Citrus Bacterial Canker Disease of Lime Trees in the Maldive Islands

Plant Disease ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
C. N. Roistacher
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis and Functional Validation of Citrus Pectin Acetylesterases (CsPAEs) Reveals that CsPAE2 Negatively Regulates Citrus Bacterial Canker Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9429
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Jia Fu ◽  
Xiujuan Qin ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Jingjing Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Citrus Pectin ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Potential Candidate Gene ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Development

The present study was designed to serve as a comprehensive analysis of Citrus sinensis (C. sinensis) pectin acetylesterases (CsPAEs), and to assess the roles of these PAEs involved in the development of citrus bacterial canker (CBC) caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) infection. A total of six CsPAEs were identified in the genome of C. sinensis, with these genes being unevenly distributed across chromosomes 3, 6, and 9, and the unassembled scaffolds. A subset of CsPAEs were found to be involved in responses to Xcc infection. In particular, CsPAE2 was identified to be associated with such infections, as it was upregulated in CBC-susceptible variety Wanjincheng and inversely in CBC-resistant variety Calamondin. Transgenic citrus plants overexpressing CsPAE2 were found to be more susceptible to CBC, whereas the silencing of this gene was sufficient to confer CBC resistance. Together, these findings provide evolutionary insights into and functional information about the CsPAE family. This study also suggests that CsPAE2 is a potential candidate gene that negatively contributes to bacterial canker disease and can be used to breed CBC-resistant citrus plants.

scholarly journals Adult Citrus Leafminers (Phyllocnistis citrella) Are Not Efficient Vectors for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Belasque ◽  
A. L. Parra-Pedrazzoli ◽  
J. Rodrigues Neto ◽  
P. T. Yamamoto ◽  
M. C. M. Chagas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Phyllocnistis Citrella ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Citrus Leafminer ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker ◽  
Experimental Trials

Interest in the interaction between the citrus leafminer (Phyllocnistis citrella) and citrus bacterial canker, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, has increased as a greater incidence and severity of canker-diseased plants was observed in groves infested with the citrus leafminer. To determine whether adults of the citrus leafminer could act as vectors of citrus canker, we investigated two potential mechanisms for direct spread by leafminer adults using experimental microcosms. First, adult leafminers were raised on canker-infected foliage and were allowed to mate and lay eggs on healthy plants. These plants then were observed for development of citrus canker symptoms. In a second set of experiments, adults raised on healthy plants were given free access to canker-diseased plants during the period in which they mated and laid eggs on healthy plants. In all, 3,119 mines were produced by developing larvae on a total of 2,384 leaves examined for citrus canker symptoms. No symptoms of citrus bacterial canker disease were observed on any of the healthy test plants in 37 independent experimental trials conducted to test these two potential mechanisms of spread of citrus canker, and the pathogen was not recovered from insects exposed to symptomatic Rangpur lime plants. The upper limit on the rate of transmission was estimated to be less than 0.2% per oviposition event based on the binomial probability distribution. However, when adult P. citrella insects were artificially contaminated with high levels of X. axonopodis pv. citri, transmission to Rangpur lime plants with the induction of citrus canker was observed. This suggests that the ability of P. citrella to transmit X. axonopodis pv. citri is limited by the rate at which it can acquire inoculum from infected plants. The results support the conclusion that adult citrus leafminers are not efficient vectors for citrus canker bacteria, and the disease is unlikely to be spread this way.

scholarly journals Surface Barriers of Mandarin ‘Okitsu’ Leaves Make a Major Contribution to Canker Disease Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Favaro ◽  
Norma G. Micheloud ◽  
Roxana A. Roeschlin ◽  
María A. Chiesa ◽  
Atilio P. Castagnaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Satsuma Mandarin ◽  
Surface Barriers ◽  
Citrus Bacterial Canker

Field evaluations have shown that Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) ‘Okitsu’ is one of the mandarin cultivars that shows substantial resistance to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri), the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this resistance are not well understood. In this study, we have shown that ‘Okitsu’ leaves are nevertheless susceptible to X. citri infection during a period of their development; however, this period is shorter than that seen in the susceptible mandarin ‘Clemenules’ (C. clementina). Under controlled growth conditions, the resistance of ‘Okitsu’ to X. citri was associated with the age of the leaf and was evident in spray-inoculated plants but not in those inoculated by infiltration. Furthermore, X. citri showed reduced attachment and biofilm formation in ‘Okitsu’ leaves compared with ‘Clemenules’. Taken together, our data suggest that structural features of the ‘Okitsu’ leaf surface, such as the physical properties of the cuticle, are involved in the resistance to X. citri.

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