Methyl Iodide, an Ozone-Safe Alternative to Methyl Bromide as a Soil Fumigant

Plant Disease ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Ohr
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Soil Fumigant

scholarly journals Alternatives to Methyl Bromide for Strawberry Runner Plant Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1709-1715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahangir Kabir ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
John M. Duniway ◽  
Frank N. Martin ◽  
Gregory T. Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Strawberry Runner

For years, strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa L.) runner plant nurseries have relied on methyl bromide (MB) fumigation of soil to produce healthy transplants. Methyl bromide, however, has been phased out due to its environmental risks. The potential for alternative fumigants to replace MB was evaluated at low and high elevation strawberry nurseries in California. The alternative fumigant iodomethane plus chloropicrin (IMPic) and a nonfumigated control (NF) were compared to methyl bromide plus chloropicrin (MBPic) at a low elevation nursery (LEN) and at a high elevation nursery (HEN) near Susanville, Calif. At a HEN near Macdoel, Calif., MBPic was compared to alternative fumigants IMPic, 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin mixture (Telone C35) followed by dazomet, chloropicrin (Pic) followed by dazomet and NF. Plants produced at the LEN were transplanted at the Macdoel HEN to measure the effects of soil fumigant history on plant health and runner plant production. Plants produced at both high elevation nurseries were evaluated for fruit yield and quality at two commercial fruit production sites in soils previously fumigated with MBPic or Pic. Runner plant production at the nurseries was similar in plots fumigated with either MBPic or alternative fumigants. All fumigation treatments had higher runner plant production than plants produced for two production cycles on NF soils. Generally, fruit yields from nursery plants produced on soils fumigated with IMPic, Pic followed by dazomet, or Telone C35 followed by dazomet, were similar to fruit yields from plants produced on MBPic fumigated soils. Overall, our results indicate that preplant soil treatments with IMPic, Pic followed by dazomet, and Telone C35 followed by dazomet, are potential alternatives to MBPic fumigation for strawberry runner plant nurseries. Fruit yields by plants in MBPic and Pic fumigated soils were comparable; however, they were more variable in Pic fumigated soils. Chemical names used: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl bromide, methyl iodide (iodomethane), trichloronitromethane (chloropicrin), tetrahydro-3, 5-dimethyl-2 H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione (dazomet).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Methyl Iodide as a Soil Fumigant for Root-Knot Nematode Control in Carrot Production

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Hutchinson ◽  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
Howard D. Ohr ◽  
James J. Sims ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Overhead Irrigation

Methyl iodide performance as a soil fumigant was compared with methyl bromide for Meloidogyne incognita control in carrot production. Both compounds were applied to tarped beds by hot-gas fumigation in growers' fields near Bakersfield, California. Methyl iodide was applied at 112, 168, 224, and 336 kg ha-1 and methyl bromide at 112 and 224 kg ha-1. Other chemical treatments included a non-fumigated control, metam sodium (373 liters ha-1), applied through overhead irrigation, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D; 112 liters ha-1) commercially shank applied. Soil was either extracted or bioassayed with tomato plants to determine M. incognita populations prior to application of fumigants, 2 weeks after fumigant application, and at carrot harvest. Carrots were rated for marketability based on size and ematode-induced damage. Methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and 1,3 D were effective at reducing M. incognita populations over the season at all rates tested. In both trials, plants in plots fumigated with either methyl bromide or methyl iodide produced at least 161 and 181% more marketable carrots without nematode damage, respectively, than plants in control plots. Methyl iodide was an effective alternative to methyl bromide for nematode control in carrot production.

scholarly journals Ethnographic movement methods: anthropology takes on the pesticide industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvera I. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Applied Anthropology ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Soil Fumigants ◽  
The U.S

