scholarly journals Expression of Genes Encoding Late Nodulins Characterized by a Putative Signal Peptide and Conserved Cysteine Residues Is Reduced in Ineffective Pea Nodules

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kato ◽  
Kazuya Kawashima ◽  
Masami Miwa ◽  
Yoshifumi Mimura ◽  
Masanori Tamaoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Putative Signal Peptide ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Nodulin Genes

Five nodulin genes, PsN1, PsN6, PsN314, PsN335, and PsN466, with reduced expression in ineffective nodules on the pea (Pisum sativum) mutant E135 (sym13) were characterized. They encode small polypeptides containing a putative signal peptide and conserved cysteine residues and show homology to the nodulins PsENOD3/14 and PsNOD6. For each gene, multiple bands were detected by genomic Southern analysis. Northern analysis showed that all five genes were expressed exclusively in nodules and that their temporal expression patterns were similar to that of the leghemoglobin (Lb) gene during nodule development. Their transcripts were localized predominantly from the interzone II–III to the distal part of nitrogen-fixing zone III in effective nodules, resembling the Lb gene. However, transcripts in ineffective E135 nodules were localized in narrower regions than those in the effective nodules. These results indicate that these nodulins are abundant in pea nodules and that their successive expression during nodule development is associated with nitrogen-fixing activity.

scholarly journals Neuron-specific spinal cord translatomes reveal a neuropeptide code for mouse dorsal horn excitatory neurons

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rani Das Gupta ◽  
Louis Scheurer ◽  
Pawel Pelczar ◽  
Hendrik Wildner ◽  
Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurons ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Excitatory Neurons ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractThe spinal dorsal horn harbors a sophisticated and heterogeneous network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that process peripheral signals encoding different sensory modalities. Although it has long been recognized that this network is crucial both for the separation and the integration of sensory signals of different modalities, a systematic unbiased approach to the use of specific neuromodulatory systems is still missing. Here, we have used the translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technique to map the translatomes of excitatory glutamatergic (vGluT2+) and inhibitory GABA and/or glycinergic (vGAT+ or Gad67+) neurons of the mouse spinal cord. Our analyses demonstrate that inhibitory and excitatory neurons are not only set apart, as expected, by the expression of genes related to the production, release or re-uptake of their principal neurotransmitters and by genes encoding for transcription factors, but also by a differential engagement of neuromodulator, especially neuropeptide, signaling pathways. Subsequent multiplex in situ hybridization revealed eleven neuropeptide genes that are strongly enriched in excitatory dorsal horn neurons and display largely non-overlapping expression patterns closely adhering to the laminar and presumably also functional organization of the spinal cord grey matter.

Expression of a Tranosema rostrale polydnavirus gene in the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1871-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Béliveau ◽  
Marlène Laforge ◽  
Michel Cusson ◽  
Guy Bellemare
Keyword(s):  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Hormone Esterase ◽  
Signal Peptide Region ◽  
Putative Signal Peptide ◽  
Cysteine Rich Protein ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Peptide Region

The endoparasitic wasp Tranosema rostrale (Ichneumonidae) transmits a polydnavirus (PDV) to its host, Choristoneura fumiferana, during oviposition. Unlike most other PDVs examined, the virus of T. rostrale (TrPDV) does not appear to play an important role in suppressing the host cellular immune response. However, it inhibits host metamorphosis. In the present study, TrPDV gene expression was examined in parasitized and virus-injected last-instar caterpillars. Northern analysis with viral DNA as a probe revealed only one detectable mRNA, of about 650 bp. The corresponding cDNA, termed TrV1, was cloned and sequenced and found to encode a protein of 103 amino acids which, following cleavage of the putative signal peptide, has a predicted molecular mass of 9·3 kDa. This protein displays limited similarity to the VHv1.4 cysteine-rich protein from the PDV of Campoletis sonorensis, mostly within the signal peptide region. By using a TrV1-specific probe, the TrV1 gene was localized to segment G of the TrPDV genome. The cuticle and fat body were identified as the principal sites of TrV1 transcription, with little transcription observed in haemocytes and midgut. Western analysis of proteins extracted from selected tissues of parasitized insects suggested that the TrV1 protein is secreted in the haemolymph. As observed for other PDVs, injection of TrPDV did not suppress transcription of the gene that encodes juvenile hormone esterase, the activity of which is inhibited by the virus. We speculate that the TrV1 protein may play a role in the inhibition of C. fumiferana metamorphosis.

