Hilton ◽  
Y-.K. Jo ◽  
K. Cervantes ◽  
R. A. Stamler ◽  
J. J. Randall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Pierce's Disease Strains and Other Pathotypes of Xylella fastidiosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 895-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mavis Hendson ◽  
Alexander H. Purcell ◽  
Deqiao Chen ◽  
Chris Smart ◽  
Magalie Guilhabert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Rapd Pcr

ABSTRACT Strains of Xylella fastidiosa isolated from grape, almond, maple, and oleander were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-, repetitive extragenic palindromic element (REP)-, and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR; contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gel electrophoresis; plasmid content; and sequencing of the 16S-23S rRNA spacer region. Combining methods gave greater resolution of strain groupings than any single method. Strains isolated from grape with Pierce's disease (PD) from California, Florida, and Georgia showed greater than previously reported genetic variability, including plasmid contents, but formed a cluster based on analysis of RAPD-PCR products,NotI and SpeI genomic DNA fingerprints, and 16S-23S rRNA spacer region sequence. Two groupings of almond leaf scorch (ALS) strains were distinguished by RAPD-PCR and CHEF gel electrophoresis, but some ALS isolates were clustered within the PD group. RAPD-PCR, CHEF gel electrophoresis, and 16S-23S rRNA sequence analysis produced the same groupings of strains, with RAPD-PCR resolving the greatest genetic differences. Oleander strains, phony peach disease (PP), and oak leaf scorch (OLS) strains were distinct from other strains. DNA profiles constructed by REP-PCR analysis were the same or very similar among all grape strains and most almond strains but different among some almond strains and all other strains tested. Eight of 12 ALS strains and 4 of 14 PD strains of X. fastidiosa isolated in California contained plasmids. All oleander strains carried the same-sized plasmid; all OLS strains carried the same-sized plasmid. A plum leaf scald strain contained three plasmids, two of which were the same sizes as those found in PP strains. These findings support a division of X. fastidiosaat the subspecies or pathovar level.

scholarly journals Molecular Profiling of Pierce’s Disease Outlines the Response Circuitry of Vitis vinifera to Xylella fastidiosa Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A. Zaini ◽  
Rafael Nascimento ◽  
Hossein Gouran ◽  
Dario Cantu ◽  
Sandeep Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Molecular Profiling ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pierce’S Disease

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of a Novel Xylella fastidiosa Subspecies Found in the Southwestern United States

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (17) ◽  
pp. 5631-5638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Randall ◽  
Natalie P. Goldberg ◽  
John D. Kemp ◽  
Maxim Radionenko ◽  
Jason M. French ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Regional Survey ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Multiple Loci

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of several scorch diseases, is associated with leaf scorch symptoms in Chitalpa tashkentensis, a common ornamental landscape plant used throughout the southwestern United States. For a number of years, many chitalpa trees in southern New Mexico and Arizona exhibited leaf scorch symptoms, and the results from a regional survey show that chitalpa trees from New Mexico, Arizona, and California are frequently infected with X. fastidiosa. Phylogenetic analysis of multiple loci was used to compare the X. fastidiosa infecting chitalpa strains from New Mexico, Arizona, and trees imported into New Mexico nurseries with previously reported X. fastidiosa strains. Loci analyzed included the 16S ribosome, 16S-23S ribosomal intergenic spacer region, gyrase-B, simple sequence repeat sequences, X. fastidiosa-specific sequences, and the virulence-associated protein (VapD). This analysis indicates that the X. fastidiosa isolates associated with infected chitalpa trees in the Southwest are a highly related group that is distinct from the four previously defined taxons X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa (piercei), X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex, X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi, and X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Therefore, the classification proposed for this new subspecies is X. fastidiosa subsp. tashke.

scholarly journals Water Deficit Modulates the Response of Vitis vinifera to the Pierce's Disease Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Kyu Choi ◽  
Alberto Iandolino ◽  
Francisco Goes da Silva ◽  
Douglas R. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

Pierce's disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated grape, currently restricted to the Americas. To test the long-standing hypothesis that Pierce's disease results from pathogen-induced drought stress, we used the Affymetrix Vitis GeneChip to compare the transcriptional response of Vitis vinifera to Xylella infection, water deficit, or a combination of the two stresses. The results reveal a redirection of gene transcription involving 822 genes with a minimum twofold change (P < 0.05), including the upregulation of transcripts for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, pathogenesis-related proteins, abscisic acid- and jasmonic acid-responsive biosynthesis, and downregulation of transcripts related to photosynthesis, growth, and nutrition. Although the transcriptional response of plants to Xylella infection was largely distinct from the response of healthy plants to water stress, we find that 138 of the pathogen-induced genes exhibited a significantly stronger transcriptional response when plants were simultaneously exposed to infection and drought stress, suggesting a strong interaction between disease and water deficit. This interaction between drought stress and disease was mirrored in planta at the physiological level for aspects of water relations and photosynthesis and in terms of the severity of disease symptoms and the extent of pathogen colonization, providing a molecular correlate of the classical concept of the disease triangle in which environment impacts disease severity.

scholarly journals Ethylene and Structure-Function Relations of Xylella fastidiosa in Vitis vinifera in Pierce's Disease in Plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1142-1143
Author(s):  
E Ellis ◽  
B Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Pierce’S Disease