In this article, I describe how the methods of anthropology proved productive and fruitful for research and environmental justice (EJ) activism against methyl iodide, a highly toxic soil fumigant pesticide used to sterilize soil before food crops like strawberries are transplanted. I continue a thread of discussion around what roles anthropology, and especially, public and applied anthropology, should play in addressing the serious problems traditionally encountered, documented, analyzed, and theorized through ethnographic research. Anthropological engagement and action on methyl iodide and other soil fumigants produced unique research opportunities and networks up and down the agricultural hierarchy, as well as spaces to contribute ethnographic labor and critical analysis and reflection to the EJ movement. While this activist approach— what I refer to as 'ethnographic movement methods'—presented some challenges, the victorious end-result of having methyl iodide's manufacturer pull their product from the U.S. market in 2012 also demonstrated how anthropologists, in cooperation with communities confronted by environmental suffering, can work cooperatively towards alternative agricultural and ecological futures.Keywords: activism; applied anthropology; environmental justice; farmworkers; ethnographic movement methods; pesticides

Methyl bromide, other brominated methanes, and methyl iodide in polar firn air

2001 ◽  
Vol 106 (D2) ◽  
pp. 1595-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. Sturges ◽  
H. P. McIntyre ◽  
S. A. Penkett ◽  
J. Chappellaz ◽  
J.-M. Barnola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide

scholarly journals Critical Yellow Nutsedge-free Period for Polyethylene-mulched Bell Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. Motis ◽  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
James P. Gilreath
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Removal Experiment ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Soil Fumigant ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Phase Out ◽  
Pepper Plants

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) interference with bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has become an important concern because of the phase-out of methyl bromide as a soil fumigant. The critical period for yellow nutsedge control in pepper was determined in two adjacent experiments (removal and plant-back) conducted twice in separate fields each Spring and Fall 2000 in Gainesville, Fla. In the removal experiment, nutsedge was planted with pepper in all but the full-season (13 weeks) weed-free controls and removed at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after pepper transplanting (WAPT). Full-season weedy control plots in the removal experiment were obtained by never removing nutsedge planted with pepper (0 WAPT). In the plant-back experiment, all but the full-season weed-free controls received nutsedge with nutsedge planted at 0 (full-season weedy control), 1, 3, 5, and 7 WAPT. Sprouted nutsedge tubers were planted at a density of 45 tubers/m2. Results indicated that a nutsedge-free period from 3 to 5 WAPT in spring and 1 to 7 WAPT would prevent >10% yield reductions of large and marketable peppers. Full-season nutsedge interference reduced pepper yields by >70%. When planted with pepper, nutsedge shoots grew taller than pepper plants with nutsedge heights at 5 WAPT up to two times greater in fall than spring. Results indicated that yellow nutsedge control practices should be initiated earlier and continue longer in fall than spring due to faster early-season nutsedge growth in fall than spring.

scholarly journals Strain IMB-1, a Novel Bacterium for the Removal of Methyl Bromide in Fumigated Agricultural Soils

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2899-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Connell Hancock ◽  
Andria M. Costello ◽  
Mary E. Lidstrom ◽  
Ronald S. Oremland
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Iodide ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Methyl Chloride ◽  
Methylotrophic Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Novel Bacterium ◽  
Bacterium Strain

ABSTRACT A facultatively methylotrophic bacterium, strain IMB-1, that has been isolated from agricultural soil grows on methyl bromide (MeBr), methyl iodide, methyl chloride, and methylated amines, as well as on glucose, pyruvate, or acetate. Phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence indicates that strain IMB-1 classes in the alpha subgroup of the class Proteobacteria and is closely related to members of the genus Rhizobium. The ability of strain IMB-1 to oxidize MeBr to CO2 is constitutive in cells regardless of the growth substrate. Addition of cell suspensions of strain IMB-1 to soils greatly accelerates the oxidation of MeBr, as does pretreatment of soils with low concentrations of methyl iodide. These results suggest that soil treatment strategies can be devised whereby bacteria can effectively consume MeBr during field fumigations, which would diminish or eliminate the outward flux of MeBr to the atmosphere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document