scholarly journals Impact of Stale Seedbed Production on Seedling Diseases in Cotton

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Colyer ◽  
P. R. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Seedling Disease ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Seedling Diseases

Cotton production using conservation tillage practices has increased in the past decade. Most studies involving reduced tillage have shown a reduction in plant populations, which has been attributed to seedling diseases. Although most of these studies have focused on no-till production, cotton planted in the mid-south is often planted using stale seedbeds. The objective of this research was to compare the effect of stale seedbed production and conventional tillage with and without in-furrow fungicides on the incidence and severity of seedling diseases. Tillage systems were established in the fall to focus on the effect of tillage on inoculum density and distribution and to minimize differences in the soil environment between tillage treatments. From 1998 to 2001, cotton was planted and seedling disease was evaluated by counting surviving plant populations, estimating stand uniformity, and conducting root and hypocotyl disease indices. Soil populations of Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. were also estimated. Plant populations were significantly different between tillage treatments in 1998 and between in-furrow treatments in 2000. Skip variables were not different in any year. Soil populations of Rhizoctonia spp. were highly variable and not significantly different among treatments in any year. Populations of Pythium spp. were higher in stale seedbed plots in 2000 and 2001. There were no differences in seed cotton yield in any year. In this study, stale seedbed production increased the incidence and severity of seedling diseases of cotton in only one of four years, but the disease was effectively managed with the application of in-furrow fungicides. These results indicate that the potential for an increase in seedling diseases associated with stale seedbed production is minimal and is not sufficient to overlook the potential benefits of this tillage system.

scholarly journals Preference of Peponapis pruinosa (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Tilled Soils Regardless of Soil Management System

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda R Skidmore ◽  
Clancy A Short ◽  
Chasity Dills ◽  
Karen Goodell ◽  
Ricardo T Bessin
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Strip Tillage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Peponapis Pruinosa ◽  
Ground Nesting

Abstract Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional tillage edge). The results of our study indicate that P. pruinosa nesting density did not significantly differ between the strip tillage and plasticulture systems. Within each system, P. pruinosa preferred excavating nests in the most disturbed soil zones (strip-tilled row and conventionally tilled edge). In the strip tillage system, the strip-tilled row had significantly more nests than the no-till edge. Results of these studies suggest that soil tillage practices can influence P. pruinosa nesting choice and production practices should be considered when developing a pollinator protection plan.

Yield, water productivity and economic return of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to conservation tillage practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1286
Author(s):  
Z. LI ◽  
Q. ZHANG ◽  
Q. YANG ◽  
X. YANG ◽  
J. LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
No Till

SUMMARYWinter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production on the Loess Plateau in China has been threatened by water scarcity and climate change during the last decade. Sustainable crop production in this region requires managerial practices that can provide high yield and high water productivity (WP). A 7-year (2001–2008) study at the Loess Plateau Research Station of Lanzhou University investigated the effects of various conservation tillage practices on grain yield, soil water content (SWC), WP and economic return of winter wheat production. Tillage treatments included: conventional tillage (T), conventional tillage followed by stubble retention (TS), no-till (NT) and no-till followed by stubble retention (NTS). Over the entire experimental period, grain yield and WP of winter wheat ranged from 1279 to 4894 kg/ha and 0·32 to 2·41 kg/m3, respectively. Both were significantly affected by tillage treatment and year, while SWC was only affected by year. Grain yield and WP in TS was increased by 4·9, 12·1, 0·9% and 13·7, 20·4 and 3·9% compared with NTS, NT and T, respectively, over seven growing seasons. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis indicated that grain yield is mainly limited by SWC during planting. Despite its lower grain yield, the NTS treatment increased economic benefit by US$ 328, US$ 23 and US$ 87/ha compared with TS, NT and T, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that increasing soil water storage at wheat sowing time and encouraging the use of NTS could improve economic returns in this region.