scholarly journals Age- and sex-related ABC transporter expression in pyrethroid-susceptible and –resistant Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Rault ◽  
Ellis J. Johnson ◽  
Scott T. O’Neal ◽  
Rui Chen ◽  
Sarah E. McComic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractResistance mechanisms to synthetic insecticides often include point mutations and increased expression of genes encoding detoxification enzymes. Since pyrethroids are the main adulticides used against Aedes aegypti, which vectors pathogens such as Zika virus, understanding resistance to this insecticide class is of significant relevance. We focused on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in the pyrethroid-resistant Puerto Rico (PR) strain of Ae. aegypti. We investigated the expression patterns of six ABC transporters previously characterized as differentially expressed in insecticide-challenged mosquitoes, or increased mRNA expression in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti, by comparing PR to the Rockefeller (Rock) susceptible strain. No constitutive differential expression between strains was detected, but expression differences for these genes was influenced by sex and age, suggesting that their role is independent from resistance in PR. Instead, ABC transporters may be induced after insecticide exposure. Challenging mosquitoes with deltamethrin, with or without ABC transporter modulators, showed that Rock and PR responded differently, but a contribution of ABC transporters to deltamethrin toxicity is suspected. Moreover, the effect of dexamethasone, which enhanced the inhibition of nerve firing by deltamethrin, was observed using a Drosophila central nervous system preparation, showing synergy of these two compounds through the potential inhibition of ABC transporters.

scholarly journals Global Transcriptional Response of Bacillus subtilis to Treatment with Subinhibitory Concentrations of Antibiotics That Inhibit Protein Synthesis

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1915-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine T. Lin ◽  
Mariah Bindel Connelly ◽  
Chris Amolo ◽  
Suzie Otani ◽  
Debbie S. Yaver
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations

ABSTRACT Global gene expression patterns of Bacillus subtilis in response to subinhibitory concentrations of protein synthesis inhibitors (chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and gentamicin) were studied by DNA microarray analysis. B. subtilis cultures were treated with subinhibitory concentrations of protein synthesis inhibitors for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min, and transcriptional patterns were measured throughout the time course. Three major classes of genes were affected by the protein synthesis inhibitors: genes encoding transport/binding proteins, genes involved in protein synthesis, and genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates and related molecules. Similar expression patterns for a few classes of genes were observed due to treatment with chloramphenicol (0.4× MIC) or erythromycin (0.5× MIC), whereas expression patterns of gentamicin-treated cells were distinct. Expression of genes involved in metabolism of amino acids was altered by treatment with chloramphenicol and erythromycin but not by treatment with gentamicin. Heat shock genes were induced by gentamicin but repressed by chloramphenicol. Other genes induced by the protein synthesis inhibitors included the yheIH operon encoding ABC transporter-like proteins, with similarity to multidrug efflux proteins, and the ysbAB operon encoding homologs of LrgAB that function to inhibit cell wall cleavage (murein hydrolase activity) and convey penicillin tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Neuron Type-Specific Translatomes in Spinal Cords of Naïve and Neuropathic Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Das Gupta ◽  
L. Scheurer ◽  
P. Pelczar ◽  
W.T. Ralvenius ◽  
H. Wildner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Damage ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sensory Encoding

AbstractThe spinal dorsal horn harbors a sophisticated and heterogeneous network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that process peripheral signals encoding different sensory modalities. Although it has long been recognized that this network is crucial both for the separation and the integration of sensory signals of different modalities, the molecular identity of the underlying neurons and signaling mechanisms are still only partially understood. Here, we have used the translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technique to map the translatomes of excitatory glutamatergic (VGLUT2+) and inhibitory GABA and/or glycinergic (VGAT+ or Gad67+) neurons of the mouse spinal cord. Our analyses demonstrate that inhibitory and excitatory neurons are primarily set apart by the expression of genes encoding transcription factors or genes related to the production, release or re-uptake of their principal neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA or glycine). Subsequent gene ontology (GO) term analyses revealed that neuropeptide signaling-related GO terms were highly enriched in the excitatory population. Eleven neuropeptide genes displayed largely non-overlapping expression patterns closely adhering to the laminar and hence also functional organization of the spinal cord grey matter, suggesting that they may serve as major determinants of modality-specific processing. Since this modality-specific processing of sensory input is severely compromised in chronic, especially neuropathic, pain, we also investigated whether peripheral nerve damage changes the neuron typespecific translatome. In summary, our results suggest that neuropeptides contribute to modalityspecific sensory processing in the spinal cord but also indicate that altered sensory encoding in neuropathic pain states occurs independent of major translatome changes in the spinal neurons.

