scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy, Selection of Effective Partners, and Application Time of Strobilurin Fungicides for Control of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Sugar Beet

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Karadimos ◽  
G. S. Karaoglanidis
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Component ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Calculated Ratio ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, we attempt to optimize the use of strobilurin fungicides by testing the efficacy of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin under field conditions, by testing for the most efficient partners in fungicide mixtures, and by testing control efficacy of strobilurin fungicides applied at several application times to determine the better options for disease management. Results showed that trifloxystrobin was the most efficient strobilurin fungicide, followed by pyraclostrobin. Azoxystrobin provided a modest to poor control efficacy, whereas kresoxim-methyl provided only poor disease control efficacy. Mixtures of azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin with either chlorothalonil or maneb and difenoconazole or flutriafol were tested for their efficacy in controlling the disease. The results showed that the azoxystrobin-containing mixtures provided significantly better control compared with that obtained by single applications of each mixture component. The mixtures of trifloxystrobin with maneb or with difenoconazole or flutriafol provided control efficacy similar to that obtained by single applications of trifloxystrobin, whereas the mixture of trifloxystrobin and chlorothalonil provided significantly lower control efficacy compared with the other trifloxystrobin-containing mixtures tested. For both strobilurin fungicides tested, the calculated ratio between the observed and the expected control efficacy ranged around the value of 1, suggesting additive interactions between the mixtures' components. To determine the most appropriate time for strobilurin fungicides application, trifloxystrobin was applied as the first two, the middle two, or the final two consecutive treatments of six fungicide applications. The remaining fungicide treatments in the spray schedules were carried out by applying the systemic fungicide difenoconazole. Results showed that a higher control efficacy was obtained when trifloxystrobin was applied in either of the earlier applications.

scholarly journals Control of Benzimidazole- and DMI-Resistant Strains of Cercospora beticola with Strobilurin Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Karaoglanidis ◽  
G. Bardas
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Benzimidazole Fungicides ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Resistant Strains

The control efficacy of two new strobilurin fungicides, trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, against Cercospora beticola isolates resistant and sensitive to sterol demethylation-inhibiting (DMI) fungicides and benzimidazole fungicides and the effects on evolution of resistance were tested in the current study. Control efficacy of strobilurin fungicides was measured using three C. beticola isolates, one DMI-resistant (DMIR), one benzimidazole-resistant (BENR), and one of wild-type sensitivity (WCB). Both pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin provided satisfactory control of all the three isolates used in the study, when applied at 5 μg ml-1 and very high levels of control when applied at 10 μg ml-1. Control was independent of the isolate sensitivity to benomyl and difenoconazole. In contrast, benomyl applied at 10 μg ml-1 failed to control sufficiently the benzimidazole-resistant isolate, whereas difenoconazole applied at either 5 or 10 μg ml-1 failed to provide satisfactory control of the DMI-resistant isolate of the pathogen. The effects of strobilurin fungicide applications on the evolution of resistance to benzimidazole and DMI fungicides were tested under field conditions in a 2-year experiment (2003 to 2004). Applications of either trifloxystrobin or pyraclostrobin provided high levels of disease control during both years of the study, whereas applications of either benomyl or difenoconazole provided a moderate control efficacy. Measurements of resistance frequencies to benomyl and to difenoconazole showed that successive applications of benomyl tended to select for high frequencies of benzimidazole-resistant phenotypes, whereas successive applications of difenoconazole tended to select for high frequencies of DMI-resistant phenotypes. In contrast, applications of either trifloxystrobin or pyraclostrobin prevented an increase of benzimidazole- or DMI-resistant phenotypes compared with the plots treated with benomyl or difenoconazole, respectively, and decreased frequency of resistance compared with untreated control plots.

