scholarly journals Regulation of resin acid synthesis in Pinus densiflora by differential transcription of genes encoding multiple 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase and 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate reductase genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon-Bok Kim ◽  
Sang-Min Kim ◽  
Min-Kyoung Kang ◽  
Tomohisa Kuzuyama ◽  
Jong Kyu Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Differential Transcription ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

scholarly journals Transcription Profiles Analysis of Genes Encoding 1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-Phosphate Synthase and 2C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-Phosphate Synthase in Plaunotol Biosynthesis from Croton stellatopilosus

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraithip Wungsintaweekul ◽  
Tanawan Sirisuntipong ◽  
Damrong Kongduang ◽  
Thanaisawan Losuphanporn ◽  
Anan Ounaroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

scholarly journals Pathways and Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Synthesis

Acta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Ufuk Bozkurt Obuz ◽  
Incilay Lay
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Intracellular Compartments

Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol through 17 different enzymes located in different intracellular compartments of hepatocytes. Defects have been identified in the genes encoding the enzymes involved in the bile acid synthesis pathways and nine different diseases have been identified so far. In this review, four different biosynthetic pathway of bile acids together with disorders of bile acid synthesis is described. In inborn errors of bile acid synthesis clinical findings can range from liver failure to cirrhosis in infancy or progressive neuropathy in adolescence / adulthood. Laboratory analysis of urine profiling of bile acids is important in early diagnosis and early treatment.

scholarly journals Overexpression of WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 Gene Enhances Wax Accumulation under Osmotic Stress and Oil Synthesis in Brassica napus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Liu ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Tiehu Wang ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Pengpeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Oil Synthesis ◽  
Genes Encoding

WAX INDUCER1/SHINE1 (WIN1) belongs to the AP2/EREBP transcription factor family and plays an important role in wax and cutin accumulation in plants. Here we show that BnWIN1 from Brassica napus (Bn) has dual functions in wax accumulation and oil synthesis. Overexpression (OE) of BnWIN1 led to enhanced wax accumulation and promoted growth without adverse effects on oil synthesis under salt stress conditions. Lipid profiling revealed that BnWIN1-OE plants accumulated more waxes with elevated C29-alkanes, C31-alkanes, C28-alcohol, and C29-alcohol relative to wild type (WT) under salt stress. Moreover, overexpression of BnWIN1 also increased seed oil content under normal growth conditions. BnWIN1 directly bound to the promoter region of genes encoding biotin carboxyl carrier protein 1 (BCCP1), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 9 (GPAT9), lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 5 (LPAT5), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) involved in the lipid anabolic process. Overexpression of BnWIN1 resulted in upregulated expression of numerous genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis, wax accumulation, and oil production. The results suggest that BnWIN1 is a transcriptional activator to regulate the biosynthesis of both extracellular and intracellular lipids.

scholarly journals Complete Chloroplast Genome of Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. and Comparative Analysis with Five Pine Trees

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Hyun Oh Lee ◽  
Il Hwan Lee ◽  
In Sik Kim ◽  
Seok-Woo Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Pinus Densiflora ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Complete Chloroplast Genome ◽  
Korean Red Pine ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Genes Encoding

Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) is widely distributed in East Asia and considered one of the most important species in Korea. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of P. densiflora was sequenced by combining the advantages of Oxford Nanopore MinION and Illumina MiSeq. The sequenced genome was then compared with that of a previously published conifer plastome. The chloroplast genome was found to be circular and comprised of a quadripartite structure, including 113 genes encoding 73 proteins, 36 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. It had short inverted repeat regions and lacked ndh gene family genes, which is consistent with other Pinaceae species. The gene content of P. densiflora was found to be most similar to that of P. sylvestris. The newly attempted sequencing method could be considered an alternative method for obtaining accurate genetic information, and the chloroplast genome sequence of P. densiflora revealed in this study can be used in the phylogenetic analysis of Pinus species.

Functional characterization of the three genes encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase in maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cordoba ◽  
H. Porta ◽  
A. Arroyo ◽  
C. San Roman ◽  
L. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Using muscle gene expression to estimate triacylglyceride deposition, and relative contributions of fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid import in intramuscular fat in cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Dalrymple ◽  
B. Guo ◽  
G. H. Zhou ◽  
W. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Muscle Gene ◽  
The Impact

