Levels of Protein and Protein Composition in Hard Winter Wheat Flours and the Relationship to Breadmaking

2006 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Park ◽  
S. R. Bean ◽  
O. K. Chung ◽  
P. A. Seib
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wheat Flours

scholarly journals Water Absorption Capacity Determines the Functionality of Vital Gluten Related to Specific Bread Volume

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Marina Schopf ◽  
Katharina Anne Scherf
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Specific Volume ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Wheat Flours

Vital gluten is often used in baking to supplement weak wheat flours and improve their baking quality. Even with the same recipe, variable final bread volumes are common, because the functionality differs between vital gluten samples also from the same manufacturer. To understand why, the protein composition of ten vital gluten samples was investigated as well as their performance in a microbaking test depending on the water content in the dough. The gluten content and composition as well the content of free thiols and disulfide bonds of the samples were similar and not related to the specific bread volumes obtained using two dough systems, one based on a baking mixture and one based on a weak wheat flour. Variations of water addition showed that an optimal specific volume of 1.74–2.38 mL/g (baking mixture) and 4.25–5.49 mL/g (weak wheat flour) was reached for each vital gluten sample depending on its specific water absorption capacity.

Quantification of the relationship between the environment and Fusarium head blight, Fusarium pathogen density, and mycotoxins in winter wheat in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa B. Kriss ◽  
Pierce A. Paul ◽  
Xiangming Xu ◽  
Paul Nicholson ◽  
Fiona M. Doohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Segetal Weed Communities when Chlorsulfuron-Based Weed Control is Being Used on Continuous Winter Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-305
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pawlonka ◽  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Krzysztof Starczewski ◽  
Antoni Bombik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Segetal Communities

Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between herbicide rate and weed community biodiversity in continuous wheat. A six-year field experiment was conducted to examine the effect of four chlorsulfuron rates in comparison with untreated (the control) plots, on the status and severity of weed infestation - in successive study years of cultivating winter wheat in monoculture. In addition, the following indices were calculated: Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s index of biodiversity, and Simpson’s index of domination. A total of 36 weedy species were identified in the experimental plots. The richest segetal communities were established in the control plots. An application of herbicide reduced the biodiversity of the agrophytocensosis. A short-term monoculture did not impoverish the species richness of the weed community established in winter wheat. The average number of species in the community was significantly greater in the second study year. In the initial study years of monoculture, the biodiversity of the segetal community increased markedly compared with rotation-based cultivation. The calculated indices of biodiversity were not significantly affected by herbicide rate or monoculture but the indices confirmed the trends outlined by an analysis of the status and level of weed infestation.

Abstract 391: Sterol Efflux Function and Protein Composition of HDL Associates With Recovery From Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Plubell ◽  
Alexandra Fenton ◽  
Clark Wayne ◽  
Neil A Zakai ◽  
Joseph F Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Prospective cohort studies and meta-analyses examining the relationship between HDL-cholesterol (C) and stroke are discordant and question the value of HDL-C as a marker for stroke risk prediction. Other properties of HDL-C such as cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) and proteome, are less studied. Methods: We investigated the changes in HDL CEC and proteome to determine if they are associated with improved stroke recovery. Plasma from age- and lipid profile-matched healthy controls (N = 35) and stroke patients were collected at 24 (early, N = 35) and 96 hour (late, N = 20) post stroke, and analyzed with three independent assays to measure macrophage-mediated, ABCA1 and ABCG1-specific sterol efflux, and HDL proteome. Stroke recovery was assessed at 3 months using the Modified Rankin Scores (MRS) and the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: Both macrophage- and ABCG1-mediated CEC were reduced by 50% ( P <0.0001) and 20% ( P <0.038) in early and late post stroke samples, respectively, compared to the control group. Patients who had comparable or increased CEC between the two-time points exhibited lower NIHSS and MRS indicating better recovery. Proteomic analysis of HDL indicated a distinct time-dependent remodeling post stroke. Coagulation complement cascade proteins (FGB, FGA, A2M, C3) significantly increased (FDR>0.01) early and returned to control levels later, inflammation proteins (SAA1, SAA2, PON1, C4B) increased early and continued to increase. Interestingly, platelet adhesion proteins (DSG1, JUP, ITGB1, ITGA2, TUBB, DNAH3, PF4) were abundantly present in only later samples. Conclusion: 1) patients who maintain or improve HDL CEC post stroke exhibit better recovery scores, 2) post stroke HDL proteome remodeling is dynamic with distinct time-dependent protein signatures that may associate with stroke recovery.

scholarly journals Pre-anthesis development of winter wheat and barley and relationships with grain yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 310-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosavljevic Milan ◽  
Momcolovic Vojislava ◽  
Maksimovic Ivana ◽  
Putnik-Delic Marina ◽  
Pržulj Novo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to improve understanding of (1) the effect of genotypic and environmental factors on pre-anthesis development and leaf appearance traits of barley and wheat; (2) the relationship of these factors with grain yield, and (3) the differences between these two crops across different environments/sowing dates. Therefore, trials with six two-row winter barley and six winter wheat cultivars were carried out in two successive growing seasons on four sowing dates. Our study showed that the observed traits varied between species, cultivars and sowing dates. In both growing seasons, biomass at anthesis and grain yield declined almost linearly by delaying the sowing date. There was no clear advantage in grain yield of wheat over barley under conditions of later sowing dates. Generally, barley produced more leaf and had shorter phyllochron than wheat. Both wheat and barley showed a similar relationship between grain yield and different pre-anthesis traits.

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