scholarly journals UPΦ phages, a new group of filamentous phages found in several members of Enterobacteriales

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W Shapiro ◽  
Catherine Putonti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Filamentous Phage ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Host Death ◽  
Filamentous Phages

Abstract Filamentous phages establish chronic infections in their bacterial hosts, and new phages are secreted by infected bacteria for multiple generations, typically without causing host death. Often, these viruses integrate in their host’s genome by co-opting the host’s XerCD recombinase system. In several cases, these viruses also encode genes that increase bacterial virulence in plants and animals. Here, we describe a new filamentous phage, UPϕ901, which we originally found integrated in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli from urine. UPϕ901 and closely related phages can be found in published genomes of over 200 other bacteria, including strains of Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its closest relatives are consistently found in urine or in the blood and feces of patients with urinary tract infections. More distant relatives can be found in isolates from other environments, including sewage, water, soil, and contaminated food. Each of these phages, which we collectively call ‘UPϕ viruses’, also harbors two or more novel genes of unknown function.

scholarly journals UPϕ phages, a new group of filamentous phages found in several members of Enterobacteriales

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Shapiro ◽  
Catherine Putonti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Filamentous Phage ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Host Death ◽  
Filamentous Phages

AbstractFilamentous phages establish chronic infections in their bacterial hosts, and new phages are secreted by infected bacteria for multiple generations, typically without causing host death. Often, these viruses integrate in their host’s genome by co-opting the host’s XerCD recombinase system. In several cases, these viruses also encode genes that increase bacterial virulence in plants and animals. Here, we describe a new filamentous phage, UPϕ901, which we originally found integrated in a clinical isolate of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. UPϕ901 and closely related phages can be found in published genomes of over 200 other bacteria, including strains of Citrobacter koseri, Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Its closest relatives are consistently found in urine or in the blood and feces of patients with urinary tract infections. More distant relatives can be found in isolates from other environments, including sewage, water, soil, and contaminated food. Each of these phages, which we collectively call “UPϕ viruses,” also harbors two novel genes of unknown function.

Fifteen-minute consultation: Why and how do children get urinary tract infections?

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Tullus
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Tract Infections

This paper describes urinary tract infections (UTI) from the perspective of a disturbed balance between bacterial virulence and host defence. In some children, a UTI is caused by a virulent Escherichia coli, while in other cases children with abnormal renal tracts can get infected by almost any bacteria. Such knowledge can help in guiding treatment, investigations and follow-up of a child with a UTI.

scholarly journals Decreased Expression of Type 1 Fimbriae by apstMutant of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Reduces Urinary Tract Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2802-2815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Crépin ◽  
Sébastien Houle ◽  
Marie-Ève Charbonneau ◽  
Michaël Mourez ◽  
Josée Harel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Pho Regulon ◽  
Upec Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type 1 Fimbriae ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTThepstSCAB-phoUoperon encodes the phosphate-specific transport system (Pst). Loss of Pst constitutively activates the Pho regulon and decreases bacterial virulence. However, specific mechanisms underlying decreased bacterial virulence through inactivation of Pst are poorly understood. In uropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) strain CFT073, inactivation ofpstdecreased urinary tract colonization in CBA/J mice. Thepstmutant was deficient in production of type 1 fimbriae and showed decreased expression of thefimAstructural gene which correlated with differential expression of thefimB,fimE,ipuA, andipbAgenes, encoding recombinases, mediating inversion of thefimpromoter. The role offimdownregulation in attenuation of thepstmutant was confirmed using afimphase-locked-on derivative, which demonstrated a significant gain in virulence. In addition, thepstmutant was less able to invade human bladder epithelial cells. Since type 1 fimbriae contribute to UPEC virulence by promoting colonization and invasion of bladder cells, the reduced bladder colonization by thepstmutant is predominantly attributed to downregulation of these fimbriae. Elucidation of mechanisms mediating the control of type 1 fimbriae through activation of the Pho regulon in UPEC may open new avenues for therapeutics or prophylactics against urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals Thiol Starvation Induces Redox-Mediated Dysregulation of Escherichia coli Biofilm Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hufnagel ◽  
Janet E. Price ◽  
Rachel E. Stephenson ◽  
Jesse Kelley ◽  
Matthew F. Benoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diguanylate Cyclase ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

