scholarly journals Moderate stress responses and specific changes in polyamine metabolism characterize Scots pine somatic embryogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki M. Salo ◽  
Tytti Sarjala ◽  
Anne Jokela ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Jaana Vuosku
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Moderate Stress

scholarly journals Polyamine Metabolism in Scots Pine Embryogenic Cells under Potassium Deficiency

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1244
Author(s):  
Riina Muilu-Mäkelä ◽  
Jaana Vuosku ◽  
Hely Häggman ◽  
Tytti Sarjala
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Developmental Regulation ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Arginine Decarboxylase ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Embryogenic Cells ◽  
Embryogenic Cell

Polyamines (PA) have a protective role in maintaining growth and development in Scots pine during abiotic stresses. In the present study, a controlled liquid Scots pine embryogenic cell culture was used for studying the responses of PA metabolism related to potassium deficiency. The transcription level regulation of PA metabolism led to the accumulation of putrescine (Put). Arginine decarboxylase (ADC) had an increased expression trend under potassium deficiency, whereas spermidine synthase (SPDS) expression decreased. Generally, free spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm)/ thermospermine (t-Spm) contents were kept relatively stable, mostly by the downregulation of polyamine oxidase (PAO) expression. The low potassium contents in the culture medium decreased the potassium content of the cells, which inhibited cell mass growth, but did not affect cell viability. The reduced growth was probably caused by repressed metabolic activity and cell division, whereas there were no signs of H2O2-induced oxidative stress or increased cell death. The low intracellular content of K+ decreased the content of Na+. The decrease in the pH of the culture medium indicated that H+ ions were pumped out of the cells. Altogether, our findings emphasize the specific role(s) of Put under potassium deficiency and strict developmental regulation of PA metabolism in Scots pine.

scholarly journals Melatonin: A Small Molecule but Important for Salt Stress Tolerance in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoshuang Zhan ◽  
Xiaojun Nie ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

Salt stress is one of the most serious limiting factors in worldwide agricultural production, resulting in huge annual yield loss. Since 1995, melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)—an ancient multi-functional molecule in eukaryotes and prokaryotes—has been extensively validated as a regulator of plant growth and development, as well as various stress responses, especially its crucial role in plant salt tolerance. Salt stress and exogenous melatonin lead to an increase in endogenous melatonin levels, partly via the phyto-melatonin receptor CAND2/PMTR1. Melatonin plays important roles, as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, in the improvement of antioxidant systems under salt stress. These functions improve photosynthesis, ion homeostasis, and activate a series of downstream signals, such as hormones, nitric oxide (NO) and polyamine metabolism. Melatonin also regulates gene expression responses to salt stress. In this study, we review recent literature and summarize the regulatory roles and signaling networks involving melatonin in response to salt stress in plants. We also discuss genes and gene families involved in the melatonin-mediated salt stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Characterization of Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor-Like Kinase 4 as a Negative Regulator of Leaf Senescence in Arabidopsis

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Li ◽  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Cun Guo ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Knockout Mutant ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Early Leaf Senescence

Leaf senescence is a genetically controlled process that involves the perception of extracellular signals and signal transduction. The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are known to act as an important class of cell surface receptors and are involved in multiple biological processes such as development and stress responses. The functions of a number of RLK members have been characterized in Arabidopsis and other plant species, but only a limited number of RLK proteins have been reported to be associated with leaf senescence. In the present study, we have characterized the role of the somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4 (SERK4) gene in leaf senescence. The expression of SERK4 was up-regulated during leaf senescence and by several abiotic stress treatments in Arabidopsis. The serk4-1 knockout mutant was found to display a significant early leaf senescence phenotype. Furthermore, the results of overexpression analysis and complementary analysis supported the idea that SERK4 acts as a negative regulator in the process of leaf senescence.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis of Scots pine: cold treatment and characteristics of explants affecting induction

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (341) ◽  
pp. 1769-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Haggman ◽  
A. Jokela ◽  
J. Krajnakova ◽  
A. Kauppi ◽  
K. Niemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Cold Treatment

Patterning during somatic embryogenesis in Scots pine in relation to polar auxin transport and programmed cell death

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Abrahamsson ◽  
Silvia Valladares ◽  
Emma Larsson ◽  
David Clapham ◽  
Sara von Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis of scots pine: current status and perspective of application in forestry

2019 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Елена Валентиновна Новичонок ◽  
Наталия Алексеевна Галибина ◽  
Борис Владимирович Раевский ◽  
Мария Алексеевна Ершова ◽  
Elena Novichonok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Role of Silicon in Mediating Salt Tolerance in Plants: A Review

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Xing Zhu ◽  
Hai-Jun Gong ◽  
Jun-Liang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Polyamine Metabolism ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Aquaporin Gene ◽  
Ion Imbalance ◽  
The Impact

Salt stress is a major threat for plant growth worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms of silicon in alleviating salt stress have been widely studied using physiological, molecular genetics, and genomic approaches. Recently, progresses have been made in elucidating the alleviative effects of silicon in salt-induced osmotic stress, Na toxicity, and oxidative stress. In this review, we highlight recent development on the impact of silicon application on salt stress responses. Emphasis will be given to the following aspects. (1) Silicon transporters have been experimentally identified in different plant species and their structure feature could be an important molecular basis for silicon permeability. (2) Silicon could mediate salt-induced ion imbalance by (i) regulating Na+ uptake, transport, and distribution and (ii) regulating polyamine levels. (3) Si-mediated upregulation of aquaporin gene expression and osmotic adjustment play important roles in alleviating salinity-induced osmotic stress. (4) Silicon application direct/indirectly mitigates oxidative stress via regulating the antioxidant defense and polyamine metabolism. (5) Omics studies reveal that silicon could regulate plants’ response to salt stress by modulating the expression of various genes including transcription factors and hormone-related genes. Finally, research areas that require further investigation to provide a deeper understanding of the role of silicon in plants are highlighted.

Adaptive homeostasis in pregnant women with moderate preeclampsia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
S.S. Tumanyan ◽  
◽  
S.V. Tumanyan ◽  
E.A. Udovenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Training Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Moderate Stress

Objective. To study the features of adaptive homeostasis in women with normal pregnancy and moderate preeclampsia (MPE). Patients and methods. Sixty-eight pregnant women were under study. General non-specific adaptive responses and adaptive cardiovascular responses were examined in 30 women with normal pregnancy and in 38 women with MPE. Results. Both general and organ adaptive responses were found to have a close correlation with the course of labor, the immediate postpartum period, and perinatal outcomes. Identification of general non-specific adaptive responses in the group of patients with MPE indicated the development of moderate stress response in 37%. Anti-stress responses accounted for 67%, mostly due to the training response. Conclusion. The analysis of comprehensive indicators of systemic and organ adaptation in pregnant women with MPE revealed the maladaptation of their regulatory mechanisms and signs of exhaustion of adaptation and energy reserves. The detected changes in systemic and organ adaptation have a negative effect on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Key words: moderate preeclampsia, adaptation, course of labor, prenatal outcomes

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