Simultaneous Adoption of Herbicide-Resistant and Conservation-Tillage Cotton Technologies

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland K. Roberts ◽  
Burton C. English ◽  
Qi Gao ◽  
James A. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Residual Herbicide ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Adoption

If adoption of herbicide-resistant seed and adoption of conservation-tillage practices are determined simultaneously, adoption of herbicide-resistant seed could indirectly reduce soil erosion and adoption of conservation-tillage practices could indirectly reduce residual herbicide use and increase farm profits. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between these two technologies for Tennessee cotton production. Evidence from Bayes' theorem and a two-equation logit model suggested a simultaneous relationship. Mean elasticities for acres in herbicide-resistant seed with respect to the probability of adopting conservation-tillage practices and acres in conservation-tillage practices with respect to the probability of adopting herbicide-resistant seed were 1.74 and 0.24, respectively.

Effect of long term no-till and conventional tillage practices on soil quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Aziz ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
K. Rafiq Islam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Temporal Change of Soil Carbon on a Long-Term Experimental Site with Variable Crop Rotations and Tillage Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Laamrani ◽  
Paul R. Voroney ◽  
Aaron A. Berg ◽  
Adam W. Gillespie ◽  
Michael March ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till

The impacts of tillage practices and crop rotations are fundamental factors influencing changes in the soil carbon, and thus the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this study was to compare soil carbon status and temporal changes in topsoil from different 4 year rotations and tillage treatments (i.e., no-till and conventional tillage). Rotation systems were primarily corn and soy-based and included cereal and alfalfa phases along with red clover cover crops. In 2018, soil samples were collected from a silty-loam topsoil (0–15 cm) from the 36 year long-term experiment site in southern Ontario, Canada. Total carbon (TC) contents of each sample were determined in the laboratory using combustion methods and comparisons were made between treatments using current and archived samples (i.e., 20 year and 9 year change, respectively) for selected crop rotations. Overall, TC concentrations were significantly higher for no-till compared with conventional tillage practices, regardless of the crop rotations employed. With regard to crop rotation, the highest TC concentrations were recorded in corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations with red clover cover crop in both cereal phases. TC contents were, in descending order, found in corn–corn–alfalfa–alfalfa (CCAA), corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW) with 1 year of seeded red clover, and corn–corn–corn–corn (CCCC). The lowest TC concentrations were observed in the corn–corn–soybean–soybean (CCSS) and corn–corn–oats–barley (CCOB) rotations without use of cover crops, and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We found that (i) crop rotation varieties that include two consecutive years of soybean had consistently lower TC concentrations compared with the remaining rotations; (ii) TC for all the investigated plots (no-till and/or tilled) increased over the 9 year and 20 year period; (iii) the no-tilled CCOB rotation with 2 years of cover crop showed the highest increase of TC content over the 20 year change period time; and (iv) interestingly, the no-till continuous corn (CCCC) rotation had higher TC than the soybean–soybean–corn–corn (SSCC) and corn–corn–soybean–winter wheat (CCSW). We concluded that conservation tillage (i.e., no-till) and incorporation of a cover crop into crop rotations had a positive effect in the accumulation of TC topsoil concentrations and could be suitable management practices to promote soil fertility and sustainability in our agricultural soils.

Effects of Conventional Tillage and Conservation Tillage on Soil Organic Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3832-3836
Author(s):  
Song Wei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices

For the last decades, because of increasing attention to global change, the carbon cycle in the terrestrial ecosystem has become a hotspot problem for every country. It has 1.6 Pg/a C to release into atmosphere because of the irrational land-use, quickening the step of global warming trend. But agricultural soil has the double-sword effects. If improper soil tillage practices are adopted, agricultural soil may become the source of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. And if adopting effective management measurement and scientific tillage technology, agricultural soil may become carbon sink. This paper reviewed the effects of conventional tillage and conservation tillage on soil organic carbon (SOC), and found that conservation tillage has a huge potential for sequestrating organic carbon compared with conventional tillage. Finally, the important significance of agriculture soil carbon sequestration was discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Weeds occurrence in areas submitted to distinct winter crops

