scholarly journals Seasonal nitrogen cycling in the bark of field-grown Grey poplar is correlated with meteorological factors and gene expression of bark storage proteins

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1096-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wildhagen ◽  
J. Durr ◽  
B. Ehlting ◽  
H. Rennenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Bark Storage Proteins

scholarly journals Transcriptional Activities of the Microbial Consortium Living with the Marine Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Trichodesmium Reveal Potential Roles in Community-Level Nitrogen Cycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Lee ◽  
Eric A. Webb ◽  
Nathan G. Walworth ◽  
Fei-Xue Fu ◽  
Noelle A. Held ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Community Respiration ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Globally Distributed

ABSTRACTTrichodesmiumis a globally distributed cyanobacterium whose nitrogen-fixing capability fuels primary production in warm oligotrophic oceans. Like many photoautotrophs,Trichodesmiumserves as a host to various other microorganisms, yet little is known about how this associated community modulates fluxes of environmentally relevant chemical species into and out of the supraorganismal structure. Here, we utilized metatranscriptomics to examine gene expression activities of microbial communities associated withTrichodesmium erythraeum(strain IMS101) using laboratory-maintained enrichment cultures that have previously been shown to harbor microbial communities similar to those of natural populations. In enrichments maintained under two distinct CO2concentrations for ∼8 years, the community transcriptional profiles were found to be specific to the treatment, demonstrating a restructuring of overall gene expression had occurred. Some of this restructuring involved significant increases in community respiration-related transcripts under elevated CO2, potentially facilitating the corresponding measured increases in host nitrogen fixation rates. Particularly of note, in both treatments, community transcripts involved in the reduction of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrous oxide were detected, suggesting the associated organisms may play a role in colony-level nitrogen cycling. Lastly, a taxon-specific analysis revealed distinct ecological niches of consistently cooccurring major taxa that may enable, or even encourage, the stable cohabitation of a diverse community withinTrichodesmiumconsortia.IMPORTANCETrichodesmiumis a genus of globally distributed, nitrogen-fixing marine cyanobacteria. As a source of new nitrogen in otherwise nitrogen-deficient systems, these organisms help fuel carbon fixation carried out by other more abundant photoautotrophs and thereby have significant roles in global nitrogen and carbon cycling. Members of theTrichodesmiumgenus tend to form large macroscopic colonies that appear to perpetually host an association of diverse interacting microbes distinct from the surrounding seawater, potentially making the entire assemblage a unique miniature ecosystem. Since its first successful cultivation in the early 1990s, there have been questions about the potential interdependencies betweenTrichodesmiumand its associated microbial community and whether the host's seemingly enigmatic nitrogen fixation schema somehow involved or benefited from its epibionts. Here, we revisit these old questions with new technology and investigate gene expression activities of microbial communities living in association withTrichodesmium.

scholarly journals Cold Acclimation and Alterations in Dehydrin-like and Bark Storage Proteins in the Leaves of Sibling Deciduous and Evergreen Peach

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Bark Storage Proteins ◽  
High Level

Seasonal changes in cold tolerance and proteins were studied in the leaves of sibling deciduous and evergreen peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Freezing tolerance [defined as the subzero temperature at which 50% injury occurred (LT50)] was assessed using electrolyte leakage. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Electroblots were probed with anti-dehydrin and anti-19-kD peach bark storage protein (BSP) antibodies. Leaf LT50 decreased successively from -5.8 °C on 18 Aug. to -10.3 °C in the evergreen genotype and from -7.0 °C to -15.0 °C in the deciduous genotype by 14 Oct. Protein profiles and immunoblots indicated the accumulation of a 60- and 30-kD protein during cold acclimation in the leaves of deciduous trees; however, levels of these proteins did not change significantly in the evergreen trees. Immunoblots indicate that the 60-kD protein is a dehydrin-like protein. Gel-electrophoresis and immunoblots also indicated that the 19-kD BSP progressively disappeared from summer through fall in leaves of deciduous peach but accumulated to a high level in bark tissues. A similar inverse relationship was not evident in evergreen peach.

scholarly journals Bark storage Protein in Peach, Plum, and Cherry Trees

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 756A-756
Author(s):  
M.P. Bañados ◽  
M.S. Santiago ◽  
C. Eterovic
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Pattern ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Bark Storage Proteins ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Bark Storage Protein ◽  
Cherry Trees

The main form of nitrogen reserves during overwintering are amino acids and proteins. Specific proteins called bark storage proteins (BSP) have been characterized in many tree species. To identify BSPs in `O'Henry' peach, `Angeleno' plum, and `Early Burlat' cherry trees, samples of bark were collected from January through December 1993 from trees growing under field conditions in Santiago, Chile. SDS-PAGE analyses were used to characterize the seasonal variation on the protein pattern on the bark of those Prunus species. A 60 kDa BSP was identified in the bark of all three species, which corresponds to the main protein present in the bark during the winter. This protein may play an important role as a nitrogen reserve in these fruit trees.

