Occurrence and Pathogenicity ofVerticicladiella procerain Christmas Tree Plantations in Virginia

Plant Disease ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree

Bionomics of the pine needle scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in southern Québec, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frdéric Guay ◽  
Amy Bernier-Desmarais ◽  
Jean-François Doherty ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has the status of an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. The scale is not known to cause any significant damage yet and is not generally monitored by growers. However, it can be an obstacle for exportation to Christmas tree markets where scale insects are strictly regulated. In this study, we describe its life cycle in Christmas tree plantations in southern Québec. We confirm the presence of both parthenogenetic and sexual forms of the scale on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret (Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees, and of parasitoid and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) specialists that could contribute to its control.

scholarly journals Recent results of Czech-American fir hybridization research

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
J. Kobliha ◽  
J. Stejskal ◽  
P. Škorpík ◽  
J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Individual

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica × Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 × NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 × NC26 with 18% of viable seeds.

Incidence of Monochamus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species in Nova Scotia, Canada Christmas tree plantations and comparison of panel traps and lures from North America and Europe

2016 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Blatt ◽  
C. Bishop ◽  
J. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Pinewood Nematode ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Trap Catches

AbstractChristmas trees from Nova Scotia, Canada are banned from import into the European Union (EU) because they may be infected with the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae). Monochamus Dejean (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) species known to vector pinewood nematode are present in Nova Scotia but their abundance in Christmas tree plantations and surrounding stands has not been assessed. We conducted trapping surveys and experiments in 2014 and 2015 to determine the species of Monochamus and their relative abundance in Nova Scotia Christmas tree plantations and the surrounding forests. We also compared commercially available traps and lures from Europe (cross-vane traps, Galloprotect lure=monochamol+ipsenol+α-pinene+2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol) and North America (intercept panel traps, North American lure=monochamol+ipsenol+α-pinene+ethanol) for their efficacy at catching Monochamus species in a 2×2 factorial experiment. We captured three Monochamus species (M. scutellatus (Say), M. notatus (Drury), and M. marmorator Kirby) in Nova Scotia Christmas tree plantations. Mean trap catches were greater within the plantations than in the surrounding forests. North American panel traps coated with Fluon® and baited with the European lure caught the most M. notatus and M. scutellatus and would be most suitable for survey and monitoring.

Insects associated with the transmission of Verticicladiellaprocera

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1330-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy J. Lewis ◽  
S. A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Controlled Conditions

Insects in the families Scolytidae and Curculionidae were studied as potential vectors of the fungus Verticicladiellaprocera Kendrick. Weevils (Hylobiuspales Herbst and Pissodes sp.) and bark beetles (Pityogenes sp., Orthotomicus sp., Xyleborus sp., and Hylastes sp.) contaminated with V. procera were trapped in seven and three Pinusstrobus L. Christmas tree plantations, respectively, including plantations where V. procera had not been found. Percent of trapped weevils and bark beetles carrying V. procera was 64.2 and 0.76, respectively. Bolts (92%) became colonized by V. procera following visitation in the field by contaminated insects. Under controlled conditions, transmission of the fungus from contaminated weevils placed in cages to previously uncolonized bolts occurred three of seven times. Bark beetles transmited V. procera to eastern white pine bolts less frequently than weevils. Transmission of the fungus to seedlings did not occur. These studies suggest that insect vectors are important for spread of V. procera, and that weevils are probably the primary vectors.

scholarly journals Neonectria Canker Found on Spruce and Fir in Swedish Christmas Tree Plantations

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pettersson ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Jonas Rönnberg ◽  
Venche Talgø
Keyword(s):  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Tree Disease

In May 2015, a Christmas tree disease and pest survey was carried out in southern Sweden. Neonectria canker found on spruce and fir was the most prominent disease problem. Accepted for publication 1 September 2016.

scholarly journals Temperature-manipulated dynamics and phenology ofMindarus abietinus(Hemiptera: Aphididae) in commercial Christmas tree plantations in Québec, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Doherty ◽  
Jean-Frédéric Guay ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Potential Damage

AbstractThe balsam twig aphidMindarus abietinusKoch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a major pest of economic importance for the Christmas tree industry. Global warming during the 21st century could potentially increase local population densities and reinforce the pest status of this aphid in commercial fir (AbiesMiller; Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. During this study, we tested the effects of a warmer environment on colony growth rates ofM. abietinusand aphid morph composition during the second generation of its cycle, which is key to colony size growth and potential damage to Christmas trees. We monitoredM. abietinuspopulations on two host fir species and one host fir variety, in order to understand the early season dynamics of this aphid and its host tree. It was possible to distinguish the two overlapping generations of winged aphids leaving colonies, which led to observing a much higher proportion of wingless daughters, produced by the stem mother, than what had previously been reported. Colony growth rates were significantly higher in a warmer environment than in the nearby plantation, suggesting that warmer temperatures in late spring and early summer may provide the suitable conditions required forM. abietinuscolonies of greater density.

Root- and stem-colonizing insects recovered from eastern white pines with procerum root disease

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Nevill ◽  
S.A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Weevil Species ◽  
Emergent Adults ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Lower Stem

In 1988, eastern white pines (Pinusstrobus L.) from four southwestern Virginia Christmas tree plantations symptomatic of infection by Leptographiumprocerum (Kendr.) Wingf. were assigned to one of four symptom categories based on crown color and resin exudation at the root collar. A fifth category was added in 1989 and 1990. From each plantation, the root system and the lower stem of one tree in each symptom class was excavated monthly and examined for fungi and insects from June to September in 1988 and 1989 and from April to September in 1990. Larvae of two weevil species, Hylobiuspales (Herbst) and Pissodesnemorensis Germ., were recovered with L. procerum from 23, 17, and 21% of the trees in all symptom classes in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Pre-emergent adults of both weevil species contaminated with L. procerum were also recovered from excavated stems. Bark beetle genera (family Scolytidae), including Pityogenes, Xyleborus, Orthotomicus, Ips, and Pityophthorus, were recovered with L. procerum from 10, 11, and 8% of diseased trees with advanced symptoms in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. The association of these insects, especially H. pales and P. nemorensis, with L. procerum throughout the decline of the host adds further evidence that they may act as vectors of the fungus.

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