ABSTRACTA hallmark of bacterial biofilms is the production of anextracellularmatrix (ECM) that encases and protects the community from environmental stressors. Biofilm formation is an integral portion of theuropathogenicEscherichiacoli(UPEC) life cycle. Approximately 2% of UPEC isolates are cysteine auxotrophs. Here, we investigated how cysteine homeostasis impacted UPEC UTI89 strain biofilm formation and, specifically, the production of the ECM components curli and cellulose. Cysteine auxotrophs produced less cellulose and slightly more curli compared to wild-type (WT) strains, and cysteine auxotrophs formed smooth, nonrugose colonies. Cellulose production was restored in cysteine auxotrophs when YfiR was inactivated. YfiR is a redox-sensitive regulator of the diguanylate cyclase, YfiN. The production of curli, a temperature-regulated appendage, was independent of temperature in UTI89 cysteine auxotrophs. In a screen of UPEC isolates, we found that ∼60% of UPEC cysteine auxotrophs produced curli at 37°C, but only ∼2% of cysteine prototrophic UPEC isolates produced curli at 37°C. Interestingly, sublethal concentrations of amdinocillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited curli production, whereas strains auxotrophic for cysteine continued to produce curli even in the presence of amdinocillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The dysregulation of ECM components and resistance to amdinocillin in cysteine auxotrophs may be linked to hyperoxidation, since the addition of exogenous cysteine or glutathione restored WT biofilm phenotypes to mutants unable to produce cysteine and glutathione.IMPORTANCEUropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) bacteria are the predominant causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs account for billions of dollars of financial burden annually to the health care industry in the United States. Biofilms are an important aspect of the UPEC pathogenesis cascade and for the establishment of chronic infections. Approximately 2% of UPEC isolates from UTIs are cysteine auxotrophs, yet there is relatively little known about the biofilm formation of UPEC cysteine auxotrophs. Here we show that cysteine auxotrophs have dysregulated biofilm components due to a change in the redox state of the periplasm. Additionally, we show the relationship between cysteine auxotrophs, biofilms, and antibiotics frequently used to treat UTIs.

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Rufloxacin on Bacterial Virulence Factors

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Carlo Braga ◽  
Maria Teresa Sala ◽  
Monica dal Sasso
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Subinhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Phenotype Expression ◽  
Lower Urinary

ABSTRACT It has been reported that subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some fluoroquinolones are still capable of affecting the topological characteristics of DNA (inhibition DNA-gyrase) and that this leads to a reduction in some of the factors responsible for bacterial virulence (by means of the disruption of protein synthesis and alterations in phenotype expression), even though the microorganisms themselves are not killed. The present study investigated the ability of sub-MICs of rufloxacin, an orally absorbed monofluorinated quinolone with a long half-life (28 to 30 h), to interfere with the bacterial virulence parameters of adhesiveness, hemagglutination, hydrophobicity, motility, and filamentation, as well as their interactions with host neutrophilic defenses such as phagocytosis, killing, and oxidative bursts. It was observed that Escherichia coli adhesiveness was significantly reduced at rufloxacin concentrations of 1/32 MIC, hemagglutination and hydrophobicity were significantly reduced at concentrations of, respectively, 1/4 MIC and 1/8 MIC, and motility was significantly reduced at concentrations of 1/16 MIC; filamentation was still present at concentrations of 1/4 MIC. Phagocytosis was not affected, but killing significantly increased from 1/2 MIC to 1/8 MIC; oxidative bursts measured by means of chemiluminescence were not affected. The fact that sub-MICs are still effective in interfering with the parameters of bacterial virulence is useful information that needs to be correlated with pharmacokinetic data in order to extend our knowledge of the most effective concentrations that can be used to optimize treatment schedules, for example, single administrations, particularly in noncomplicated lower urinary tract infections.

Molecular Analysis of Uropathogenic E.coli Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Valadbeigi ◽  
Elham Esmaeeli ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian ◽  
Abbas Maleki ◽  
Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates in Ilam. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, a total of 80 UPEC isolates were collected for patients with UTIs during a 6 months period. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR) was used to detect the papEF, fimH, iucD, hlyA, fyuA, and ompT genes. Results: The prevalence of fimH, papEF, iucD, fyuA, hlyA, hlyA, and ompT genes were 87.5%, 47.5%, 60%, 67.5%, 27.5%, 47.5% and 71.2%, respectively. Among all of the isolates, 27 profiles were obtained. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the most prevalence was found for fimH, and different distribution of virulence genes suggested different ability of pathogenicity.

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