scholarly journals Symbiosis maintenance in the facultative coral, Oculina arbuscula, relies on nitrogen cycling, cell cycle modulation, and immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Rivera ◽  
S. W. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Nitrogen Cycling ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cycling Cell ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Oculina Arbuscula ◽  
Baseline Conditions

AbstractSymbiosis with unicellular algae in the family Symbiodiniaceae is common across tropical marine invertebrates. Reef-building corals offer a clear example of cellular dysfunction leading to a dysbiosis that disrupts entire ecosystems in a process termed coral bleaching. Due to their obligate symbiotic relationship, understanding the molecular underpinnings that sustain this symbiosis in tropical reef-building corals is challenging, as any aposymbiotic state is inherently coupled with severe physiological stress. Here, we leverage the subtropical, facultatively symbiotic and calcifying coral Oculina arbuscula to investigate gene expression differences between aposymbiotic and symbiotic branches within the same colonies under baseline conditions. We further compare gene ontology (GO) and KOG enrichment in gene expression patterns from O. arbuscula with prior work in the sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida (Aiptasia) and the salamander Ambystoma maculatum—both of which exhibit endophotosymbiosis with unicellular algae. We identify nitrogen cycling, cell cycle control, and immune responses as key pathways involved in the maintenance of symbiosis under baseline conditions. Understanding the mechanisms that sustain a healthy symbiosis between corals and Symbiodiniaceae algae is of urgent importance given the vulnerability of these partnerships to changing environmental conditions and their role in the continued functioning of critical and highly diverse marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals COLD ACCLIMATION IN THE LEAVES OF SIBLING DECIDUOUS AND EVERGREEN PEACH: ALTERATIONS IN DEHYDRIN AND BARK STORAGE PROTEINS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 190f-191
Author(s):  
Rajeev Arora ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
Lisa J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Bark Tissue ◽  
Bark Storage Proteins ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Bark Storage Protein

Seasonal pattern of cold tolerance and proteins were studied in the leaves of sibling deciduous and evergreen peach (Prunus persica). In contrast to deciduous peach that undergoes endodormancy in fall, evergreen peach does not (leaves are retained and shoot tips elongate under favorable conditions) (Arora et al., Plant Physiol. 99:1562-1568). Cold tolerance (LT50) was assessed using electrolyte leakage method. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE. Electroblots were probed with anti-dehydrin (Dr. T. Close) and anti-19 kD, peach bark storage protein (BSP) antibodies. LT50 of leaves successively increased from about -7C (18 Aug.) to -15C and -11.5C (23 Oct.) in deciduous and evergreen genotypes, respectively. The most apparent change in the protein profiles was the accumulation of a 60-kD protein during cold acclimation in the leaves of deciduous trees; however, it did not change significantly in evergreen peach. Immunoblots indicate that 60-kD protein is a dehydrin protein. PAGE and immunoblots indicated that 19-kD BSP disappeared progressively during summer through fall in the leaves of deciduous peach, but accumulated to large amounts in bark tissues. Similar inverse relationship for its accumulation in leaf vs. bark tissue was not evident in evergreen peach. Results indicate that BSP expression may be regulated by altered source/sink relationship.

scholarly journals Gene Expression and Proteomics Studies Suggest an Involvement of Multiple Pathways Under Day and Day–Night Combined Heat Stresses During Grain Filling in Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Chunduri ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
Shubhpreet Kaur ◽  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Saloni Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Early Gene ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Recent weather fluctuations imposing heat stress at the time of wheat grain filling cause frequent losses in grain yield and quality. Field-based studies for understanding the effect of terminal heat stress on wheat are complicated by the effect of multiple confounding variables. In the present study, the effect of day and day–night combined heat stresses during the grain-filling stage was studied using gene expression and proteomics approaches. The gene expression analysis was performed by using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of genes related to the starch biosynthetic pathway, starch transporters, transcription factors, and stress-responsive and storage proteins, at four different grain developmental stages, indicated the involvement of multiple pathways. Under the controlled conditions, their expression was observed until 28 days after anthesis (DAA). However, under the day stress and day–night stress, the expression of genes was initiated earlier and was observed until 14 DAA and 7 DAA, respectively. The protein profiles generated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS/MS) showed a differential expression of the proteins belonging to multiple pathways that included the upregulation of proteins related to the translation, gliadins, and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenins and the downregulation of proteins related to the glycolysis, photosynthesis, defense, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenins. Overall, the defense response to the day heat stress caused early gene expression and day–night heat stress caused suppression of gene expression by activating multiple pathways, which ultimately led to the reduction in grain-filling duration, grain weight, yield, and processing quality.