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Concenço ◽  
C.J. Silva ◽  
L.A. Staut ◽  
C.S. Pontes ◽  
L.C.A.S. Laurindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Winter Fallow

In the Western Region of Brazil, it is usual to have two agricultural harvests in the same cropping season. Usually the first crop is soybean, followed by corn. In areas where corn is not planted due to a delayed harvest of soybean, farmers generally do not use winter crops. For these areas, the planting of winter oilseed crops aiming at the production of bio-fuels is one of the best alternatives; in addition, this would help in reducing the occurrence of weed species at the following summer crop. This study aimed to assessing the weed community in distinct winter crops post soybean crop, in terms of species composition, level of infestation and severity of occurrence. The following treatments were evaluated: agriculture under a no-till system with winter fallow, winter oilseed crops (crambe, radish, rapeseed) with no-till agriculture in the summer, and agriculture under a conventional tillage system with winter fallow. Phytosociological evaluations of all treatments were carried out 75 DAE of the oilseed crops, and the diversity indexes of Margalef, Menhinick, Simpson, and Shannon-Weiner were determined. Areas were also grouped by cluster analysis based on UPGMA applied at Jaccard's similarity matrix. Among the treatments with winter coverage, radish was the most efficient crop in suppressing the occurrence of weed species. The area with conventional tillage agriculture and winter fallow allowed for a higher occurrence of troublesome weeds. On the other hand, the area under fallow showed the highest absolute level of infestation. Overall, oilseed crops in the winter contribute to lower levels of infestation by weed species in these areas.

scholarly journals Evolution of some components of agroecosystems productivity from Vinga Plain in water stress situations

2010 ◽  
pp. 174-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Dicu ◽  
Iacob Borza ◽  
Dorin Tarau
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
System Level ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
No Till ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
On Line ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
The Impact

The researches are inscribed on line of substantiation of durable agricultural system, having main objective the prominence ofquantitative and qualitative modifications made on agro-system level under the effect of no-tillage system for wheat, maize and soybeans.The experimental field is placed on a cambium chernozem, with a medium content of clay, dominant in the Prodagro West Arad agrocentreand representative for a large surface in the Banat-Crisana Plain.The passing to no-till system change the structure of technological elements, through less soil works, so the impact on agro-system isdifferent comparing with conventional tillage, first less the intervention pressure on agro-system ant secondly appears new interactions, newequilibriums and disequilibriums.Considering the evolution of soil humidity, the observations made monthly (by taking soil samples and laboratory determinations) forthe three cultures showed that in the no-till system, there are more uniform values in the soil profile, and in the variants where the deep workof soil was made it could be observed a low increase of the water volume in the soil.

scholarly journals Impact of Tillage Systems Equipped with Row Cleaners on Some Selected Soil Physical Properties under Wheat Cropping

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Abdulla Fathi YOUNIS ◽  
Tariq Hama KARIM ◽  
Hussain Thahir TAHIR
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Crop Root ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
High Level

Availability of improved tillage and herbicides during the last decades has enhanced the acceptance of conservation tillage. The main constrain to this type of tillage, particularly, zero tillage is high level of crop residue, which reduces seeding quality, soil temperature, etc. Accordingly, a study was initiated by equipping row cleaners with no-till system under wheat cultivation. For this purpose, a field experiment was laid in a split-split plot design with three types of row cleaners, three sub-treatments of travelling speed, and two sub- sub treatments of tillage depth. The results indicated that the soil temperature was highly affected by percent of residue left. Measurement of penetration resistance indicated that hard pan was not a potential limiting factor for the crop root development. The soil water was increased by 8.83%, 15.33% and 12.54% under no-till without row cleaner (M1), no-till with narrow row cleaner (M2) and no-till with wide row cleaner (M3) respectively compared to that under conventional tillage (CT). The percentage of soil loss reduction under M1, M2 and M3 were 53.11%, 59.62% and 50.51% compared to that under CT. The water losses were also reduced by 46.19%, 48.65% and 46.86% under these treatments as compared with CT.

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