Regulation of Cucumber Class III Chitinase Gene Expression

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay A. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Chitinase

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Eight Chitinase Genes in Medicago truncatula Roots During Mycorrhiza Formation, Nodulation, and Pathogen Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 763-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Salzer ◽  
Athos Bonanomi ◽  
Katinka Beyer ◽  
Regina Vögeli-Lange ◽  
Roger A. Aeschbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Class I ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Class Iii Chitinase ◽  
Chitinase Genes

Expression of eight different chitinase genes, representing members of five chitinase classes, was studied in Medicago truncatula roots during formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza with Glomus intraradices, nodulation with Rhizobium meliloti, and pathogen attack by Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. medicaginis, Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (compatible interactions with root rot symptoms), Ascochyta pisi (compatible, symptomless), and F. solani f. sp. pisi (incompatible, nonhost interaction). In the compatible plant-pathogen interactions, expression of class I, II, and IV chitinase genes was enhanced. The same genes were induced during nodulation. Transcripts of class I and II chitinase genes accumulated transiently during early stages of the interaction, and transcripts of the class IV chitinase gene accumulated in mature nodules. The pattern of chitinase gene expression in mycorrhizal roots was markedly different: Expression of class I, II, and IV chitinase genes was not enhanced, whereas expression of three class III chitinase genes, with almost no basal expression, was strongly induced. Two of these three (Mtchitinase III-2 and Mtchitinase III-3) were not induced at all in interactions with pathogens and rhizobia. Thus, the expression of two mycorrhiza-specific class III chitinase genes can be considered a hallmark for the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula.

Transgenic cucumber expressing an endogenous class III chitinase gene has reduced symptoms from Botrytis cinerea

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 314-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyutaro Kishimoto ◽  
Yoko Nishizawa ◽  
Yutaka Tabei ◽  
Masami Nakajima ◽  
Tadaaki Hibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Chitinase

The Lupinus albus class-III chitinase gene, IF3 , is constitutively expressed in vegetative organs and developing seeds

Planta ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 210 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Regalado ◽  
Carla Pinheiro ◽  
Sheila Vidal ◽  
Inês Chaves ◽  
Cândido P.P. Ricardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Developing Seeds ◽  
Class Iii Chitinase

XIPOU 2 is a potential regulator of Spemann's Organizer

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Witta ◽  
S.M. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Branchial Arch ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Domain Family ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Pou Domain ◽  
Spemann's Organizer ◽  
Dorsal Mesoderm

XIPOU 2, a member of the class III POU-domain family, is expressed initially at mid-blastula transition (MBT) and during gastrulation in the entire marginal zone mesoderm, including Spemann's Organizer (the Organizer). To identify potential targets of XIPOU 2, the interaction of XIPOU 2 with other genes co-expressed in the Organizer was examined by microinjecting XIPOU 2's mRNA into the lineage of cells that contributes to the Organizer, head mesenchyme and prechordal plate. XIPOU 2 suppresses the expression of a number of dorsal mesoderm-specific genes, including gsc, Xlim-1, Xotx2, noggin and chordin, but not Xnot. As a consequence of the suppression of dorsal mesoderm gene expression, bone morphogenetic factor-4 (Bmp-4), a potent inducer of ventral mesoderm, is activated in the Organizer. Gsc is a potential target of XIPOU 2. XIPOU 2 is capable of binding a class III POU protein binding site (CATTAAT) that is located within the gsc promoter, in the activin-inducible (distal) element. Furthermore, XIPOU 2 suppresses the activation of the gsc promoter by activin signaling. At the neurula and tailbud stages, dorsoanterior structures are affected: embryos displayed micropthalmia and the loss of the first branchial arch, as detected by the expression of pax-6, Xotx2 and en-2. By examining events downstream from the Wnt and chordin pathways, we determined that XIPOU 2, when overexpressed, acts specifically in the Organizer, downstream from GSK-3beta of the Wnt pathway and upstream from chordin. The interference in dorsalizing events caused by XIPOU 2 was rescued by chordin. Thus, in addition to its direct neuralizing ability, in a different context, XIPOU 2 has the potential to antagonize dorsalizing events in the Organizer.

Regulation of mouse CYP1A1 gene expression by dioxin: requirement of two cis-acting elements during induction

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2378-2386
Author(s):  
L A Neuhold ◽  
Y Shirayoshi ◽  
K Ozato ◽  
J E Jones ◽  
D W Nebert
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Ah Receptor ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cyp1a1 Gene ◽  
Sv40 Dna

The mouse cytochrome P1450 (CYP1A1) gene is responsible for the metabolism of numerous carcinogens and toxic chemicals. Induction by the environmental contaminant tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) requires a functional aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. We examined the 5'-flanking region of the CYP1A1 gene in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 wild-type cells and a mutant line having a defect in chromatin binding of the TCDD-receptor complex. We identified two cis-acting elements (distal, -1071 to -901 region; proximal, -245 to -50 region) required for constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression. Three classes of DNA-protein complexes binding to the distal element were identified: class I, found only in the presence of TCDD and a functional Ah receptor, that was heat labile and not competed against by simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter DNA; class II, consisting of at least three constitutive complexes that were heat stable and bound to SV40 DNA; and class III, composed of at least three constitutive complexes that were thermolabile and were not competed against by SV40 DNA. Essential contacts for these proteins were centered at -993 to -990 for the class I complex, -987, -986, or both for the class II complexes, and -938 to -927 for the class III complexes. The proximal element was absolutely essential for both constitutive and TCDD-inducible CYP1A1 gene expression, and at least two constitutive complexes bound to this region. These data are consistent with the proximal element that binds proteins being necessary but not sufficient for inducible gene expression; interaction of these proteins with those at the distal element was found to be required for full CYP1A1 induction by TCDD.

scholarly journals The Role of Chitinase Gene Expression in the Defense of Harvested Banana Against Anthracnose Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Cheng Ma ◽  
Wan-Li Tang ◽  
Li-Yan Ma ◽  
Ling-Ling Li ◽  
Lu-Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Chitinase Gene ◽  
Calcium Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Ionophore A23187 ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium

The pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum musae infects developing green bananas (Musa spp. AAA group), but remains latent until the fruit ripens. The aim of this research was to determine whether the appearance of disease symptoms is regulated by chitinase gene expression following treatment of fruit with benzothiadiazole (BTH) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and with physical (heat) and chemical (H2O2 and Ca2+-related) treatments. In bananas inoculated with C. musae, BTH and MeJA lowered disease severity and stimulated higher gene expression compared with the untreated controls during ripening. However, in naturally infected bananas, BTH and MeJA treatments slightly reduced transcription of the chitinase gene in green bananas, but they prolonged gene expression in ripe bananas and significantly reduced disease severity. The combination of H2O2 and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, down-regulated chitinase gene expression and compromised disease resistance compared with H2O2 alone. Heat treatment (HT) or the combination of HT followed by CaCl2 reduced disease, but only the latter significantly upregulated chitinase gene expression. The combination of HT and a calcium ionophore (A23187) resulted in different disease indicies and different levels of gene expression depending upon the order of application: HT followed by A23187 induced higher gene expression and lower disease. The results suggest that disease resistance of green bananas could be related to high and prolonged levels of chitinase gene expression, and chitinase could be involved in harvested banana's anthracnose resistance activated by different defense pathway signals, such as BTH, MeJA, H2O2, and Ca2+.

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