Genetics of Cercospora Leaf Spot Resistance in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] through Generation Mean Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Choudhary ◽  
Ramesh Chand ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Generation Mean Analysis ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Efficient Breeding ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) is a fungal disease of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] caused by Cercospora canescens and now emerged as an important biotic stress. A better understanding of the genetics of CLS resistance will help in formulating efficient breeding procedures in mungbean.Methods: The present investigation focused on genetics of CLS resistance through generation mean analysis (six parameter model) in two intra-specific mungbean crosses namely, Kopergaon × HUM12 and Kopergaon × ML1720. Four quantitative disease resistance components, viz., Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC), Incubation period (IP), Latent period (LP) and degree of sporulation (SP) were studied.Result: A high correlation of AUDPC with latent period (r = –0.68 to –0.79, P less than 0.0001) and SP (r = 0.72 to -0.81, P less than 0.0001) advocated that both are main contributor for CLS disease development. High heterosis along with high heritability in terms of AUDPC ( greater than 0.09) indicated the importance of genetic factor(s) in controlling CLS resistance. Generation mean analysis of both the crosses revealed duplicate epistatic interaction and involvement of two genes for CLS resistance in terms of AUDPC. This study supports oligogenic nature of inheritance, advocating AUDPC along with IP, LP and SP as important disease indicator for selection of CLS resistance in mungbean.

scholarly journals Decision Making for Selection of Transarterial Locoregional Therapy of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasya Mendoza-Elias ◽  
Joseph Morrison ◽  
Ali Valeshabad ◽  
Andrew Lipnik ◽  
Ron Gaba
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Locoregional Therapies ◽  
Oncologic Therapy ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Guided Therapy

AbstractTransarterial locoregional therapies (LRTs) are indispensable components of the modern interventional oncologic therapy of liver-dominant metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The scope of available LRTs and their nuanced differences mandates a thorough understanding of their relative applicability and effectiveness in certain clinical circumstances to prescribe appropriate, patient-specific, image-guided therapy. This article aims to provide an overview of transarterial LRT options for liver-dominant metastatic NETs and therapy selection by reviewing procedure types, their advantages and disadvantages, and comparative efficacy in common case scenarios.

scholarly journals Effect of eradicative activity of strobilurin fungicides and difenconazole on mycelium and sporulation of Venturia inaequalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Agata Broniarek-Niemiec ◽  
Anna Bielenin ◽  
Barbara Dyki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicides ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Scanning Electron

The eradicative effect of two strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin) and difenoconazole on activity of apple scab spots was studied in greenhouse and field conditions. The reaction of mycelium and sporulation of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> after fungicides applications were observed in light and scanning electron microscope. Mixture of strobilurin fungicide and difenoconazole applied twice, in 5 days interval, gave the best eradicative effect. The inhibition of sporulation was long lasting and it was observed even 3 and 5 weeks after treatments. The conidiophores, conidia and mycelium were damaged. Also difenoconazole showed good eradicative activity, in field condition up to 5 weeks after application. Trifloxystrobin significantly reduced the number of active scab lesions and the effect was visible even 3 weeks after treatment. Kresoxim-methyl in both tested doses (0,2 and 0,3 kg/ha) was slightly less effective.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF COFFEE PROGENIES WITH LARGE BEANS RESISTANT TO RUST AND CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Fernanda Aparecida Castro Pereira ◽  
Samuel Pereira de Carvalho ◽  
Mariana Thereza Rodrigues Viana ◽  
Douglas Alves Vidal ◽  
Guilherme Souza Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Mixed Model Approach ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Model Approach

<p>Rust is the main disease of coffee. Recently, cercospora leaf spot has grown in importance, intensifying defoliation and decreasing grain yield. The aim of this study was to use a mixed model approach to select the best progenies of "Big Coffee VL" for resistance to rust and cercospora leaf spot. We used 12 progenies with high bean yields. Based on bean size, leaves and plant size, plants within each progeny were classified as "small" (P), "medium" (M) and "large" (G). The experimental design was completely randomized, with six replicates and one plant per plot. Six measurements were carried out every 15 days for each plant by selecting 20 fully exposed leaves with higher and lower sun exposures. The measurements summarized disease severity using two diagrammatic scales to obtain the area of the leaf under rust or Cercospora leaf spot. A mixed model approach was used to calculate genotypic value (GV) and heritability estimates. The Mulamba and Mock index was used to select the most resistant progenies, in which the sum of rankings was weighted by a heritability value. Five progenies were selected; three progenies were G (G17, G9, and G12), one progeny was M (M5) and another progeny P (P23). Among these, M5 and P23 progenies are the most productive and may have potential use in future studies. The statistical approach used to predict promising genotypes facilitates the selection of genetically superior individuals for maximizing yields.</p>