Intramuscular fat content (IMF%) in cattle influences the value of individual animals, especially for higher marbling markets. IMF is triacylglyceride (TAG) in lipid droplets in the intramuscular adipocytes. However, there are many different pathways from feed intake to the final common process of TAG synthesis and storage as IMF. To evaluate the relative importance of different pathways we compared changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the TAG and fatty acid (FA) synthesis pathways in the longissimus muscle of Piedmontese × Hereford (P×H) and Wagyu × Hereford (W×H) crosses. Based on these changes we have estimated the relative contributions of FA synthesised de novo in the intramuscular adipocyte and the uptake of circulating FA (both free and from TAG), from the diet or synthesised de novo in other tissues, to TAG deposition as IMF. We have analysed the impact of different developmental times and different diets on these processes. Increased de novo FA synthesis in intramuscular adipocytes appeared to contribute more than increased FA uptake from circulation to the additional TAG deposition in W×H compared with P×H cattle between 12 and 25 months (forage diet). Changing diet from forage to concentrate appeared to increase the importance of FA uptake from circulation relative to de novo FA synthesis for TAG synthesis in intramuscular adipocytes. These results are consistent with the literature based on analysis of lipid composition. Gene expression appears to provide a simple assay for identification of the source of FA for the deposition of IMF.

scholarly journals BIOTIN ATTACHMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING proteins, inhibitors of ACCase, are regulated by WRINKLED1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Zhiyang Zhai ◽  
Kate Kuczynski ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Jorg Schwender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
Nanomolar Range ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractWRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a transcriptional activator that binds to AW boxes in the promoters of many genes from central metabolism and FA synthesis, resulting in their transcription. BIOTIN ATTACHMENT DOMAIN-CONTAINING (BADC) proteins are homologs of BIOTIN CARBOXYL CARRIER PROTEIN (BCCP) that lack a biotin-attachment domain and are therefore inactive. In the presence of excess FA, BADC1 and BADC3 are primarily responsible for the observed long-term irreversible inhibition of ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE (ACCase), and consequently FA synthesis. Purified WRI1 bound with high affinity (Kds in the low nanomolar range) to canonical AW-boxes from the promoters of all three BADC genes. Consistent with this observation, the expression of BADC1, BADC2 and BADC3 genes and BADC1 protein levels were reduced in wri1-1 relative to wild type (WT), and BADCs gene expression and BADC1 protein levels also were elevated upon WRI1 overexpression. The double mutant badc1badc2 phenocopied wri1-1 with respect to both reduction in root length, and elevation of indole-3-acetic acid-Asp (IAA-Asp) levels relative to WT. Overexpression of BADC1 in wri1-1 decreased its IAA-Asp and partially rescued its short-root phenotype demonstrating a role for BADCs in seedling establishment. That WRI1 positively regulates genes encoding both FA synthesis and BADCs i.e., conditional inhibitors of FA synthesis, represents a coordinated mechanism to achieve lipid homeostasis in which plants couple the transcription their FA synthetic capacity with their capacity to biochemically downregulate it.One sentence summaryWRI1 regulates genes encoding both fatty acid synthesis and inhibitors of FA synthesis (BADCs), creating a lipid homeostatic mechanism in which the transcription of FA synthetic capacity is coordinated with the capacity to biochemically downregulate FA synthesis.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Synthesis and Pyruvate Metabolism Pathways Remain Active in Dihydroartemisinin-Induced Dormant Ring Stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 4773-4781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanhua Chen ◽  
Alexis N. LaCrue ◽  
Franka Teuscher ◽  
Norman C. Waters ◽  
Michelle L. Gatton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mitochondrial Proteins ◽  
Pyruvate Metabolism ◽  
Transcription Analysis ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACTArtemisinin (ART)-based combination therapy (ACT) is used as the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria worldwide. However, despite high potency and rapid action, there is a high rate of recrudescence associated with ART monotherapy or ACT long before the recent emergence of ART resistance. ART-induced ring-stage dormancy and recovery have been implicated as possible causes of recrudescence; however, little is known about the characteristics of dormant parasites, including whether dormant parasites are metabolically active. We investigated the transcription of 12 genes encoding key enzymes in various metabolic pathways inP. falciparumduring dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-induced dormancy and recovery. Transcription analysis showed an immediate downregulation for 10 genes following exposure to DHA but continued transcription of 2 genes encoding apicoplast and mitochondrial proteins. Transcription of several additional genes encoding apicoplast and mitochondrial proteins, particularly of genes encoding enzymes in pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways, was also maintained. Additions of inhibitors for biotin acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase and enoyl-acyl carrier reductase of the fatty acid synthesis pathways delayed the recovery of dormant parasites by 6 and 4 days, respectively, following DHA treatment. Our results demonstrate that most metabolic pathways are downregulated in DHA-induced dormant parasites. In contrast, fatty acid and pyruvate metabolic pathways remain active. These findings highlight new targets to interrupt recovery of parasites from ART-induced dormancy and to reduce the rate of recrudescence following ART treatment.

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