scholarly journals Differences in Gene Expression between the Classical and El Tor Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3633-3642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinem Beyhan ◽  
Anna D. Tischler ◽  
Andrew Camilli ◽  
Fitnat H. Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Deletion Mutant ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Differences in whole-genome expression patterns between the classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1 were determined under conditions that induce virulence gene expression in the classical biotype. A total of 524 genes (13.5% of the genome) were found to be differentially expressed in the two biotypes. The expression of genes encoding proteins required for biofilm formation, chemotaxis, and transport of amino acids, peptides, and iron was higher in the El Tor biotype. These gene expression differences may contribute to the enhanced survival capacity of the El Tor biotype in environmental reservoirs. The expression of genes encoding virulence factors was higher in the classical than in the El Tor biotype. In addition, the vieSAB genes, which were originally identified as regulators of ctxA transcription, were expressed at a fivefold higher level in the classical biotype. We determined the VieA regulon in both biotypes by transcriptome comparison of wild-type and vieA deletion mutant strains. VieA predominantly regulates gene expression in the classical biotype; 401 genes (10.3% of the genome), including those encoding proteins required for virulence, exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and flagellum production as well as those regulated by σE, are differentially expressed in the classical vieA deletion mutant. In contrast, only five genes were regulated by VieA in the El Tor biotype. A large fraction (20.8%) of the genes that are differentially expressed in the classical versus the El Tor biotype are controlled by VieA in the classical biotype. Thus, VieA is a major regulator of genes in the classical biotype under virulence gene-inducing conditions.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Modulation of Genes Encoding Structural Characteristics of Differentiating Enterocytes During Development of a Polarized Epithelium In Vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4261-4278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Halbleib ◽  
Annika M. Sääf ◽  
Patrick O. Brown ◽  
W. James Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Cell Cell

Although there is considerable evidence implicating posttranslational mechanisms in the development of epithelial cell polarity, little is known about the patterns of gene expression and transcriptional regulation during this process. We characterized the temporal program of gene expression during cell–cell adhesion–initiated polarization of human Caco-2 cells in tissue culture, which develop structural and functional polarity similar to that of enterocytes in vivo. A distinctive switch in gene expression patterns occurred upon formation of cell–cell contacts between neighboring cells. Expression of genes involved in cell proliferation was down-regulated concomitant with induction of genes necessary for functional specialization of polarized epithelial cells. Transcriptional up-regulation of these latter genes correlated with formation of important structural and functional features in enterocyte differentiation and establishment of structural and functional cell polarity; components of the apical microvilli were induced as the brush border formed during polarization; as barrier function was established, expression of tight junction transmembrane proteins peaked; transcripts encoding components of the apical, but not the basal-lateral trafficking machinery were increased during polarization. Coordinated expression of genes encoding components of functional cell structures were often observed indicating temporal control of expression and assembly of multiprotein complexes.

Effect of pregnancy and progesterone concentration on expression of genes encoding for transporters or secreted proteins in the bovine endometrium

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Forde ◽  
T. E. Spencer ◽  
F. W. Bazer ◽  
G. Song ◽  
J. F. Roche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Temporal Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Temporal Expression Pattern