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.

scholarly journals Leaf Scorch of Purple-Leafed Plum and Sweetgum Dieback: Two New Diseases in Southern California Caused by Xylella fastidiosa Strains with Different Host Ranges

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hernandez-Martinez ◽  
D. A. Cooksey ◽  
F. P. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Southern California ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch

Sweetgum dieback and leaf scorch of purple-leafed plum are two new diseases of southern California landscape ornamentals. Samplings were conducted in 2003 and 2004 and 28 of 105 sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) and 38 of 62 purple-leafed plum (Prunus cerasifera) plants tested positive for Xylella fastidiosa by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In all, 3 strains of X. fastidiosa were isolated from sweetgum and 13 from purple-leafed plum. All sweetgum strains and some purple-leafed plum strains grew on PW but not PD3 media. Strain PC045 from purple-leafed plum and strain LS022 from sweetgum were inoculated into their original hosts in addition to almond, oleander, and grapevine plants. Sweetgum plants also were inoculated with strains causing Pierce's disease, almond leaf scorch, and oleander leaf scorch. Strain PC045 caused symptoms in purple-leafed plum and almond plants within 6 months, and the pathogen was recovered from 93 and 100% of inoculated plants, respectively. Inoculation of grapevine and oleander plants with PC045 did not result in disease or recovery of the pathogen. In all, 5 of 25 sweetgum plants inoculated with LS022 showed symptoms after 9 months, and the pathogen was recovered from 3 of these plants. Inoculation of grapevine, oleander, and almond with LS022 resulted in no disease or recovery of the pathogen from the plants. A strain of Pierce's disease, a strain of oleander leaf scorch, and two strains from almond did not cause disease in sweetgum. These results confirm the role of X. fastidiosa strains as pathogens of purple-leafed plum and sweetgum, and that strains from sweetgum are unique in their host range.

scholarly journals Hypervariations of a Protease-Encoding Gene, PD0218 (pspB), in Xylella fastidiosa Strains Causing Almond Leaf Scorch and Pierce's Disease in California

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 3652-3657 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
E. Civerolo ◽  
K. Tubajika ◽  
S. Livingston ◽  
B. Higbee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Putative Protease ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch

ABSTRACT Xylella fastidiosa is a gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium that causes almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) and Pierce's disease (PD) of grape in many regions of North America and Mexico. Of the two 16S rRNA gene genotypes described in California, A genotype strains cause ALSD only and G genotype strains cause both PD and ALSD. While G genotype strains cause two different diseases, little is known about their genetic variation. In this study, we identified a putative protease locus, PD0218 (pspB), in the genome of X. fastidiosa and evaluated the variation at this locus in X. fastidiosa populations. PD0218 contains tandem repeats of ACDCCA, translated to threonine and proline (TP), upstream of the putative protease conserved domain. Among 116 X. fastidiosa ALSD and PD strains isolated from seven locations in California, tandem repeat numbers (TRNs) varied from 9 to 47, with a total of 30 TRN genotypes, indicating that X. fastidiosa possesses an active mechanism for contracting and expanding tandem repeats at this locus. Significant TRN variation was found among PD strains (mean = 29.9), which could be further divided into two TRN groups: PD-Gsmall (mean = 17.3) and PD-Glarge (mean = 44.3). Less variation was found in ALSD strains (mean = 21.7). The variation was even smaller after ALSD strains were subdivided into the A and G genotypes (mean = 13.3, for the G genotype; mean = 27.1, for the A genotype). Genetic variation at the PD0218 locus is potentially useful for sensitive discrimination of X. fastidiosa strains. However, TRN stability, variation range, and correlation to phenotypes should be evaluated in epidemiological applications such as pathotype identification and delineation of pathogen origin.

scholarly journals Landscape Epidemiology of Xylella fastidiosa in the Balearic Islands

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Diego Olmo ◽  
Alicia Nieto ◽  
David Borràs ◽  
Marina Montesinos ◽  
Francesc Adrover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Almond Leaf Scorch

Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a vascular plant pathogen native to the Americas. In 2013, it was first reported in Europe, implicated in a massive die-off of olive trees in Apulia, Italy. This finding prompted mandatory surveys across Europe, successively revealing that the bacterium was already established in some distant areas of the western Mediterranean. To date, the Balearic Islands (Spain) hold the major known genetic diversity of Xf in Europe. Since October 2016, four sequence types (ST) belonging to the subspecies fastidiosa (ST1), multiplex (ST7, ST81), and pauca (ST80) have been identified infecting 28 host species, including grapevines, almond, olive, and fig trees. ST1 causes Pierce’s disease (PD) and together with ST81 are responsible for almond leaf scorch disease (ALSD) in California, from where they were introduced into Mallorca in around 1993, very likely via infected almond scions brought for grafting. To date, almond leaf scorch disease affects over 81% of almond trees and Pierce’s disease is widespread in vineyards across Mallorca, although producing on average little economic impact. In this perspective, we present and analyze a large Xf-hosts database accumulated over four years of field surveys, laboratory sample analyses, and research to understand the underlying causes of Xf emergence and spread among crops and wild plants in the Balearic Islands. The impact of Xf on the landscape is discussed.

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