scholarly journals Aspergillus Infection Inhibits the Expression of Peanut 13S-HPODE-Forming Seed Lipoxygenases

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis ◽  
Susan Kunze ◽  
David K. Willis ◽  
Ivo Feussner ◽  
Nancy P. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Aspergillus Infection ◽  
Resistance Factors ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Susceptibility And Resistance

Oxylipins recently have been implicated as signaling molecules for cross-kingdom communication in plant-pathogen interactions. Linoleic acid and its two plant lipoxygenase (LOX) oxylipin products 9- and 13-hydroperoxy fatty acids (9S- and 13S-HPODE) have been shown to have a significant effect on differentiation processes in the mycotoxigenic seed pathogens Aspergillus spp. Whereas both fatty acids promote sporulation, 9S-HPODE stimulates and 13S-HPODE inhibits mycotoxin production. Additionally, Aspergillus flavus infection of seed promotes linoleate 9-LOX expression and 9S-HPODE accumulation. Here, we describe the characterization of two peanut seed lipoxygenase alleles (PnLOX2 and PnLOX3) highly expressed in mature seed. PnLOX2 and PnLOX3 both are 13S-HPODE producers (linoleate 13-LOX) and, in contrast to previously characterized 9-LOX or mixed function LOX genes, are repressed between 5-fold and 250-fold over the course of A. flavus infection. The results of these studies suggest that 9SHPODE and 13S-HPODE molecules act as putative susceptibility and resistance factors respectively, in Aspergillus seed-aflatoxin interactions.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SORTASI, NATRIUM HIPOKLORIT DAN FUNGISIDA PADA KACANG TANAH UNTUK MENGELIMINASI KONTAMINASI ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Sholeh Avivi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Peanut Seed ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Aspergillus Infection ◽  
Post Harvest

The Effect of Sorting, Sodium hypochloride (NaClO), and Fungicide Treatment on Peanut  in Elimination  the  Aspergillus flavus Contamination.  The humid tropical condition of Indonesia, the post harvest treatment, and the storage practices favour rapid growth and wide spread Aspergillus infestation on peanut. The objectives of this research was to find the best technique in controlling the Aspergillus infection on peanut.  To achieve those objectives, complete randomised design in factorial with three factors was applied.  The factors were grading and colour sorting (A1 = grading and colour sorting;  A2 = without grading and colour sorting), NaClO blanching (B1 = without blanching; B2 = 1.25% NaClO blanching; B3=2.5% NaClO blanching), and Benlate T-20 WP treatment (C1 = 2,5 g/L; C2 = 3 g/L;  C3 = 3,5 g/L).  The result showed that the best combination treatment was A2B2C3 with the minimum amount of spore on peanut seed.  With those combination treatment we concluded that the grading and colour sorting, the 1.25% NaClO blanching, and the application of 3,5 g/L Benlate T-20 WP could reduced the Aspergillus contamination up to 80% compare with A1B1C3 treatment.

scholarly journals Characterization of Sorghum and Millet with Special Reference to Fatty Acid and Volatile Profile.

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai ◽  
Imran Pasha ◽  
Faqir Muhammad Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Food Staples

Sorghum and millet are important food staples in semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa. Sorghum and millet are cereal grains that have prospective to be used as substitute to wheat flour for celiac patients. These are considered as the good source of many important and essential fatty acids. The volatile profiling of these two important crops is comparable to other cereals as well. The present study was an effort to explore biochemical composition of commercially available sorghum and millet varieties with special reference to their fatty acid and volatile profiling. Chemical composition of sorghum and millet was determined according to respective methods. Fatty acid methyl esters were prepared and then subjected to GC-FID for fatty acids analysis. The results indicated that both sorghum and millet oils are rich in essential fatty acids comprising mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Main fatty acids that are identified in current study includes palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, behenic acid, linoleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, etc. On the other hand volatile compounds from sorghum and millet were determined by preparing their respective volatile samples by using calvenger apparatus with suitable volatile extracting solvent. Volatile samples were then subjected to GC-MS analysis and respected results were compared with NIST library. About 30 different volatiles were identified in millet varieties while 35 different compounds were discovered in sorghum varieties belonging to aldehydes, ketones, benzene derivatives, esters, alcohols, sulphur compounds.

scholarly journals Targeted metabolic reconstruction: a novel approach for the characterization of plant-pathogen interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pinzon ◽  
L. M. Rodriguez-R ◽  
A. Gonzalez ◽  
A. Bernal ◽  
S. Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Metabolic Reconstruction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

scholarly journals Hyperspectral phenotyping on the microscopic scale: towards automated characterization of plant-pathogen interactions

