New Head-Scab of Tall Fescue in United States Caused byFusarium heterosporum

Plant Disease ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Foudin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Head Scab

scholarly journals Body weight gain and voluntary feed intake in meat goat does fed endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue seed

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 427-429
Author(s):  
R. Browning ◽  
J.R. Author ◽  
B. Donnelly ◽  
T. Payton ◽  
P. Pandya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Endophyte Infection ◽  
States Data ◽  
Meat Goat

Tall fescue is the primary pasture forage offered to goats in the southeastern United States. Data on how tall fescue endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) affects meat goat performance are lacking. In three summers, yearling does were fed diets containing tall fescue seed to assess the effect of endophyte infection on goat growth and feed intake. In 2004 and 2005, does were fed endophyte-infected (EI) or endophyte-free (EF) tall fescue seeds added to the diets for 10 wk. Feed refusals were weighed daily. The EI diet reduced (P

Tall Fescue as Turf in the United States

2015 ◽  
pp. 443-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Samples ◽  
John C. Sorochan ◽  
Leah A. Brilman ◽  
John C. Stier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Evaluation of a commercial genetic test for fescue toxicosis in pregnant Angus beef cattle1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine M Galliou ◽  
Piush Khanal ◽  
Kyle Mayberry ◽  
Matt H Poore ◽  
Daniel H Poole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Phenotypic Trait

Abstract Most tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] in the Southeastern United States contains an endophyte that causes fescue toxicosis (FT) in grazing animals, a serious disease that causes approximately $1 billion in economic losses to the animal industries in the United States. Recently, a genetic test called T-Snip (AgBotanica, LCC, Columbia, MO), was developed with the objective of identifying animals with genetic variation for FT tolerance. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this genetic test in mature, pregnant cows. Over 13 wk, weekly phenotypic data, including body weight, rectal temperatures, hair coat scores, hair shedding scores, and body condition scores, were collected on 148 pregnant purebred Angus cows at 2 locations in NC where infected fescue was the primary source of feed. Birth weights (cBW) and 205-d adjusted weaning weights (adjWW) from these cow’s calves were recorded. All cows were genotyped for T-Snip. At the end of the trial, each phenotypic trait was calculated as the slope of the linear regression of performance on weeks. The effect of T-Snip rating genotypes (4 levels) on slope traits was tested using a linear model also including the fixed-effects of location, parity, and the initial measurement for each trait (covariate). For cBW and adjWW, the model also included the sex of the calf and the month of birth as categorical effects. Associations of T-Snip genotypes were observed for body weight gain (aBWd) of pregnant cows (P = 0.15; interaction with location), change in body condition score (aBCSd; P = 0.13), and adjWW (P = 0.06; interaction with location). For aBWd and adjWW, associations were found just within one location (P = 0.017 and 0.047, respectively), which was the location with higher endophyte infection rate. For all associations, the direction of the T-Snip genotypes was the same and as expected: the greater the genotype score, the better performance. No associations were found for the other traits (P > 0.10). These results indicate that the T-Snip test may be predictive of cow performance (aBWd, aBCSd, and adjWW) in an endophyte-infected tall fescue environment.

scholarly journals 34 Developing criteria for forage finished beef in the Southeastern U.S

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
Mohan Acharya ◽  
Joan M Burke ◽  
Erin Wood ◽  
Janeal Yancey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Breed Type

Abstract Demand for forage finished meats continues to increase and creates a market for small farmers in the southeastern United States. Little is known about production efficiency and quality. The objective was to examine breed type and dam age on growth and finishing traits of forage finished steers. Calves were born in February and March in 2014 (n = 47), 2015 (n = 59) and 2016 (n = 42), castrated at birth and weaned in October. Breeds were Angus with Brahman or Romosinuano influence (1/4 to 1/8). Dams were 2 to 13 yr of age at calving. After weaning, steers grazed tall fescue (fall, winter, spring), wheat/rye (spring), or bermudagrass (summer). BW and ultrasound measures were determined every 30–60 d to finishing target of 8.4 mm back fat. Data were analyzed using homogeneity of regression (BW or REA over day of age) or Proc mixed and included age of dam, breed type, and yr in the model, and age as a covariate. After weaning, BW and REA of steers from younger dams were lighter or smaller and nearly caught up with steers from 3- and 4-yr old dams within 12 mo (dam age x day of age, P < 0.001). ADG (weaning to 12 m later) during 2014, 2015, and 2016 were 0.571, 0.602, and 0.860 kg/d, respectively, and were 0.941, 1.192, and 0.860 kg/d, respectively, during spring months. There was no effect of breed or dam age on ADG in 2014 and 2015, and subtle effects of Romosinuano breed type in 2016. Breed affected number of days to reach target finishing only in 2015 (P = 0.005), but not in 2014 and 2016. In 2015 Brahman-influenced steers reached target earlier than others. Shear force of steaks was not influenced by breed or dam (2014, 4.86 ± 0.4 kg; 2015, 5.46 ± 1.2 kg). Cattle genetics appropriate for grass finishing should be considered and calves from 2-yr old dams may be less suitable for grass finishing systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of ergovaline determinations between laboratories in the United States and Japan