Comparative efficacy of cryoprotectant in the lyophilizationof pigeon paramyxovirus-1 vaccine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousam Das ◽  
Devi Prasad Isore ◽  
Chanchal Guha ◽  
Ujjwal Biswas ◽  
Amaresh Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Specific Pathogen Free ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Infective Dose ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lactalbumin Hydrolysate ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Preparation of live attenuated freeze dried Pigeon Paramyxo Virus-1 (PPMV-1) vaccine selection of proper cryoprotectant which could preserve and protect the virus against injury due to reduction of temperature at the time of lyophilization, was very necessary. PPMV-1 locally isolated lentogenic strain was selected as seed virus which was properly attenuated by serially passaging in 9 to 10 days old embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) fowl eggs and produced master seed virus and working seed virus. Five per cent lactalbumin hydrolysate with 10% sucrose (LAS) and 1% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as two different cryoprotectant for lyophilization of working seed virus. After lyophilization value of haemagglutination (HA) titer and embryo infective dose fifty per ml (EID50/ml) were changed and concluded that both LAS and PVP could be used as suitable cryoprotectant where LAS was better than PVP which was first time done in the whole world.

scholarly journals Synthetic and Biorational Fungicides Compared for the Control of Three Foliar Diseases of Flowering Dogwood

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
A.K. Hagan ◽  
J.R. Akridge
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
One Year

Abstract The biorational fungicides Neem Concentrate, SunSpray Ultra Fine Oil®, Rhapsody® were compared with the synthetic fungicides Eagle® 40W, Immunox®, Liquid Systemic Fungicide®, and 3336™ 50W for the control of spot anthracnose, Cercospora leaf spot, and powdery mildew on ‘Rubra’ flowering dogwood. In 2003, 2004, and 2005, fungicide treatments were applied at label rates at 1- and/or 2-week intervals over a period that coincided with the onset spot anthracnose and powdery mildew but before the appearance of Cercospora leaf spot. With few exceptions, the synthetic fungicides gave better control of the above diseases than biorational fungicides. Eagle 40W, Immunox, Liquid Systemic Fungicide, and 3336 50W gave equal control of the bract and leaf spot phases of spot anthracnose. Most notable was the carryover of control of the bract spot phase of spot anthracnose into the spring of the following year with the synthetic fungicides. While some control of spot anthracnose was seen in at least one year with the biorational fungicides, none was as effective as the synthetic fungicides. In 2003 and 2004, Neem Concentrate, SunSpray Ultra Fine Oil, and Rhapsody, when applied weekly controlled powdery mildew as effectively as the synthetic fungicides. Efficacy of the biorational fungicides declined under severe powdery mildew pressure in 2005. While Cercospora leaf spot development was slowed by the Eagle 40W, Liquid Systemic Fungicide, and 3336 50W, the biorational fungicides as well as the retail product Immunox also gave some control. An objectionable mottling of the leaves was noted on the flowering dogwood treated with SunSpray Ultra Fine Oil. Control of these diseases with the synthetic or biorational fungicides did not result in an increase in tree height or trunk diameter. While the biorational fungicides demonstrated sufficient efficacy for controlling powdery mildew on flowering dogwood in the landscape, they often failed to provide the level of control of this disease as well as spot anthracnose and Cercospora leaf spot needed to produce quality container- and field-grown nursery stock.

scholarly journals Why do fungicide mixtures delay the evolution of resistance? An experimental evolutionary approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agathe Ballu ◽  
Anne Deredec ◽  
Anne-Sophie Walker ◽  
Florence Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Mixture Component ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Minimal Dose ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Evolution Of Resistance ◽  
Evolution Study ◽  
Continuous Use

