scholarly journals A comparative study of physiological and morphological seedling traits associated with shade tolerance in introduced red oak (Quercus rubra) and native hardwood tree species in southwestern Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kuehne ◽  
P. Nosko ◽  
T. Horwath ◽  
J. Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Hardwood Tree

scholarly journals Metagenomic reconstruction of nitrogen and carbon cycling pathways in forest soil: Influence by different hardwood tree species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene N. Kelly ◽  
Geoffrey W. Schwaner ◽  
Jonathan R. Cumming ◽  
Timothy P. Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
C And N ◽  
Hardwood Tree

AbstractThe soil microbiome plays an essential role in processing and storage of nitrogen (N) and carbon (C), and is influenced by vegetation above-ground through imparted differences in chemistry, structure, mass of plant litter, root physiology, and dominant mycorrhizal associations. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to quantify the abundance and distribution of gene families involved in soil microbial N and C cycling beneath three deciduous hardwood tree species: ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-associated Quercus rubra (red oak), ECM-associated Castanea dentata (American chestnut), and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-associated Prunus serotina (black cherry). Chestnut exhibited the most distinct soil microbiome of the three species, both functionally and taxonomically, with a general suppression of functional genes in the nitrification, denitrification, and nitrate reduction pathways. These changes were related to low inorganic N availability in chestnut stands as soil was modified by poor, low-N litter quality relative to red oak and black cherry soils.IMPORTANCEPrevious studies have used field biogeochemical process rates, isotopic tracing, and targeted gene abundance measurements to study the influence of tree species on ecosystem N and C dynamics. However, these approaches do not enable a comprehensive systems-level understanding of the relationship between microbial diversity and metabolism of N and C below-ground. We analyzed microbial metagenomes from soils beneath red oak, American chestnut, and black cherry stands and showed that tree species can mediate the abundance of key microbial genes involved in N and (to a lesser extent) C metabolism pathways in soil. Our results highlight the genetic framework underlying tree species’ control over soil microbial communities, and below-ground C and N metabolism, and may enable land managers to select tree species to maximize C and N storage in soils.

scholarly journals Intraspecific Competition Affects Crown and Stem Characteristics of Non-Native Quercus rubra L. Stands in Germany

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Burkardt ◽  
Peter Annighöfer ◽  
Dominik Seidel ◽  
Christian Ammer ◽  
Torsten Vor
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Accurate guidelines for silvicultural management of exotic tree species in Germany are sparse. For example, northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is the most commonly planted exotic deciduous tree species in Germany, but its response to varying levels of competition intensity has not yet been adequately explored. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning to non-destructively examine the responses of stem and crown characteristics of Quercus rubra to intraspecific competition. A total of 100 dominant red oak trees were investigated in ten pure red oak stands, located in five federal states of Germany. The external stem quality characteristics namely stem non-circularity and bark anomalies decreased with increasing tree competition. Also, the crown characteristics crown volume, crown surface area, maximum crown area, crown length, and branch length declined by the degree of individual tree competition. We conclude that individual tree properties can be controlled by competition intensity, resulting in improved timber quality as shown for other tree species.

scholarly journals Oak Forest Composition on Contrasting Soil Types at the Mohonk Preserve, Eastern New York

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc D. Abrams ◽  
Benjamin A. Sands
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Overstory Composition

Abstract This research investigated overstory and understory forest composition for 10 sites derived from either shale or sandstone conglomerate parent material on the Shawangunk Ridge in eastern New York. Overstory composition in both soil types was dominated by red oak (Quercus rubra) and chestnut oak (Quercus montana), but the overstory on shale sites was more diverse (14 tree species) and had less oak than sandstone sites (with only 6 tree species). A total of 17 species were recorded as regeneration on shale sites, where seedlings averaged 21,466/ha and saplings averaged 1,833/ha. Dominant seedling on shale sites were chestnut oak (7,100/ha) and red oak (3,583/ha); chestnut oak had significantly more seedlings on shale versus sandstone sites. Saplings on shale sites were predominantly Hamamelis virginiana and Acer pensylvanicum. On sandstone sites, seedlings averaged 6,425/ha (including 2,075 oaks and 2,250 red maple per ha). Sapling numbers for all species were low (1,400/ha) and were mostly red maple. These forests are unique because of the relatively high density of oak seedlings on certain sites and low density of red maple across all sites. This variation in regeneration as well as management strategies to promote additional oak regeneration and canopy recruitment are discussed for these and similar forests.

scholarly journals Comparison of the herb layer composition in stands of several tree species in the Louny region

Beskydy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Jiří Viewegh ◽  
Stanislav Miltner ◽  
Karel Matějka ◽  
Vilém Podrázský
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Layer Composition

Influence of introduced northern red oak stands (Quercus rubra L.) on herb understory with comparison with herb understory of autochthonous Sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. L) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was observed in Louny region area on 14 plots. The analysis of the ground vegetation was performed using classical phytosociological methods. Significant changes were not determined in the site character, when comparing particular tree species stands, the differences consisted especially in the natural regeneration of tree species. Northern red oak showed a tendency of more fast penetration in the neighboring stands.

Effects of nitrogen deposition on nitrate leaching from forests of the northeastern United States will change with tree species composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine F. Crowley ◽  
Gary M. Lovett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Species Change

As tree species composition in forests of the northeastern United States changes due to invasive forest pests, climate change, or other stressors, the extent to which forests will retain or release N from atmospheric deposition remains uncertain. We used a species-specific, dynamic forest ecosystem model (Spe-CN) to investigate how nitrate (NO3–) leaching may vary among stands dominated by different species, receiving varied atmospheric N inputs, or undergoing species change due to an invasive forest pest (emerald ash borer; EAB). In model simulations, NO3– leaching varied widely among stands dominated by 12 northeastern North American tree species. Nitrate leaching increased with N deposition or forest age, generally with greater magnitude for deciduous (except red oak) than coniferous species. Species with lowest baseline leaching rates (e.g., red spruce, eastern hemlock, red oak) showed threshold responses to N deposition. EAB effects on leaching depended on the species replacing white ash: after 100 years, predicted leaching increased 73% if sugar maple replaced ash but decreased 55% if red oak replaced ash. This analysis suggests that the effects of tree species change on NO3– leaching over time may be large and variable and should be incorporated into predictions of effects of N deposition on leaching from forested landscapes.

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