The Influence of Pratylenchus penetrans and Temperature on Black Root Rot of Strawberry by Binucleate Rhizoctonia spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia

scholarly journals 203 ETIOLOGY OF STRAWBERRY BLACK ROOT ROT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 458c-458
Author(s):  
Katherine Wine ◽  
Marvin Pritts
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Health

Black root rot is a devastating, poorly understood disease complex affecting strawberries throughout the world, especially in perennial plantings. Field measurements at 54 sites in New York were made for 113 cultural and environmental variables, and root health was quantified. Root health was negatively associated with wet, compacted soils where plants were grown for several years on flat beds with terbacil herbicide. Pratylenchus penetrans numbers were associated with rotting rots, but not in all sites. Rhizoctonia fragariae and Pythium spp. were usually isolated where black root rot was present, but not always. When strawberry plants were grown in infested soil at warm temperatures (23C), R. fragariae was most commonly isolated, and when grown in the same soil at cool temperatures (5C), Pythium was found. Inoculation of sterile soil with Pythium and/or Rhizoctonia reduced root dry weights, but symptoms were not identical to those observed in the field. Various combinations of pathogenic fungi, nematodes, soil compaction, flooding, low light and terbacil failed to recreate field symptoms in the laboratory. Tolerance rankings of 20 cultivars were different at four field sites. These observations suggest that black root rot can have many causes, and that susceptibility may be stress induced under field conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and characterization of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. associated with black root rot of strawberry in Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Vojvodic ◽  
Brankica Tanovic ◽  
Milica Mihajlovic ◽  
Petar Mitrovic ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Binucleate Rhizoctonia ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Agricultural Business

Strawberry production is a popular, fast-growing agricultural business in Serbia. Its cultivar selection has been changing fast, following market demands. One of the limiting factors of strawberry production worldwide is black root rot, primarily caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia. Recently, outbreaks of black root rot of strawberry have occurred in Serbia and the estimated disease incidence was up to 30%. Isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A were recovered from symptomatic strawberry plants, and characterized on the bases of morphological, molecular and pathogenic features. Despite their uniform morphological characteristics, the isolates demonstrated genetic variability within ITS rDNA, grouping into three different phylogenetic sub-clusters which comprise AG-A isolates originating from Italy, Israel, Japan and the USA. The binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A from Serbia exhibited uniform virulence on strawberry after inoculation of daughter plants and detached leaf petioles, as well as on seedlings of bean, carrot and sunflower, while they were non-pathogenic to wheat, maize, tomato, pepper, tobacco, cucumber, lettuce, peas, cabbage, rapeseed and sugar beet.

scholarly journals Breeding for Increased Tolerance to Black Root Rot in Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698-1702
Author(s):  
Chrislyn Ann Particka ◽  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars ◽  
Mating Scheme

Black root rot (BRR) is a widespread disease of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) that causes the death of feeder roots and the degradation of structural roots resulting in an overall decrease in productivity. Black root rot is primarily caused by Rhizoctonia fragariae Husain and W.E. McKeen, Pythium Pringsh., and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven. A previous study identified varying levels of tolerance to BRR in strawberry cultivars with some having high levels of tolerance. In this study, progeny populations were created to determine the amount of genetic variability for BRR tolerance. Genotypes with high, intermediate, and low tolerance to BRR were crossed in a diallel mating scheme, progeny were planted in Vapam (metam sodium)-fumigated and nonfumigated soil, and were analyzed for yield parameters. The results showed significant differences for both treatment and family, but not for the interaction between treatment and family. Pathogen analysis indicated presence of fungal pathogens and nematodes in both fumigated and nonfumigated soil.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strawberry Genotypes for Tolerance to Black Root Rot

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 889D-889
Author(s):  
Chrislyn A. Drake* ◽  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Root Health

Black root rot is a serious disease of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) that causes the death of feeder roots, the degradation and blackening of structural roots, and an overall decrease in plant vigor and productivity. The causal organisms of black root rot are Rhizoctonia fragariae, Pythium sp. and Pratylenchus penetrans (the root lesion nematode). Each organism alone can cause extensive damage to strawberry roots, but studies have shown that black root rot may be more severe when all organisms are present, indicating there is an interaction between the fungal organisms and the nematode. The current method of control for black root rot is methyl-bromide fumigation; however, methyl bromide is to be phased out by 2005, and it is not very effective in perennial matted-row systems. The objectives of the study are to measure levels of tolerance to black root rot in 21 strawberry genotypes. The genotypes were planted in four blocks each of methyl-bromide fumigated and non-fumigated soil, and were evaluated for crown, runner, and inflorescence number; yield; average berry weight; and root health. `Cavendish', `Kent', `Midway' and `Winona' showed the highest degree of tolerance, while `Jewel', `Mesabi', and LH50-4 (a F. virginiana genotype) were the poorest performers.

scholarly journals Strawberry Black Root Rot and Berry Yield Are Not Affected by Terbacil Herbicide

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1339-1342
Author(s):  
Todd L. Mervosh ◽  
James A. LaMondia
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Field Plots

The effects of terbacil herbicide on strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch. `Honeoye') yield and black root rot disease were determined in field plots at two locations in Connecticut over 4 years. Terbacil treatments at up to four times the maximum label dosage caused some temporary foliar chlorosis but did not affect the health of structural or perennial roots and associated feeder roots. Development of secondary root growth (perennial roots) was not influenced by terbacil. Terbacil had no effect on the quantity of lesion nematodes [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip & Schur. Stek.] extracted or the amount of the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia fragariae Husain and McKeen isolated from strawberry roots. At both locations, R. fragariae was common on plant roots by the fourth year. Terbacil treatments did not affect strawberry yields in terms of number or weight of ripe berries per plot. Our results indicate that terbacil does not contribute to black root rot or decreased yields in `Honeoye' strawberry. Chemical name used: 5-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methyl-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione (terbacil).

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Strawberry Genotypes for Tolerance to Black Root Rot on Fumigated and Nonfumigated Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrislyn A. Particka ◽  
James F. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Black Root Rot ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Four Blocks

Black root rot (BRR) is a widespread disease of strawberry (Fragari×ananassa Duchnesne) that causes the death of feeder roots and the degradation of structural roots. The major causal organisms of BRR include Rhizoctonia fragariae Husain and W.E. McKeen, Pythium Pringsh., and Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven. The current method of control for black root rot is methyl-bromide fumigation; however, methyl bromide is scheduled to be phased out in 2005, and its effects are short-lived in matted-row systems. The objectives of the study were to measure levels of tolerance to BRR in 20 strawberry genotypes and to determine which pathogens were present in the soil. The genotypes were planted in four blocks each of methyl-bromide fumigated and nonfumigated soil, and were evaluated for crown number, number of flowers per crown, yield, and average berry weight over 2 years. The results showed that all three pathogens were present in the field, and that there was a significant genotype × fumigation interaction for yield and crown number in both years. The cultivars Bounty, Cabot, and Cavendish, all released from the breeding program in Nova Scotia, displayed tolerance to the pathogens that cause BRR.

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