The objective of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial expression patterns of genes encoding transporters, as well as selected secreted proteins that may be regulated by progesterone (P4) and/or the presence of the conceptus in the bovine endometrium. Estrus-synchronized beef heifers were randomly assigned to either: 1) pregnant, high P4; 2) pregnant, normal P4; 3) cyclic, high P4; or 4) cyclic, normal P4. Uteri were collected on days 5, 7, 13, and 16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Localization of mRNAs for ANPEP, CTGF, LPL, LTF, and SLC5A1 in the uteri was determined by radioactive in situ hybridization, and expression quantified in the endometria by quantitative real-time PCR. ANPEP localized to luminal (LE) and superficial glandular (sGE) epithelia of all heifers on days 5 and 7 only. SLC5A1 mRNA was detected in the LE and sGE on days 13 and 16 in all heifers, and expression increased on day 16 in pregnant groups. CTGF localized weakly to the LE and GE on days 5 and 7 but increased on days 13 and 16 with an increase ( P < 0.05) in CTGF expression in high P4 ( day 7) and pregnant heifers ( day 16). Both LPL and LTF localized to the GE only on days 5 and 7. In conclusion we have characterized the temporal expression pattern of these genes and modulation of their transcript abundance by P4 ( CTGF, LPL) and/or the conceptus ( CTGF, SLC5A1) likely modifies the uterine microenvironment, enhancing histotroph composition and contributing to advanced conceptus elongation.

scholarly journals Complexity of miRNA-dependent regulation in root symbiosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1595) ◽  
pp. 1570-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Bazin ◽  
Pilar Bustos-Sanmamed ◽  
Caroline Hartmann ◽  
Christine Lelandais-Brière ◽  
Martin Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Cellular Reprogramming ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Root Symbiosis

The development of root systems may be strongly affected by the symbiotic interactions that plants establish with soil organisms. Legumes are able to develop symbiotic relationships with both rhizobial bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules and mycorrhizal arbuscules, respectively. Both of these symbiotic interactions involve complex cellular reprogramming and profound morphological and physiological changes in specific root cells. In addition, the repression of pathogenic defence responses seems to be required for successful symbiotic interactions. Apart from typical regulatory genes, such as transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as riboregulators that control gene networks in eukaryotic cells through interactions with specific target mRNAs. In recent years, the availability of deep-sequencing technologies and the development of in silico approaches have allowed for the identification of large sets of miRNAs and their targets in legumes . A number of conserved and legume-specific miRNAs were found to be associated with symbiotic interactions as shown by their expression patterns or actions on symbiosis-related targets. In this review, we combine data from recent literature and genomic and deep-sequencing data on miRNAs controlling nodule development or restricting defence reactions to address the diversity and specificity of miRNA-dependent regulation in legume root symbiosis. Phylogenetic analysis of miRNA isoforms and their potential targets suggests a role for miRNAs in the repression of plant defence during symbiosis and revealed the evolution of miRNA-dependent regulation in legumes to allow for the modification of root cell specification, such as the formation of mycorrhized roots and nitrogen-fixing nodules.

scholarly journals Defining a relationship between dietary fatty acids and the cytochrome P450 system in a mouse model of fatty liver disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gonzalez ◽  
Whitney Sealls ◽  
Elliot D. Jesch ◽  
M. Julia Brosnan ◽  
Istvan Ladunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Liver-specific ablation of cytochrome P450 reductase in mice (LCN) results in hepatic steatosis that can progress to steatohepatitis characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. The specific cause of the fatty liver phenotype is poorly understood but is hypothesized to result from elevated expression of genes encoding fatty acid synthetic genes. Since expression of these genes is known to be suppressed by polyunsaturated fatty acids, we performed physiological and genomics studies to evaluate the effects of dietary linoleic and linolenic fatty acids (PUFA) or arachidonic and decosahexaenoic acids (HUFA) on the hepatic phenotypes of control and LCN mice by comparison with a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids. The dietary interventions with HUFA reduced the fatty liver phenotype in livers of LCN mice and altered the gene expression patterns in these livers to more closely resemble those of control mice. Importantly, the expression of genes encoding lipid pathway enzymes were not different between controls and LCN livers, indicating a strong influence of diet over POR genotype. These analyses highlighted the impact of POR ablation on expression of genes encoding P450 enzymes and proteins involved in stress and inflammation. We also found that livers from animals of both genotypes fed diets enriched in PUFA had gene expression patterns more closely resembling those fed diets enriched in saturated fatty acids. These results strongly suggest only HUFA supplied from an exogenous source can suppress hepatic lipogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document