Gender-based differences in water, sanitation and hygiene-related diarrheal disease and helminthic infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varadan Sevilimedu ◽  
Keisha D. Pressley ◽  
Kassandra R. Snook ◽  
Jamesa V. Hogges ◽  
Maria D. Politis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Gender Based

scholarly journals Water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors for the transmission of cholera in a changing climate: using a systematic review to develop a causal process diagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Natalia Jones ◽  
Maha Bouzid ◽  
Roger Few ◽  
Paul Hunter ◽  
Iain Lake
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Change Dynamics ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Cholera is a severe diarrhoeal disease affecting vulnerable communities. A long-term solution to cholera transmission is improved access to and uptake of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Climate change threatens WASH. A systematic review and meta-analysis determined five overarching WASH factors incorporating 17 specific WASH factors associated with cholera transmission, focussing upon community cases. Eight WASH factors showed lower odds and six showed higher odds for cholera transmission. These results were combined with findings in the climate change and WASH literature, to propose a health impact pathway illustrating potential routes through which climate change dynamics (e.g. drought, flooding) impact on WASH and cholera transmission. A causal process diagram visualising links between climate change dynamics, WASH factors, and cholera transmission was developed. Climate change dynamics can potentially affect multiple WASH factors (e.g. drought-induced reductions in handwashing and rainwater use). Multiple climate change dynamics can influence WASH factors (e.g. flooding and sea-level rise affect piped water usage). The influence of climate change dynamics on WASH factors can be negative or positive for cholera transmission (e.g. drought could increase pathogen desiccation but reduce rainwater harvesting). Identifying risk pathways helps policymakers focus on cholera risk mitigation, now and in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions alone and combined with nutrition on child growth in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e034812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolesa Bekele ◽  
Patrick Rawstorne ◽  
Bayzidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Growth Outcomes ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveThis study aimed to provide clarification on the benefits of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) alone separately and combined with nutrition in improving child growth outcomes.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Science Direct were searched in May 2018 and last updated in April 2019. We included studies that reported WASH interventions alone separately or combined with nutrition. Fixed and random-effects models were used to estimate pooled effect in mean difference (MD). Heterogeneity and publication bias statistics were performed.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included: 13 cluster randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 5 non-randomised controlled trials (non-RCTs). Non-RCTs showed effect of WASH interventions alone on height-for-age z-score (HAZ) (MD=0.14; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.21) but RCTs did not. WASH alone of non-RCTs and RCTs that were delivered over 18–60 months indicated an effect on HAZ (MD=0.04; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08). RCTs showed an effect for children <2 years (MD=0.07; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.13). Non-RCTs of WASH alone and those that included at least two components, improved HAZ (MD=0.15; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.23) but RCTs did not. WASH alone of non-RCTs and RCTs separately or together showed no effect on weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Combined WASH with nutrition showed an effect on HAZ (MD=0.13; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.17) and on WAZ (MD=0.09; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.13) and was borderline on WHZ.ConclusionsWASH interventions alone improved HAZ when delivered over 18–60 months and for children <2 years. Combined WASH with nutrition showed a strong effect on HAZ and WAZ and a borderline effect on WHZ. Integrated WASH with nutrition interventions may be effective inimproving child growth outcomes.

scholarly journals Effect of Gender on the Knowledge of Medicinal Plants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Torres-Avilez ◽  
Patrícia Muniz de Medeiros ◽  
Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Plant Knowledge ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

Knowledge of medicinal plants is not only one of the main components in the structure of knowledge in local medical systems but also one of the most studied resources. This study uses a systematic review and meta-analysis of a compilation of ethnobiological studies with a medicinal plant component and the variable of gender to evaluate whether there is a gender-based pattern in medicinal plant knowledge on different scales (national, continental, and global). In this study, three types of meta-analysis are conducted on different scales. We detect no significant differences on the global level; women and men have the same rich knowledge. On the national and continental levels, significant differences are observed in both directions (significant for men and for women), and a lack of significant differences in the knowledge of the genders is also observed. This finding demonstrates that there is no gender-based pattern for knowledge on different scales.

scholarly journals Effect of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene on the Prevention of Trachoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e1001605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith E. Stocks ◽  
Stephanie Ogden ◽  
Danny Haddad ◽  
David G. Addiss ◽  
Courtney McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

scholarly journals Infectious diarrheal disease caused by contaminated well water in Chinese schools: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheyuan Ding ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Haocheng Wu ◽  
Qinbao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Well Water
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