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Morrie Craig ◽  
G. Rottinghaus ◽  
K. Walker ◽  
E. Ishikuro
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Keywords Quality Assurance

Quality assurance and quality control is the foundation of any diagnostic test. The two laboratories in the United States that use HPLC to quantitate endophyte toxins in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are Oregon State University (OSU) and University of Missouri (MU). Japan, the major importer of grass straw has six new laboratories that will test agricultural imports for endophyte toxins. A quality assurance program was set up between the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and the State of Oregon. The latter includes both OSU and the MU. All units are using an accurate crystalline standard and have exchanged "check" samples among themselves. To date OSU and MU have values that differ by 10%. OSU has identified a contaminating and coeluting peak as the cause of the differences. Both laboratories are changing to a Gemini column to rectify the differences. Japanese laboratories are in the process of evaluating their split check samples. Keywords: quality assurance, quality control, endophyte, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass

Runoff under natural rainfall from small tall fescue catchments in the Georgia Piedmont, United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
D. M. Endale ◽  
A. J. Franzluebbers ◽  
J. A. Stuedemann ◽  
D. S. Seman ◽  
D. H. Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Georgia Piedmont

Combined analysis of tall fescue steer grazing studies in the Eastern United States

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Thompson ◽  
H. A. Fribourg ◽  
J. C. Waller ◽  
W. L. Sanders ◽  
J. H. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Combined Analysis

scholarly journals Response of Beef Cattle Fecal Microbiota to Grazing on Toxic Tall Fescue

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Mote ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill ◽  
Joseph H. Skarlupka ◽  
Zachary B. Turner ◽  
Zachary P. Sanders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Production Losses

ABSTRACT Tall fescue, the predominant southeastern United States cool-season forage grass, frequently becomes infected with an ergot alkaloid-producing toxic endophyte, Epichloë coenophialum. Consumption of endophyte-infected fescue results in fescue toxicosis (FT), a condition that lowers beef cow productivity. Limited data on the influence of ergot alkaloids on rumen fermentation profiles or ruminal bacteria that could degrade the ergot alkaloids are available, but how FT influences the grazing bovine fecal microbiota or what role fecal microbiota might play in FT etiology and associated production losses has yet to be investigated. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples from weaned Angus steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected (E+; n = 6) or nontoxic (Max-Q; n = 6) tall fescue before and 1, 2, 14, and 28 days after pasture assignment. Bacteria in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla comprised 90% of the Max-Q and E+ steer fecal microbiota throughout the trial. Early decreases in the Erysipelotrichaceae family and delayed increases of the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were among the major effects of E+ grazing. E+ also increased abundances within the Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phyla and the Clostridiaceae family. Multiple operational taxonomic units classified as Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were correlated negatively with weight gains (lower in E+) and positively with respiration rates (increased by E+). These data provide insights into how E+ grazing alters the Angus steer microbiota and the relationship of fecal microbiota dynamics with FT. IMPORTANCE Consumption of E+ tall fescue has an estimated annual $1 billion negative impact on the U.S. beef industry, with one driver of these costs being lowered weight gains. As global agricultural demand continues to grow, mitigating production losses resulting from grazing the predominant southeastern United States forage grass is of great value. Our investigation of the effects of E+ grazing on the fecal microbiota furthers our understanding of bovine fescue toxicosis in a real-world grazing production setting and provides a starting point for identifying easy-to-access fecal bacteria that could serve as potential biomarkers of animal productivity and/or FT severity for tall fescue-grazing livestock.

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