scholarly journals Changes in Ultrastructure of Bark Cells and Slippage of Bark in Poplar Plants when Grown under Short-day Photoperiods

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 689e-689
Author(s):  
Zoran Jeknic ◽  
Tony H. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bark Storage Proteins ◽  
Bark Peeling

The development of bud dormancy in poplar plants is initiated by short-day photoperiods (SD). During the development of bud dormancy, there was a gradual increase in the force required to peel off the bark from the stems. We measured the force required for bark peeling and investigated the cellular changes associated with this phenomenon. Stem samples were collected from plants which had been grown under SD for different period of time up to 10 weeks. At each sampling date, the forces required to peel off the bark were measured by a tensiometer. At the same time, samples were fixed to examine ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. We have observed that there was a significant increase in the force (in Newtons) required to peel off bark from poplar stems when the development of dormancy was initiated by SD treatment. Many ultrastructural changes were observed, including the accumulation of bark storage proteins, the break down of the central vacuole to form many small vacuoles, thickened cell walls, etc. Efforts have been made to relate ultrastructural alterations to changes in the force required for bark peeling.

Gene expression prior to post-zygotic endosperm collapse in tetraploid bahiagrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Florencia I. Pozzi ◽  
Carlos A. Acuña ◽  
Mara B. Depetris ◽  
Camilo L. Quarin ◽  
Silvina A. Felitti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Functional Information ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Storage Tissue ◽  
Signalling Molecule ◽  
Storage Products

AbstractThe endosperm is the storage tissue of seeds and is an important source of nutrients for humans and animals. In the previous work, the gene expression was characterized at 3 and 24 h after pollination (AP). The results suggested that eATP would act as a signalling molecule at the beginning of endosperm development and that sucrose metabolism could be related to EBN insensitivity. In addition, differentially expressed transcripts derived fragments (DETDFs) were related to the failure of fusion of the polar nuclei and the accumulation of storage products in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. The objective of the present study was to identify genes related to endosperm development in apomictic and sexual ovaries of Paspalum notatum 48 h AP, a stage at which development is prior to post-zygotic collapse. The cDNA-AFLP analysis was carried out to analyse different crosses and DETDFs categorized according to their function. The main cellular functions at 48 h AP were metabolism and signal transduction. Fourteen out of 39 DETDFs with relevant functional information were found in crosses for which normal endosperm development was expected. Three DETDFs were found in crosses where viable and unviable seeds were predicted and presented similarity with a casein kinase II (CK2), an enzyme that governs the accumulation of storage proteins in seeds of A. thaliana and Zea mays. The results obtained at 3, 24 and 48 h AP suggest that CK2 is involved in early endosperm development in P. notatum.

Molecular targets of elevated [CO2] in leaves and stems of Populus deltoides: implications for future tree growth and carbon sequestration

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Druart ◽  
Marisa Rodríguez-Buey ◽  
Greg Barron-Gafford ◽  
Andreas Sjödin ◽  
Rishikesh Bhalerao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Expression Of Genes

We report the first comprehensive analysis of the effects of elevated [CO2] on gene expression in source leaf and stem sink tissues in woody plants. We have taken advantage of coppiced Populus deltoides (Bartr.) stands grown for 3 years under three different and constant elevated [CO2] in the agriforest mesocosms of Biosphere 2. Leaf area per tree was doubled by elevated [CO2] but although growth at 800 v. 400 µmol mol–1 CO2 resulted in a significant increase in stem biomass, growth was not stimulated at 1200 µmol mol–1 CO2. Growth under elevated [CO2] also resulted in significant increases in stem wood density. Analysis of expression data for the 13 490 clones present on POP1 microarrays revealed 95 and 277 [CO2]-responsive clones in leaves and stems respectively, with the response being stronger at 1200 µmol mol–1. When these [CO2]-responsive genes were assigned to functional categories, metabolism-related genes were the most responsive to elevated [CO2]. However within this category, expression of genes relating to bioenergetic processes was unchanged in leaves whereas the expression of genes for storage proteins and of those involved in control of wall expansion was enhanced. In contrast to leaves, the genes up-regulated in stems under elevated [CO2] were primarily enzymes responsible for lignin formation and polymerisation or ethylene response factors, also known to induce lignin biosynthesis. Concomitant with this enhancement of lignin biosynthesis in stems, there was a pronounced repression of genes related to cell wall formation and cell growth. These changes in gene expression have clear consequences for long-term carbon sequestration, reducing the carbon-fertilisation effect, and the potential for increased lignification may negatively impact on future wood quality for timber and paper production.

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