Pesticide resistance poses a critical threat to agriculture, human health and biodiversity. Mixtures of fungicides are recommended and widely used in resistance management strategies. However, the components of the efficiency of such mixtures remain unclear. We performed an experimental evolution study on the fungal pathogen Z. tritici, to determine how mixtures managed resistance. We compared the effect of the continuous use of single active ingredients to that of mixtures, at the minimal dose providing full control of the disease, which we refer to as the "efficient" dose. We found that the performance of efficient-dose mixtures against an initially susceptible population depended strongly on the components of the mixture. Such mixtures were either as durable as the best mixture component used alone, or worse than all components used alone. Moreover, efficient-dose mixture regimes probably select for generalist resistance profiles as a result of the combination of selection pressures exerted by the various components and their lower doses. Our results indicate that mixtures should not be considered a universal strategy. Experimental evaluations of specificities for the pathogens targeted, their interactions with fungicides and the interactions between fungicides are crucial for the design of sustainable resistance management strategies.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Crapemyrtle Cultivars to Powdery Mildew and Cercospora Leaf Spot in Alabama

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
A. K. Hagan ◽  
G. J. Keever ◽  
C. H. Gilliam ◽  
J. D. Williams ◽  
G. Creech
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Near East ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Evaluation Period ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Residential Landscapes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Reaction of 43 cultivars in three crapemyrtle taxa (Lagerstroemia indica, L. indica x fauriei and L. fauriei) to powdery mildew (Erysiphe lagerstroemia) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora lythracearum) was evaluated for three years in a simulated landscape planting in Auburn, AL. Overall, the incidence of powdery mildew was lower on L. indica x fauriei and L. fauriei than on L. indica. In two of three years, Cercospora leaf spot severity was similar among all cultivars of L. indica and L. indica x fauriei, while the single selection of L. fauriei ‘Fantasy’ proved highly resistant to this disease. Selected cultivars in each crapemyrtle taxa were resistant to one or both diseases. Over the three-year evaluation period, hybrid cultivars ‘Tuscarora’, ‘Tuskegee’, and ‘Tonto’, as well as L. fauriei ‘Fantasy’ were largely free of powdery mildew and suffered little damage from Cercospora leaf spot. Cultivars suffering light injury to the foliage along with little noticeable defoliation from either disease were L. indica x fauriei ‘Basham's Party Pink’, ‘Apalachee’, ‘Caddo’ as well as L. indica ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Glendora White’. Lagerstroemia indica ‘Carolina Beauty’, ‘Wonderful White’, ‘Raspberry Sundae’, ‘Powhatan’, ‘Peppermint Lace’, ‘Majestic Beauty’, and ‘Orbin Adkins’ were susceptible to both powdery mildew and Cercospora leaf spot. The mildew-resistant cultivars ‘Acoma’, ‘Near East’, ‘Yuma’, ‘Souix’, ‘Hopi’, and ‘Comanche’ suffered extensive spotting of the leaves, which extended well into the mid-canopy, along with heavy leaf shed due to Cercospora leaf spot. Cultivars which are susceptible to one or both diseases would be poor choices in low maintenance commercial or residential landscapes.

scholarly journals Scoring Cercospora Leaf Spot on Sugar Beet: Comparison of UGV and UAV Phenotyping Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jay ◽  
A. Comar ◽  
R. Benicio ◽  
J. Beauvois ◽  
D. Dutartre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Spot Size ◽  
Unmanned Ground Vehicle ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
High Throughput Phenotyping ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Genotype Sensitivity

Selection of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) cultivars that are resistant to Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) disease is critical to increase yield. Such selection requires an automatic, fast, and objective method to assess CLS severity on thousands of cultivars in the field. For this purpose, we compare the use of submillimeter scale RGB imagery acquired from an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) under active illumination and centimeter scale multispectral imagery acquired from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) under passive illumination. Several variables are extracted from the images (spot density and spot size for UGV, green fraction for UGV and UAV) and related to visual scores assessed by an expert. Results show that spot density and green fraction are critical variables to assess low and high CLS severities, respectively, which emphasizes the importance of having submillimeter images to early detect CLS in field conditions. Genotype sensitivity to CLS can then be accurately retrieved based on time integrals of UGV- and UAV-derived scores. While UGV shows the best estimation performance, UAV can show accurate estimates of cultivar sensitivity if the data are properly acquired. Advantages and limitations of UGV, UAV, and visual scoring methods are finally discussed in the perspective of high-throughput phenotyping.

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