Plant Methods ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Kuska ◽  
Mirwaes Wahabzada ◽  
Marlene Leucker ◽  
Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne ◽  
Kristian Kersting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

scholarly journals Advanced Characterization of Hemp Flour (Cannabis sativa L.) from Dacia Secuieni and Zenit Varieties, Compared to Wheat Flour

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Iulian-Eugen Rusu ◽  
Romina Alina Marc (Vlaic) ◽  
Crina Carmen Mureşan ◽  
Andruţa Elena Mureşan ◽  
Miuţa Rafila Filip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Advanced Characterization ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mineral Substances

The advanced characterization of flour from hemp seeds (edible fruits of Cannabis sativa L.) from the Dacia Secuieni and Zenit varieties, compared to wheat flour, was studied in this research. The aim was to present the characterization of 2 varieties, out of the 70 accepted in Europe, for human consumption. The varieties selected from hemp meet the THC level requirement (0.3 or 0.2% of the dry weight of the reproductive part of the female flowering plant) in seeds. Hemp flour was obtained by grinding. The flour samples were evaluated for physicochemical parameters (moisture, crude protein, lipids, ash, crude fiber), the content of micro and macro elements, fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates. The total proteins in hemp flour are found in larger quantities by over 35% compared to wheat flour, and the lipids reach the threshold of 28%. The amount of mineral substances exceeds 3% in hemp flour, and the fibers exceed 26%, compared to 0.61% for wheat flour. The predominant mineral substances were K, Ca, Mg, p, Fe, and Mn. The predominant fatty acids were the unsaturated ones, predominantly being linoleic acid, followed by oleic and gamma-linoleic acid. In the case of amino acids, the highest amount is found in glutamic acid for hemp flours. As for carbohydrates, sucrose is found in the largest amount, followed by glucose and fructose. In conclusion, hemp flours have superior non-traditional characteristics to wheat flour, being a potential raw material for fortifying food or using them as such, having beneficial effects of consumption on the proper functioning of the human body.

scholarly journals Determination of the Lipid Compounds of Aristolochia Longa L. from Algeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Saida CHERIF ◽  
Fairouz SAIDI ◽  
Hadjila LAZOURI ◽  
Khadidja AID ◽  
Abdelhak ROUIBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Lipid Compounds

The present work joins in an initiative, for main objective the determination and the biochemical characterization of a medicinal plant with wide use in certain regions of Algeria. Samples of Aristoloche were collected from the region of Médéa (West of Algiers). By stream training we obtained essential oil and by hydro distillation concrete of the stalks, rhizomes and leaves. With theTLC we detect and confirm the presence of esters of Methyl in our samples. Besides, Gaz chromatography (CG), allowed us to determine the main group of fatty acids characterizing our essential oil and diluted concrete. An important proportion was showed by the palmitic acid with 22, 97 %, linoleic acid demonstrate a rate of 11, 50 %, oleic acid illustrate 7,24 %.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile, mineral content and bioactive compounds of cocoa spreads supplemented with baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
M. L.L. Campidelli ◽  
J. D. Souza Carneiro ◽  
E. C. Souza ◽  
M. L. Magalhães ◽  
G. L. Dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

The present study aimed to perform a chromatographic and spectrophotometric characterization of the bioactive compounds, antioxidants, phenolics, profile of fatty acids and minerals in spreads supplemented with different contents of baru almonds. The addition of baru almonds (P1 treatment) enhanced the concentrations of vitamin C, antioxidants, gallic acid, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, manganese and oleic acid. In contrast, the absence of this oil in P3 treatment resulted in an increase in the concentrations of vanillin, p-coumaric acid, ferric acid, o-coumaric acid, linoleic acid and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. When the tannin, beta-carotene/linoleic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids, hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid contents and atherogenic and thrombogenic indices were evaluated, no significant (p > 0.05) differences were detected between treatments.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Secretory YML079-like Cupin Protein That Contributes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Pathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Hongxia Fan ◽  
Wenwen Yang ◽  
Jiayue Nie ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes devastating diseases in many agriculturally important crops, including oilseed rape and sunflower. However, the mechanisms of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogenesis remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a YML079-like cupin protein (SsYCP1) from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. We showed that SsYCP1 is strongly expressed and secreted during Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection was promoted by SsYCP1 overexpression and inhibited by silencing this gene with synthetic double-stranded RNA. These results collectively indicate SsYCP1 as a putative effector protein that contributes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogenicity. These findings extend our understanding of effector-mediated Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogenesis and suggest a novel role for YML079-like cupin proteins in plant–pathogen interactions.

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