scholarly journals Phyloanatomic characterization of the distinct T cell and monocyte contributions to the peripheral blood HIV population within the host

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany RifeMagalis ◽  
Samantha L Strickland ◽  
Stephen D Shank ◽  
Patrick Autissier ◽  
Alexandra Schuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Single Genome

Abstract Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a rapidly evolving virus, allowing its genetic sequence to act as a fingerprint for epidemiological processes among, as well as within, individual infected hosts. Though primarily infecting the CD4+ T-cell population, HIV can also be found in monocytes, an immune cell population that differs in several aspects from the canonical T-cell viral target. Using single genome viral sequencing and statistical phylogenetic inference, we investigated the viral RNA diversity and relative contribution of each of these immune cell types to the viral population within the peripheral blood. Results provide evidence of an increased prevalence of circulating monocytes harboring virus in individuals with high viral load in the absence of suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Bayesian phyloanatomic analysis of three of these individuals demonstrated a measurable role for these cells, but not the circulating T-cell population, as a source of cell-free virus in the plasma, supporting the hypothesis that these cells can act as an additional conduit of virus spread.

scholarly journals Monocyte Infection Dynamics Shape HIV-1 Phyloanatomy in the Peripheral Blood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Rife Magalis ◽  
Samantha L. Strickland ◽  
Stephen D Shank ◽  
Patrick Autissier ◽  
Alexandra Schuetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Monocyte Infection

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA and DNA have been isolated from patient monocytes, an immune cell population that is quite different in several aspects from the canonical T-cell viral target. Because monocytes are migratory and resilient to both natural and synthetic antiviral defenses, knowledge of the contribution of monocyte infection to ongoing viral evolution and spread \textit{in vivo} is of significant interest for drug development and treatment strategies. Using single viral genome sequencing from different peripheral blood compartments and phyloanatomic statistical inference, we demonstrate that productively infected monocytes follow an evolutionary trajectory that is distinct from peripheral T cells during multiple stages of disease progression. Gene flow and selection analysis reveal plasticity in the source of monocyte infection and in the region of the HIV envelope glycoprotein that experiences selection pressure across individuals. The findings, thus, point to a potential reservoir showing a range of infection and transmission dynamics, for which the current universal, T cell-targeted treatment strategies would be inadequate.

scholarly journals Early rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a deficit in the CD4+CD25high regulatory T cell population in peripheral blood

Rheumatology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lawson ◽  
A. K. Brown ◽  
V. Bejarano ◽  
S. H. Douglas ◽  
C. H. Burgoyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Early Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Regulatory T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood

scholarly journals The Transcriptional Differences of Avian CD4+CD8+ Double-Positive T Cells and CD8+ T Cells From Peripheral Blood of ALV-J Infected Chickens Revealed by Smart-Seq2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manman Dai ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Ziwei Li ◽  
Xiaobo Li ◽  
Bowen You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Double Positive

It is well known that chicken CD8+ T cell response is vital to clearing viral infections. However, the differences between T cell subsets expressing CD8 receptors in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have not been compared. Herein, we used Smart-Seq2 scRNA-seq technology to characterize the difference of chicken CD8high+, CD8high αα+, CD8high αβ+, CD8medium+, and CD4+CD8low+ T cell subsets from PBMCs of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J)-infected chickens. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Trend analysis revealed that genes enriched in the “Cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction” pathway were most highly expressed in the CD8high αα+ T cell population, especially T cell activation or response-related genes including CD40LG, IL2RA, IL2RB, IL17A, IL1R1, TNFRSF25, and TNFRSF11, suggesting that CD8high αα+ T cells rather than other CD8 subpopulations were more responsive to ALV-J infections. On the other hand, genes involved in the “FoxO signaling pathway” and “TGF-beta signaling pathway” were most highly expressed in the CD4+CD8low+ (CD8low+) T cell population and the function of CD4+CD8low+ T cells may play roles in negatively regulating the functions of T cells based on the high expression of CCND1, ROCK1, FOXO1, FOXO3, TNFRSF18, and TNFRSF21. The selected gene expressions in CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8low+ double-positive T cells confirmed by qRT-PCR matched the Smart-Seq2 data, indicating the reliability of the smart-seq results. The high expressions of Granzyme K, Granzyme A, and CCL5 indicated the positive response of CD8+ T cells. Conversely, CD4+CD8+ T cells may have the suppressor activity based on the low expression of activation molecules but high expression of T cell activity suppressor genes. These findings verified the heterogeneity and transcriptional differences of T cells expressing CD8 receptors in chicken PBMCs.

scholarly journals PD-1 and TIGIT coexpression identifies a circulating CD8 T cell subset predictive of response to anti-PD-1 therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001631
Author(s):  
Sylvain Simon ◽  
Valentin Voillet ◽  
Virginie Vignard ◽  
Zhong Wu ◽  
Camille Dabrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry ◽  
Specific Gene

BackgroundClinical benefit from programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) inhibitors relies on reinvigoration of endogenous antitumor immunity. Nonetheless, robust immunological markers, based on circulating immune cell subsets associated with therapeutic efficacy are yet to be validated.MethodsWe isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell from three independent cohorts of melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitor, at baseline and longitudinally after therapy. Using multiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting, we isolated four subsets of CD8+ T cells, based on PD-1 and TIGIT expression profiles. We performed phenotypic characterization, T cell receptor sequencing, targeted transcriptomic analysis and antitumor reactivity assays to thoroughly characterize each of these subsets.ResultsWe documented that the frequency of circulating PD-1+TIGIT+ (DPOS) CD8+ T-cells after 1 month of anti-PD-1 therapy was associated with clinical response and overall survival. This DPOS T-cell population was enriched in highly activated T-cells, tumor-specific and emerging T-cell clonotypes and T lymphocytes overexpressing CXCR5, a key marker of the CD8 cytotoxic follicular T cell population. Additionally, transcriptomic profiling defined a specific gene signature for this population as well as the overexpression of specific pathways associated with the therapeutic response.ConclusionsOur results provide a convincing rationale for monitoring this PD-1+TIGIT+ circulating population as an early cellular-based marker of therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 therapy.

scholarly journals P062 Differences in immune cell population subsets in inflammatory bowel disease patients under anti-TNF treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S117-S117
Author(s):  
S Notararigo ◽  
J E Viñuela Roldán ◽  
M Abanades-Tercero ◽  
J E Dominguez-Munoz ◽  
M Barreiro-de Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Cell Population ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals The Blood Circulating Rare Cell Population. What Is It and What Is It Good for?

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Stefan Schreier ◽  
Wannapong Triampo
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Rare Cells ◽  
New Biomarkers

Blood contains a diverse cell population of low concentration hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic cells. The majority of such rare cells may be bone marrow-derived progenitor and stem cells. This paucity of circulating rare cells, in particular in the peripheral circulation, has led many to believe that bone marrow as well as other organ-related cell egress into the circulation is a response to pathological conditions. Little is known about this, though an increasing body of literature can be found suggesting commonness of certain rare cell types in the peripheral blood under physiological conditions. Thus, the isolation and detection of circulating rare cells appears to be merely a technological problem. Knowledge about rare cell types that may circulate the blood stream will help to advance the field of cell-based liquid biopsy by supporting inter-platform comparability, making use of biological correct cutoffs and “mining” new biomarkers and combinations thereof in clinical diagnosis and therapy. Therefore, this review intends to lay ground for a comprehensive analysis of the peripheral blood rare cell population given the necessity to target a broader range of cell types for improved biomarker performance in cell-based liquid biopsy.

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